scholarly journals Influence of nutrient status on the response of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to oil and dispersant

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0259506
Author(s):  
Manoj Kamalanathan ◽  
Jessica Hillhouse ◽  
Noah Claflin ◽  
Talia Rodkey ◽  
Andrew Mondragon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Limitation ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Nitrogen Limitation ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Almost All

Phytoplankton play a central role in our ecosystems, they are responsible for nearly 50 percent of the global primary productivity and major drivers of macro-elemental cycles in the ocean. Phytoplankton are constantly subjected to stressors, some natural such as nutrient limitation and some manmade such as oil spills. With increasing oil exploration activities in coastal zones in the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere, an oil spill during nutrient-limited conditions for phytoplankton growth is highly likely. We performed a multifactorial study exposing the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (UTEX 646) to oil and/or dispersants under nitrogen and silica limitation as well as co-limitation of both nutrients. Our study found that treatments with nitrogen limitation (-N and–N-Si) showed overall lower growth and chlorophyll a, lower photosynthetic antennae size, lower maximum photosynthetic efficiency, lower protein in exopolymeric substance (EPS), but higher connectivity between photosystems compared to non-nitrogen limited treatments (-Si and +N+Si) in almost all the conditions with oil and/or dispersants. However, certain combinations of nutrient limitation and oil and/or dispersant differed from this trend indicating strong interactive effects. When analyzed for significant interactive effects, the–N treatment impact on cellular growth in oil and oil plus dispersant conditions; and oil and oil plus dispersant conditions on cellular growth in–N-Si and–N treatments were found to be significant. Overall, we demonstrate that nitrogen limitation can affect the oil resistant trait of P. tricornutum, and oil with and without dispersants can have interactive effects with nutrient limitation on this diatom.

scholarly journals Main Development Problems of Vulnerability Mapping of Sea-Coastal Zones to Oil Spills

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Shavykin ◽  
Andrey Karnatov
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Vulnerability Mapping ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Main Development ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Relative Vulnerability

Vulnerability mapping of sea-coastal zones is an important element of oil spill response plans, environmental support for offshore projects, and the integrated management of the marine environment. The creation of such maps is a complex scientific problem. In their development, it is necessary to take into account differences in the nature of biotic and abiotic components existing in the cartographic area, dissimilarities in their relative vulnerability and significance, the seasonal variability of ecosystem components, and other factors. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the main elements of international and Russian methods of mapping the vulnerability of sea-coastal zones to oil spills, and the development problems of such maps, including problems of using rank (ordinal) values, and to note possible solutions. Based on the analysis of key existing international and Russian approaches to vulnerability mapping, it was concluded that almost all methods of map calculations use rank (ordinal) values. However, arithmetic operations cannot be performed with them, as they lead to incorrect results. The paper shortly describes the main problems of mapping the vulnerability of sea-coastal zones to oil (the choice of the map scales and season limits for them, differences in the units of biota abundance, the calculation of relative vulnerability coefficients for the considered biotic components, the summation of the vulnerability of objects of different types, etc.). For some problems, possible solutions are outlined.

scholarly journals Metabolic response of Botryococcus braunii to high bicarbonate dosages and other conditions: analysis of photosynthetic performance, productivity, and lipidomic profile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Néstor David Giraldo ◽  
Sandra Marcela Correa ◽  
Andrés Arbeláez ◽  
Felix L. Figueroa ◽  
Rigoberto Ríos-Estepa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Limitation ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Lipid Productivity ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

AbstractIn this study the metabolic responses of Botryococcus braunii were analyzed upon different inorganic carbon dosages and nutrient limitation conditions in terms of lipid and biomass productivity, as well as photosynthetic performance. The nutritional schemes evaluated included different levels of sodium bicarbonate and nitrogen and phosphorus starvation, which were contrasted against standard cultures fed with CO2. Bicarbonate was found to be an advantageous carbon source since high dosages caused a significant increase in biomass and lipid productivity, in addition to an enhanced photosynthetic quantum yield and neutral lipids abundance. This contrasts to the commonly used approach of microalgae nutrient limitation, which leads to high lipid accumulation at the expense of impaired cellular growth, causing a decline in overall lipid productivity. The lipidome analysis served to hypothesize about the influence of the nutritional context on B. braunii structural and storage lipid metabolism, besides the adaptive responses exhibited by cells that underwent nutrient stress.

scholarly journals Orchestration of transcriptome, proteome and metabolome in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum during nitrogen limitation

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse M. Remmers ◽  
Sarah D'Adamo ◽  
Dirk E. Martens ◽  
Ric C.H. de Vos ◽  
Roland Mumm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Nitrogen Limitation

scholarly journals Mapping of Ecological Vulnerability of Sea-Coastal Zones to Oil Spills: A Preliminary Method Applied to Kola Bay, the Barents Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Shavykin ◽  
Andrey Karnatov
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Ecological Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Maps ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Spilled Oil

Preparedness for oil spill response is a challenge for many coastal countries. Responders are unable to take effective action unless maps that indicate areas with different vulnerability to oil pollution are available. Such maps, developed in many countries, are usually based on calculations with rank (ordinal) values. However, arithmetic operations with them cannot be allowed. The article describes a method of constructing maps using metric values. The calculations take into account the biomass and the quantity of important biota components, especially significant socio-economic objects and protected areas. The biota distribution densities are represented in the identical units. The vulnerability factors are assessed based on the potential impact of spilled oil on biota, as well as its sensitivity and recoverability after disturbance. The proposed method takes into account the different sensitivity of biota inhabiting in the water column and on the sea surface. Oil vulnerability maps for Kola Bay using the proposed algorithm are presented.

Oil Spill Simulations and Susceptibility in Coastal and Estuarine Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 396 ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Barbosa Monteiro ◽  
Phelype Haron Oleinik ◽  
Bruno Vasconcellos Lopes ◽  
Thalita Fagundes Leal ◽  
Osmar Olinto Möller Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
Estuarine Region ◽  
Modelling System ◽  
Oil Particles

A modelling system was utilised to simulate the movement and behaviour of oil slicks for two types of hydrocarbons, a diesel and another residual, considering hydrodynamic variations. Susceptible areas to oil touching were found in adjacent regions of two vessel manoeuvring zones, in two types of zones, one in a marine coastal and another in an estuarine environment. The evaporation rates were calculated for an estimate of the mass losses. For the maritime zone, the oil particles reached the vicinity of the beaches in approximately 4 to 8 hours after the beginning of the spill simulations, while for the estuary in approximately 1 hour. For the scenarios with diesel oil, mass losses oscillated between 13 to 16% in the estuarine region, and between 23 and 29% in the marine coastal zones. The evaporation rates for scenarios with residual oil, between 2 and 5%, were considerably lower than for diesel (15 and 22%), especially for spills simulated in the estuarine region, where the oil particles reached the lagoon banks after 1 hour. Mass losses by evaporation were more intense in marine coastal areas than for oil spills simulated in estuarine regions, possibly due to the more intense hydrodynamic conditions and the longer time that the oil needs to reach the coast. The fluctuations of observed environmental conditions justify the need for a robust number of simulations for reducing the uncertainties related to the oceanographic and meteorological variability that affect oil spill movement.

scholarly journals Recurring urothelial carcinomas show genomic rearrangements incompatible with a direct relationship

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour-Al-Dain Marzouka ◽  
David Lindgren ◽  
Pontus Eriksson ◽  
Gottfrid Sjödahl ◽  
Carina Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Driver Gene ◽  
Bladder Tumors ◽  
Genomic Alterations ◽  
Urothelial Carcinomas ◽  
Genomic Analyses ◽  
Muscle Invasive ◽  
Almost All

Abstract We used the fact that patients with non-muscle invasive bladder tumors show local recurrences and multiple tumors to study re-initiation of tumor growth from the same urothelium. By extensive genomic analyses we show that tumors from the same patient are clonal. We show that gross genomic chromosomal aberrations may be detected in one tumor, only to be undetected in a recurrent tumor. By analyses of incompatible changes i.e., genomic alterations that cannot be reversed, we show that almost all tumors from a single patient may show such changes, thus the tumors cannot have originated from each other. As recurring tumors share both genomic alterations and driver gene mutations, these must have been present in the urothelium in periods with no tumor growth. We present a model that includes a growing and evolving field of urothelial cells that occasionally, and locally, produce bursts of cellular growth leading to overt tumors.

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