scholarly journals Pesticides use and health impacts on farmers in Thailand, Vietnam, and Lao PDR: Protocol for a survey of knowledge, behaviours and blood acetyl cholinesterase concentrations

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0258134
Author(s):  
David Hughes ◽  
Wisit Thongkum ◽  
Kukiat Tudpor ◽  
Niruwan Turnbull ◽  
Nachalida Yukalang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Acetyl Cholinesterase ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Pesticides Exposure ◽  
Degree Of Association

Pesticides use in Southeast Asia has increased steadily, driven by the growth of large-scale commercial farming, as well as a desire to maximise food production in rural subsistence economies. Given that use of chemical pesticides, such as organophosphates and carbamates, has known potential health impacts, there are concerns about the safety of agricultural workers, and a need for a better evidence base to underpin regulation and worker education. This study, undertaken in 9 districts in Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam, will interview agricultural workers to investigate how they use pesticides, their knowledge of risks and self-protective practices, and their self-reported illness symptoms. In each district researchers will recruit and interview 120 participants engaged in vegetable farming, who have recently used pesticides, making a total of 1080 subjects divided equally between the three study countries. Workers’ degree of pesticides exposure will be determined from acetyl cholinesterase concentrations in capillary blood samples collected using field test kits, and these data will be analysed together with the interview findings. Country findings will be compared and contrasted, and general patterns noted. Knowledge gained about risky behaviours, self-protective practices and degree of association with serious pesticides exposure will assist policy makers and inform health improvement programmes.

Planetary Health, Climate Change, and Lifestyle Medicine: Threats and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
pp. 155982762110081
Author(s):  
Neha Pathak ◽  
Amanda McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Lifestyle Medicine ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

Global environmental degradation and climate change threaten the foundation of human health and well-being. In a confluence of crises, the accelerating pace of climate change and other environmental disruptions pose an additional, preventable danger to a global population that is both aging and carrying a growing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Climate change and environmental disruption function as “threat multipliers,” especially for those with NCDs, worsening the potential health impacts on those with suboptimal health. At the same time, these environmental factors threaten the basic pillars of health and prevention, increasing the risk of developing chronic disease. In the face of these threats, the core competencies of lifestyle medicine (LM) present crucial opportunities to mitigate climate change and human health impacts while also allowing individuals and communities to build resilience. LM health professionals are uniquely positioned to coach patients toward climate-healthy behavior changes that heal both people and the planet.

Potential health impacts of increasing the cigarette tax in Viet Nam

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1378-1382
Author(s):  
H. V. Minh ◽  
N. T. Duyen ◽  
T. T. Ngan ◽  
N. B. Ngoc ◽  
D. T. Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Impacts ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Cigarette Tax

scholarly journals Distribution and potential health impacts of microplastics and microrubbers in air and street dusts from Asaluyeh County, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Abbasi ◽  
Behnam Keshavarzi ◽  
Farid Moore ◽  
Andrew Turner ◽  
Frank J. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Impacts ◽  
Potential Health

Comparative Acute Toxicity of Shale and Petroleum Derived Distillates

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Clark ◽  
Paul W. Ferguson ◽  
Mark A. Katchen ◽  
Michael W. Dennis ◽  
Douglas K. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Distillate Fractions ◽  
Comparative Acute Toxicity

In anticipation of the commercialization of its shale oil retorting and upgrading process, Unocal Corp. conducted a testing program aimed at better defining potential health impacts of a shale industry. Acute toxicity studies using rats and rabbits compared the effects of naphtha, Jet-A, JP-4, diesel and “residual” distillate fractions of both petroleum derived crude oils and hydrotreated shale oil. No differences in the acute oral (> 5 g/kg LD50) and dermal (> 2 g/kg LD50) toxicities were noted between the shale and petroleum derived distillates and none of the samples were more than mildly irritating to the eyes. Shale and petroleum products caused similar degrees of mild to moderate skin irritation. None of the materials produced sensitization reactions. The LC50 after acute inhalation exposure to Jet-A, shale naphtha, (> 5 mg/L) and JP-4 distillate fractions of petroleum and shale oils was greater than 5 mg/L. The LC50 of petroleum naphtha (> 4.8 mg/L) and raw shale oil (> 3.95 mg/L) also indicated low toxicity. Results demonstrate that shale oil products are of low acute toxicity, mild to moderately irritating and similar to their petroleum counterparts. The results further demonstrate that hydrotreatment reduces the irritancy of raw shale oil.

scholarly journals Potential health impacts and lung microbiome changes among smoking and smokeless tobacco use : A technical scan

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Krishnan Srinivasan ◽  
Manikandan Sathiyaseelan ◽  
JenethBerlin Raj ◽  
Pajanivel Ranganadin ◽  
Balanehru Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

scholarly journals Emergency Hospital Evacuation From a Hospital Within 5 km Radius of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant: A Retrospective Analysis of Disaster Preparedness for Hospitalized Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Toyoaki Sawano ◽  
Yuki Senoo ◽  
Izumi Yoshida ◽  
Akihiko Ozaki ◽  
Yoshitaka Nishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Emergency Hospital ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi

Abstract Emergency evacuation during disasters may have significant health impacts on vulnerable populations. The Japanese Government issued evacuation orders for surrounding residents of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) immediately after the March 11, 2011, nuclear accident. Little is known of difficulties associated with the disaster-specific evacuation from health care facilities located in this area. Among the 338 patients hospitalized at Futaba Hospital, located 4.6 km west of FDNPP, at the time of the accident, 39 patients (11.5%), predominantly critically ill patients who were bedridden or disabled, died before the evacuation was completed. The shortage of hospital staff and disruption of infrastructure resulted in a lack of adequate care provision, such as infusion therapy or sputum suctioning, leading to premature death of some hospitalized patients during the emergency hospital evacuation. As hospital evacuation is sometimes unavoidable during disasters, potential health impacts of hospital evacuation should be recognized and reflected in disaster preparedness plans.

scholarly journals Health Impact Assessment and City Council Policy: Identifying Opportunities to Address Local Social Determinants of Health & Place-Health Relationships, 10 Years Later

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Petteway ◽  
Shannon Cosgrove
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Health Impact Assessment ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
City Council ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Baltimore City ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Health Related

Background: Health Impact Assessment (HIA) can be used to assess any type of policy/program related to social determinants (SDH).  However, local public health departments (LHDs) have been slow to adopt formal use of HIA in efforts to address local SDH, even with growing evidence linking SDH and place-health relationships. Ten years ago we completed a review of Baltimore City Council policies to advance this conversation within the LHD. Our goal here is to revisit this review and, again, outline a process by which LHDs can: a) monitor local policies in regard to SDH and b) identify opportunities for potential HIA use. Methods:  We reviewed all policies introduced into Baltimore City Council in calendar years 2008 and 2009. We reviewed each policy to identify those with potential health impacts. We then categorized these policies as: a) “explicitly health-related” or b) “related to SDH.” We then tabulated the number and sub-types of these policies that were referred for LHD review. Results: We identified and reviewed 597 total policies. 89 policies (15%) were identified as “explicitly health-related,” 34 (38%) of which were referred for LHD review. 208 policies (35%) were identified as “related to SDH,” 13 (6%) of which were reviewed. Overall, 297 (50%) policies were identified as having potential health impacts, 47 (16%) of which were reviewed. Conclusion: This work represents a potentially replicable process to identify HIA opportunities, and potential launch point for health-in-all-policies efforts. In Baltimore, it facilitated dialogue with Baltimore City officials and led to the LHD’s first HIA grant.

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