scholarly journals The negative consequences of sports betting opportunities on human capital formation: Evidence from Spain

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258857
Author(s):  
Mar Espadafor ◽  
Sergi Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
New Evidence

The proliferation of on-site betting shops has received enormous public attention, becoming one of the most alarming health policy issues in contemporary cities. However, there is little evidence on whether its growing presence nearby vulnerable populations produce social harm beyond its known adverse individual effects. This study provides new evidence on the negative societal effects of betting houses. Our research design takes advantage of a new wave of openings in Madrid (Spain), which created a sudden increase in the supply of on-site gambling. Using a differences-in-differences design, we find that new betting houses decline nearby high schools’ educational performance, especially in public schools in less advantaged areas. This effect is neither trivial nor diminishing with time. This evidence suggests that betting houses increase inequality of educational opportunities. The ubiquity of betting houses around vulnerable populations in multiple regions drives us to think that these findings have relevant policy implications for many countries currently designing policies tackling the increase of problem gambling.

Bridging the Digital Divide in Public Schools

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia E. Garland ◽  
Sara E. Wotton
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Global Marketplace ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Trained Teachers

Most American public schools and the communities that fund them are finding it increasingly difficult to keep pace with the new wave of technology. Unfortunately, the “digital divide” between the “haves” and the “have nots” is widening. While some well-financed suburban schools have installed “wireless” computers and have trained teachers to use the new technologies, poorer urban and rural schools are lagging behind with outdated computers and insufficient Internet access. This gap has serious negative consequences for the future of the next generation. Those students from urban and rural working class families, largely racial and ethnic minorities, will be unable to compete with their wealthier, better educated, and more technologically advanced peers in the global marketplace. The purpose of this comparative analysis is to discover the causes of this “digital divide” between public schools and to recommend solutions to the inequities in students' access to technological innovations.

REGIONALISM APPROACH UNDER THE COVID-19 CIRCUMSTANCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
E. Rasoulinezhad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Economic Convergence ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Parts

The outbreak of Covid-19 disease since late 2019 has led to fundamental changes in the process of globalization and liberalization of the world economy. In order to prevent the spread of this disease and control its negative consequences, many countries have implemented policies such as urban quarantine, cutting off passenger communication with neighboring countries and the world, closing tourist and tourist places, and implementing policies to protect domestic industries. In general, it led to the phenomenon of reverse globalization. According to the development of new economic convergence, which is based on the role of the market in economic relations between countries can play an important role in improving the productive capacity of countries in a region and create economic integration in different parts of the world. Such a state of integration in different parts of the world could be the solution to the process of globalization and in the post-Corona era, the concept of “one for all, all for one” was created at the regional and global level. As policy implications, the paper recommended some points to make a greater integration between Iran and Russia in the region

Competitive Impacts of Means-Tested Vouchers on Public School Performance: Evidence from Louisiana

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J. Egalite ◽  
Jonathan N. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Private School ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
First Year ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Scholarship Program ◽  
Sudden Injection

Given the significant growth rate and geographic expansion of private school choice programs over the past two decades, it is important to examine how traditional public schools respond to the sudden injection of competition for students and resources. Although prior studies of this nature have been limited to Florida and Milwaukee, using multiple analytic strategies this paper examines the competitive impacts of the Louisiana Scholarship Program (LSP) to determine its achievement impacts on students in affected public schools. Serving 4,954 students in its first year of statewide expansion, this targeted school voucher program provides public funds for low-income students in low-performing public schools to enroll in participating private schools across the state of Louisiana. Using (1) a school fixed effects approach and (2) a regression discontinuity framework to examine the achievement impacts of the LSP on students in affected public schools, this competitive effects analysis reveals neutral to positive impacts that are small in magnitude. Policy implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Environmental Characteristics and Student Physical Activity in PE Class: Findings From Two Large Urban Areas of Texas

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Skala ◽  
Andrew E. Springer ◽  
Shreela V. Sharma ◽  
Deanna M. Hoelscher ◽  
Steven H. Kelder
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Classroom Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Class Size ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Class Time ◽  
Percent Time ◽  
Lesson Context

Background:Physical education (PE) classes provide opportunities for children to be active. This study examined the associations between specific environmental characteristics (teacher characteristics; class size, duration and location; and lesson context) and elementary school-aged children’s moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA) during PE.Methods:Environmental characteristics and student activity levels were measured in 211 third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade PE classes in 74 Texas public schools using SOFIT direct observation.Results:Students engaged in less than half their PE class time in MVPA (38%), while approximately 25% of class time was spent in classroom management. Percent time in MVPA was significantly higher in outdoor classes compared with indoors (41.4% vs. 36.1%, P = .037). Larger (P = .044) and longer (P = .001) classes were negatively associated with percentage of MVPA and positively correlated with time spent in management (P < .001).Conclusions:Findings suggest that children’s activity may be influenced by environmental factors such as class size, location, and lesson contexts. These findings hold important policy implications for PE class organization and the need for strategies that maximize children’s MVPA. Further research is needed to test the causal association of these factors with student MVPA.

Cambodian Inclusive Education for Vulnerable Populations: Toward an Ecological Perspective Policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob D. Hackett ◽  
Roxanne F. Hudson ◽  
Elizabeth A. West ◽  
Sharan E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
School Directors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Education Professionals ◽  
Special Education Policy

Abstract Cambodia is a dynamic country in transition and its population is committed to improve an economic, social, and educational system (Chandler, 2008). An imperial legacy and traumatic history involving a genocide specifically targeted at Cambodian intellectual elite continue to affect Cambodian schools with the most impact being felt by vulnerable populations including children from poverty and children with disabilities. An ecological framework of childhood development (Bronfenbrenner, 1992) is used to analyze interviews, classroom observations, and student work samples. School directors (3), teachers (3), students (2), and one parent from three public schools in three distinct provinces participated in this study, providing a broad geopolitical range of Cambodia. First, a review of Cambodian education and special education policy as well as international guidelines for inclusive education is provided. Next, a rationalization for including students with disabilities and children from poverty in the larger category of children from vulnerable populations is presented within the Cambodian context. Themes of key factors affecting the educational experience of children from vulnerable populations include: (1) school and community interconnectedness, and (2) Cambodian historical legacies. Perceptions, attitudes and beliefs of Cambodian practitioners are also key factors, and include: (1) Intersectionality of disability and poverty; (2) two distinct purposes of education, and (3) educators value responsive education. This qualitative analysis surfaces key factors affecting the educational experiences of Cambodian children from vulnerable populations by investigating perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes of various Cambodian education professionals and their decision-making concerning these students. Limitations and implications are provided.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Consumption and the Age-Adjusted Value of Life

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Kniesner ◽  
W. Kip Viscusi ◽  
James P Ziliak
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Value Of Life ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Job Safety ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Statistical Lives

AbstractOur research presents new evidence on the age pattern of the implicit value of life revealed from workers' differential wages and job safety pairings. Although aging reduces the number of years of life expectancy, aging can affect the value of life through an effect on planned life-cycle consumption. The elderly could, a priori, have the highest implicit value of life if there is a life-cycle plan to defer consumption until old age. We find that largely due to the age pattern of consumption, which is non-constant, the implicit value of life rises and falls over the lifetime in a way that the value for the elderly is higher than the average over all ages or for the young. There are important health policy implications of our empirical results. Because there may be age-specific benefits of programs to save statistical lives, instead of valuing the lives of the elderly at less than the young, health policymakers should more correctly value the lives of the elderly at as much as twice the young because of relatively greater consumption lost when accidental death occurs.

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