The 17D-204 Vaccine Strain-Induced Protection against Virulent Yellow Fever Virus Is Mediated by Humoral Immunity and CD4+ but not CD8+ T Cells

Abstract Monitoring the frequency of circulatory CXCR5+ (cCXCR5+) CD4+ T cells in periphery blood provides a potential biomarker to draw inferences about T follicular helper (TFH) activity within germinal center. However, cCXCR5+ T cells are highly heterogeneous in their expression of ICOS, PD1 and CD38 and the relationship between different cCXCR5 subsets as delineated by these markers remains unclear. We applied class II tetramer reagents and mass cytometry to investigate the ontogeny of different subsets of cCXCR5+ T cell following yellow fever immunization. Through unsupervised analyses of mass cytometry data, we show yellow fever virus-specific cCXCR5 T cells elicited by vaccination were initially CD38+ICOS+PD1+, but then transitioned to become CD38+ICOS−PD1+ and CD38−ICOS−PD1+ before coming to rest as a CD38−ICOS−PD1− subset. These results imply that most antigen-specific cCXCR5+ T cells, including the CD38−ICOS−PD1− CXCR5+ T cells are derived from the CXCR5+CD38+ICOS+PD1+ subset, the subset that most resembles preTFH/TFH in the germinal center.

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Differential cytokine responses from primary human Kupffer cells following infection with wild-type or vaccine strain yellow fever virus

Virology ◽

10.1016/j.virol.2011.01.012 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 412 (1) ◽

pp. 188-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Sara E. Woodson ◽

Alexander N. Freiberg ◽

Michael R. Holbrook

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Vaccine Strain ◽

Kupffer Cells ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Wild Type ◽

Cytokine Responses

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Location of a neutralization determinant in the E protein of yellow fever virus (17D vaccine strain)

Virology ◽

10.1016/0042-6822(87)90141-3 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 161 (2) ◽

pp. 474-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

M. Lobigs ◽

L. Dalgarno ◽

J.J. Schlesinger ◽

R.C. Weir

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Vaccine Strain ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Fever Virus ◽

E Protein

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Yellow fever virus isolated from a fatal post vaccination event: an experimental comparative study with the 17DD vaccine strain in the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822004000700011 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 37 (suppl 2) ◽

pp. 69-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sueli Guerreiro Rodrigues ◽

Amélia Paes de Andrade Travassos da Rosa ◽

Ricardo Galler ◽

Vera Lúcia Reis de Souza Barros ◽

Conceição de Maria Almeida Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Vaccine Strain ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Mesocricetus Auratus ◽

Virus Antigen ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Wild Type ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

The Brain ◽

Virus Strains

In order to investigate the pathogenicity of the virus strain GOI 4191 that was isolated from a fatal adverse event after yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccination, an experimental assay using hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) as animal model and YFV 17DD vaccine strain as virus reference was accomplished. The two virus strains were inoculated by intracerebral, intrahepatic and subcutaneous routes. The levels of viremia, antibody response, and aminotransferases were determined in sera; while virus, antigen and histopathological changes were determined in the viscera. No viremia was detected for either strain following infection; the immune response was demonstrated to be more effective to strain GOI 4191; and no significant aminotransferase levels alterations were detected. Strain GOI 4191 was recovered only from the brain of animals inoculated by the IC route. Viral antigens were detected in liver and brain by immunohistochemical assay. Histothological changes in the viscera were characterized by inflammatory infiltrate, hepatocellular necrosis, and viral encephalitis. Histological alterations and detection of viral antigen were observed in the liver of animals inoculated by the intrahepatic route. These findings were similar for both strains used in the experiment; however, significant differences were observed from those results previously reported for wild type YFV strains.

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Development of a Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay for Global Differentiation of Yellow Fever Virus Vaccine-Related Adverse Events from Natural Infections

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.00323-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Holly R. Hughes ◽

Brandy J. Russell ◽

Eric C. Mossel ◽

John Kayiwa ◽

Julius Lutwama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Real Time ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Vaccine Strain ◽

Reverse Transcription ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Wild Type ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr

ABSTRACT Yellow fever (YF) is a reemerging public health threat, with frequent outbreaks prompting large vaccination campaigns in regions of endemicity in Africa and South America. Specific detection of vaccine-related adverse events is resource-intensive, time-consuming, and difficult to achieve during an outbreak. To address this, we have developed a highly transferable rapid yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccine-specific real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay that distinguishes vaccine from wild-type lineages. The assay utilizes a specific hydrolysis probe that includes locked nucleic acids to enhance specific discrimination of the YFV17D vaccine strain genome. Promisingly, sensitivity and specificity analyses reveal this assay to be highly specific to vaccine strain(s) when tested on clinical samples and YFV cell culture isolates of global origin. Taken together, our data suggest the utility of this assay for use in laboratories of varied capacity for the identification and differentiation of vaccine-related adverse events from wild-type infections of both African and South American origin.

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Refractoriness of Indian Aedes aegypti to Oral Infection with Yellow Fever Virus 17D Strain

Defence Life Science Journal ◽

10.14429/dlsj.1.10740 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

Paban Kumar Dash ◽

Ankita Agarwal ◽

Devanathan Sukumaran ◽

Manmohan Parida

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Vaccine Strain ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Vector Competence ◽

High Titer ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Minimal Risk ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Health Significance ◽

Bioterrorism Agent

Yellow fever virus (YFV) is the causative agent of yellow fever. It is one of the most important hemorrhagic arboviral infection of global public health significance. It is categorised under category ‘C’ of potential bioterrorism agent. Effect of geographical variation on vector competence in Ae. aegypti has been well documented for several viruses including YFV. In the present study, the vector competence of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes collected from Gwalior, India for YFV 17D vaccine strain was evaluated to understand the risk of its transmission. Further the risk associated with transmission of YFV 17D vaccine strain from viremic vaccinees to mosquitoes and subsequently to naive individuals was assessed. Ae. aegypti were orally infected with high titer of YFV 17D strain and the infection status was investigated at 7 and 14 day post infection (dpi) using a highly sensitive quantitative RT-PCR assay. None of the Ae. aegypti mosquito orally infected with YFV 17D strain was found to be positive for YFV. The infection rate was found to be zero per cent at both 7 dpi and 14 dpi. These results demonstrated the inability of the YFV 17D strain to cause infection or replication in the midgut of Ae. aegypti. Due to the highly attenuated replication of this strain in Ae. aegypti midgut, there is a minimal risk of its transmission. Further, it is unlikely for a mosquito that feeds on a viremic vaccine to get infected with this vaccine strain. The risk of transmission of YFV 17D strain by Indian Ae. aegypti mosquitoes is negligible. Further vector competence study using epidemic strain of YFV will aid in risk assessment analysis of YFV in India.

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