scholarly journals Intraindividual Stability of Human Erythrocyte Cholinesterase Activity

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1358-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee J Lefkowitz ◽  
Joseph M Kupina ◽  
Nigel L Hirth ◽  
Rachel M Henry ◽  
Georgia Y Noland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Medical Surveillance ◽  
Intraindividual Variation ◽  
Us Army ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Medical Laboratory Technician

Abstract Background: Erythrocyte cholinesterase (RBC-ChE) activities serve as useful and sensitive biomarkers to monitor exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting substances, such as chemical warfare nerve agents and pesticides. Although the interindividual variation of RBC-ChE is well characterized, the magnitude of intraindividual variation for RBC-ChE remains controversial. An accurate measure of intraindividual variation is critical for establishing the appropriate frequency of RBC-ChE testing. Methods: We retrospectively tracked the intraindividual variation of RBC-ChE activities among 46 male nerve agent workers from a single US Army depot that participated in a medical surveillance program requiring periodic RBC-ChE monitoring. All RBC-ChE analysis was performed by the same medical laboratory technician by the delta pH method. Results: A mean of 38 and a median of 37 RBC-ChE measurements were available for each worker. The mean duration of employment for these workers was 20 years (median, 21 years). The mean CV for RBC-ChE in this set of 46 workers was 3.9%. Linear regression analysis of the data for each worker resulted in a mean slope of 0.0010 delta pH units/h per year. Conclusions: RBC-ChE activities increased in each person by a mean of 0.01 delta pH units/h every 10 years, which is a negligible rate. These findings highlight the stability of RBC-ChE activities over time in a given individual and may have important policy implications regarding the appropriate frequency of RBC-ChE testing.

scholarly journals The volume of general surgery emergency cases in a government hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic and two other periods: a comparative, retrospective study

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Abu Shakra ◽  
Maxim Bez ◽  
Samer Ganam ◽  
Rola Francis ◽  
Amir Muati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Government Hospital ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Medical Emergencies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Surgery Department ◽  
Second Lebanon War

Abstract Background During March and April 2020, reductions in non-COVID-19 hospital admissions were observed around the world. Elective surgeries, visits with general practitioners, and diagnoses of medical emergencies were consequently delayed. Objective To compare the characteristics of patients admitted to a northern Israeli hospital with common surgical complaints during three periods: the lockdown due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the Second Lebanon War in 2006, and a regular period. Methods Demographic, medical, laboratory, imaging, intraoperative, and pathological data were collected from electronic medical files of patients who received emergency treatment at the surgery department of a single hospital in northern Israel. We retrospectively compared the characteristics of patients who were admitted with various conditions during three periods. Results Patients’ mean age and most of the clinical parameters assessed were similar between the periods. However, pain was reportedly higher during the COVID-19 than the control period (8.7 vs. 6.4 on a 10-point visual analog scale, P < 0.0001). During the COVID-19 outbreak, the Second Lebanon War, and the regular period, the mean numbers of patients admitted daily were 1.4, 4.4, and 3.0, respectively. The respective mean times from the onset of symptoms until admission were 3, 1, and 1.5 days, P < 0.001. The respective proportions of surgical interventions for appendiceal disease were 95%, 96%, and 69%; P = 0.03. Conclusions Compared to a routine period, patients during the COVID-19 outbreak waited longer before turning to hospitalization, and reported more pain at arrival. Patients during both emergency periods were more often treated surgically than non-operatively.

scholarly journals Happiness, quality of working life, and job satisfaction among nurses working in emergency departments in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Javanmardnejad ◽  
Razieh Bandari ◽  
Majideh Heravi-Karimooi ◽  
Nahid Rejeh ◽  
Hamid Sharif Nia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Quality Of Working Life ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Nurses have a vital role in the healthcare system. One of the basic steps to increase their happiness is to recognize factors such as job satisfaction and quality of working life. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to examine the relationship between happiness and quality of working life and job satisfaction among nursing personnel. Methods This descriptive study was carried out on 270 hospital nurses who worked in emergency departments in Iran. Nurses were recruited through the census method. Data collection instruments included the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI), the Quality of Work Life Questionnaire (QWL), and the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (JSQ). Data were explored using descriptive statistics, and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Results The mean age of participants was 30.1 ± 6.26 years. The mean happiness score was 38.5 ± 16.22, the mean Quality of Working Life (QWL) score was 84.3 ± 17.62, and the mean job satisfaction score was found to be 45.5 ± 13.57); corresponding to moderate levels of attributes. The results obtained from the ordinary least-square (OLS) regression indicated that happiness significantly was associated with economic status and satisfaction with closure (R2: 0.38). Conclusion Overall the current study found that nurses who work in emergency departments did not feel happy. Additionally, the findings suggest that their happiness were associated with their economic status, and closure over their duties.

The impact of legs fat mass and legs lean fat mass on thigh circumference according cardiovascular risk: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Chlabicz ◽  
M Paniczko ◽  
J Jamolkowski ◽  
P Sowa ◽  
M Lapinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Thigh Circumference ◽  
Tissue Model ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Medical University of Bialystok, Poland Introduction A low thigh circumference is associated with an increased risk of high blood pressure, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and total mortality. Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the thigh circumference and cardiovascular (CV) risk classes, and to assess what type of tissue, adipose tissue or muscle tissue affects the thigh circumference. Methods The longitudinal, population-based, Polish study was conducted in 2017-2020. A total of 931 individuals aged 20-79 were analyzed. Pol-SCORE system was used to assess the 10-year risk of fatal CV based on the following risk factors: age, gender, smoking, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol for individuals aged 40-70.  Then, CV risk classes were assessed using the 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines. The measurement of thigh circumference were performed directly below the gluteal fold of the thigh. Both thighs were measured and the mean value was calculated as the final thigh circumference. Body composition was assessed using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Results The mean age was 49.1 ± 15.5 years and 43.2% male. The mean thigh circumference was 58.2 ± 5.9 cm, the mean legs fat mass was 7.7 ± 2.8kg, and the mean legs lean mass was 16.9 ± 4.0kg. Lower thigh circumference was associated with higher CV risk classes in univariate linear regression analysis (β -0.516, p = 0.002), as well adjusted by age and sex (β -0.839, p = 0.008), adjusted by age, sex, BMI (β -0.886, p &lt;0.001), and age, sex, WHR (β -0.988, p &lt;0.001). In linear regression analysis legs adipose tissue and muscle tissue were related to the thigh circumference independently of CV risk classes (Model 1) and Pol-SCORE value (Model 2). However, fatty tissue (Model 1: β 0.746, p &lt; 0.001; Model 2: β 0.749, p &lt; 0.001) affects the thigh circumference more than the muscle tissue (Model 1: β 0.479, p &lt; 0.001; Model 2: β 0.442, p &lt; 0.001) (Fig. 1). Conclusion Smaller thigh circumference was associated with higher CV risk classes. Thigh circumference was more influenced by adipose tissue than by muscle tissue, regardless of the Pol-SCORE  or CV risk classes. Table 1. Variable Model 1 Model 2 Beta p R2 Beta p R2 Legs fat mass 0.746 &lt;0.001 0.785 0.749 &lt;0.001 0.760 Legs lean mass 0.479 &lt;0.001 0.785 0.442 &lt;0.001 0.760 Model 1: adjusted for Cardiovascular risk classesModel 2: adjusted for Pol-SCOREResults of the linear regression analysis thigh circumference in the general population Abstract Figure 1.

Reproducibility of osmotic and nonosmotic tests of vasopressin secretion in men

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (3) ◽  
pp. R533-R539 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Thompson ◽  
P. Selby ◽  
P. H. Baylis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Intraindividual Variation ◽  
Insulin Tolerance ◽  
Vasopressin Secretion ◽  
Hypertonic Saline Infusion

We have studied the reproducibility of the thirst and arginine vasopressin (AVP) responses to osmotic and hypoglycemic stimulation in healthy volunteers undergoing repeat hypertonic (855 mmol/l) saline infusion and insulin tolerance tests (ITTs). Hypertonic saline infusion caused similar mean rises in plasma osmolality, AVP, and thirst on each occasion. Linear-regression analysis defined close relationships between the slopes (r = +0.72, P less than 0.05) and the abscissal intercepts (r = +0.89, P less than 0.001) of the regression lines relating plasma osmolality (Posmol) and plasma AVP (PAVP), and the group intraindividual component of the variance for the slopes and intercepts was 7 and 0.6%, respectively. There were close correlations between the slopes (r = +0.79, P less than 0.02) and the intercepts (r = +0.84, P less than 0.01) of the regression lines relating Posmol and thirst, and group intraindividual component of the variance was 14 and 0.7%, respectively. Hypertonic saline infusion was infused on four occasions in four subjects, and the results showed that the linear regression lines relating PAVP and Posmol and thirst and Posmol were reproducible within an individual. There were similar falls in blood glucose and elevations in PAVP in both ITTs. No relationship was defined between the fall in blood glucose and either the rise in PAVP or the area under the AVP curve (AUC). The intraindividual component of the variance for the rise in AVP and the AUC was 77 and 22.5%, respectively. The AVP and thirst responses to osmotic stimulation are highly reproducible, but there is considerable intraindividual variation in the AVP response to hypoglycemia.

Non-invasive determination of the systolic peak-to-peak gradient in children with aortic stenosis: validation of a mathematical model

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter C. Lima ◽  
Evan Zahn ◽  
Christine Houde ◽  
Jeffrey Smallhorn ◽  
Robert M. Freedom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Congenital Aortic Valvar Stenosis ◽  
Peak Gradient

AbstractDoppler derived systolic pressure gradients have become widely applied as noninvasively obtained estimates of the severity of aortic valvar stenosis. There is little correlation, however, between the Doppler derived peak instantaneous gradient and the peak-to-peak gradient obtained at catheterisation, the latter being the most applied variable to determine severity in children. The purpose of this study was to validate a mathematical model based on data from catheterisation which estimates the peak-to-peak gradient from variables which can be obtained by noninvasive means (Doppler derived mean gradient and pulse pressure), according to the formula: peak-to-peak systolic gradient=6.02+1.49*(mean gradient)−0.44*(pulse pressure). Simultaneous cardiac catheterization and Doppler studies were performed on 10 patients with congenital aortic valvar stenosis. Correlations between the gradients measured at catheter measured, and those derived by Doppler, were performed using linear regression analysis. The mean gradients correlated well (y=0.67 × + 11.11, r=0.87, SEE=6 mm Hg, p=0.001). The gradients predicted by the formula also correlated well with the peak-to-peak gradients measured at catheter (y=0.66 × + 14.44, r=0.84, SEE=9 mm Hg, p=O.002). The data support the application of the model, allowing noninvasive prediction of the peak-to-peak gradient across the aortic valvar stenosis.

A modified sonographic technique for assessment of gastric emptying of liquid

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Intraindividual Variation ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
Ultrasound Monitoring ◽  
Gastric Emptying Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antral Area ◽  
Emptying Time

Purpose: Ultrasound scanning is replacing scintigraphy in studies of gastric emptying of liquid, but both have considerable day-to-day variability. This study describes a modified ultrasound technique for assessing gastric emptying of liquid, and evaluates the inter- and intraindividual variation in emptying time. Material and Methods: On different days, each of 12 healthy volunteers had meals of 350 ml broth. The antral area was measured at sonography 5 times before the meal as a baseline, and every 1–4 min after the meal. The time until the antral area had decreased to 150% of baseline (T150) was determined and used as surrogate expression of gastric emptying time. Results: The mean T150 for a broth meal was 12.6 min (range 5–21) and 13.5 min (6–23) (first and second meal, respectively). The standard deviation of the differences between the 12 pairs of repeated measurements was 3.1 min and the coefficient of variation was 24%. Conclusion: Ultrasound monitoring of antral size after a liquid meal is a well suited method for assessing gastric emptying of liquid.

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