Beyond the Big Five: The Dark Triad and the Supernumerary Personality Inventory

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Veselka ◽  
Julie Aitken Schermer ◽  
Philip A. Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
General Factor Of Personality ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
Correlated Factors

The Dark Triad of personality, comprising Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy, was investigated in relation to the Supernumerary Personality Inventory (SPI) traits, because both sets of variables are predominantly distinct from the Big Five model of personality. Correlational and principal factor analyses were conducted to assess the relations between the Dark Triad and SPI traits. Multivariate behavioral genetic model-fitting analyses were also conducted to determine the correlated genetic and/or environmental underpinnings of the observed phenotypic correlations. Participants were 358 monozygotic and 98 same-sex dizygotic adult twin pairs from North America. As predicted, results revealed significant correlations between the Dark Triad and most SPI traits, and these correlations were primarily attributable to common genetic and non-shared environmental factors, except in the case of Machiavellianism, where shared environmental effects emerged. Three correlated factors were extracted during joint factor analysis of the Dark Triad and SPI traits, as well as a heritable general factor of personality — results that clarified the structure of the Dark Triad construct. It is concluded that the Dark Triad represents an exploitative and antisocial construct that extends beyond the Big Five model and shares a theoretical space with the SPI traits.

Evidence for a Heritable General Factor of Personality in Two Studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Veselka ◽  
Julie Aitken Schermer ◽  
K. V. Petrides ◽  
Philip Anthony Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
General Factor Of Personality ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractTwo studies were conducted to see whether a general factor of personality (GFP) could be extracted from different measures of personality. Using samples of twins in both studies also allowed an assessment of the extent to which genetic and/ or environmental factors contributed to individual differences in the GFPs that were found. In Study 1, principal components analysis of the Big Five personality traits in combination with four scales of mental toughness yielded a strong GFP and behavior genetic model-fitting showed that individual differences in this GFP were fully accounted for by genetic and nonshared environmental factors. In Study 2, a GFP was extracted from the Big Five traits in combination with 15 facets of emotional intelligence. Individual differences in this GFP were also fully accounted for by genetic and nonshared environmental factors. These studies add to the growing body of research demonstrating the existence of a GFP and replicate one previous report of its heritability.

scholarly journals A General Factor of Personality From Multitrait–Multimethod Data and Cross–National Twins

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Philippe Rushton ◽  
Trudy Ann Bons ◽  
Juko Ando ◽  
Yoon-Mi Hur ◽  
Paul Irwing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
General Factor ◽  
School Students ◽  
General Factor Of Personality ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure

AbstractIn three studies, a General Factor of Personality (GFP) was found to occupy the apex of the hierarchical structure. In Study 1, a GFP emerged independent of method variance and accounted for 54% of the reliable variance in a multitrait–multimethod assessment of 391 Italian high school students that used self-, teacher-, and parent-ratings on the Big Five Questionnaire — Children. In Study 2, a GFP was found in the seven dimensions of Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory as well as the Big Five of the NEO PI-R, with the GFPtci correlatingr= .72 with the GFPneo. These results indicate that the GFP is practically the same in both test batteries, and its existence does not depend on being extracted using the Big Five model. The GFP accounted for 22% of the total variance in these trait measures, which were assessed in 651 pairs of 14- to 30-year-old Japanese twins. In Study 3, a GFP accounted for 32% of the total variance in nine scales derived from the NEO PI-R, the Humor Styles Questionnaire, and the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire assessed in 386 pairs of 18- to 74-year-old Canadian and U.S. twins. The GFP was found to be 50% heritable with high scores indicating openness, conscientiousness, sociability, agreeableness, emotional stability, good humor and emotional intelligence. The possible evolutionary origins of the GFP are discussed.

Friendship Network Satisfaction: A multifaceted construct scored as a unidimensional scale

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110256
Author(s):  
Victor A. Kaufman ◽  
Jacqueline C. Perez ◽  
Steven P. Reise ◽  
Thomas N. Bradbury ◽  
Benjamin R. Karney
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Well Being ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Friendship Network ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Factor Modeling ◽  
Correlated Factors ◽  
Unidimensional Scale

Although satisfying friendships are crucial for well-being throughout adulthood, measures of friendship satisfaction have been limited by: (1) item content relevant to children only, (2) a focus on single relationships rather than the friendship network, and (3) disagreement about the number of dimensions necessary to capture the construct. To overcome these limitations, we assembled an item pool from a number of existing measures, created additional items drawn from research on friendships, and then examined the structure and psychometric properties of those items in two online surveys of over 2000 respondents each. Factor analyses consistently identified two correlated factors—closeness and socializing—but bi-factor modeling revealed that scores on both subscales load strongly on a general factor, suggesting that the multifaceted content can be scored efficiently as a unidimensional composite. Analyses using item response theory (IRT) supported the creation of a reliable 14-item instrument that demonstrated adequate convergent and predictive validity. Thus, the Friendship Network Satisfaction (FNS) Scale is a psychometrically sound tool to advance research on friendships across the lifespan.

scholarly journals A darker shade of love: Machiavellianism and positive assortative mating based on romantic ideals

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Ináncsi ◽  
András Láng ◽  
Tamás Bereczkei
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
Positive Assortative Mating ◽  
Ideal Standards ◽  
Cynical View ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Three Components

Machiavellianism is a personality trait that is characterized by manipulative and exploitative attitude toward others, lack of empathy, and a cynical view of human nature. In itself or as part of the Dark Triad it has been the target of several studies investigating romantic relations. Nevertheless, the relationship between Machiavellianism and romantic ideals has not been revealed yet. An undergraduate sample of 143 (92 females) with an average age of 19.83 years (SD = 1.51 years) filled out self-report measures of Machiavellianism (Mach-IV Scale) and romantic ideals (Ideal Standards Scale and NEO-FFI-IDEAL). According to our results, Machiavellianism correlated negatively with the importance of partner’s warmth-trustworthiness, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and with the importance of intimacy and loyalty in their ideal relationships. Machiavellianism correlated positively with the ideal partner’s possession over status and resources. Explorative factor analysis revealed three components of ideal partner’s characteristics. Machiavellianism loaded significantly on two out of three components. Results are discussed with regard to Ideal Standards Model and the Big Five model of personality.

scholarly journals How Universal Is the General Factor of Personality? An Analysis of the Big Five in Forager Farmers of the Bolivian Amazon

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1081-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri van der Linden ◽  
Curtis S. Dunkel ◽  
Aurelio Jose Figueredo ◽  
Michael Gurven ◽  
Christopher von Rueden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Social Effectiveness ◽  
General Factor Of Personality ◽  
Bolivian Amazon ◽  
Interviewer Ratings ◽  
Personality Models

In various personality models, such as the Big Five, a consistent higher order general factor of personality (GFP) can be identified. One view in the literature is that the GFP reflects general social effectiveness. Most GFP studies, however, have been conducted in Western, educated, industrialized, and rich democracies (WEIRD). Therefore, to address the question of the universality of the GFP, we test whether the GFP can also be identified in a preliterate indigenous sample of Tsimane by using self-reports, spouse reports, and interviewer ratings. In the Tsimane, a viable GFP could be identified and the intercorrelations between personality traits were significantly stronger than in samples from industrial countries. The GFP correlated with the ratings of social engagement. In addition, self and spouse ratings of the GFP overlapped. Overall, the findings are in line with the notion that the GFP is a human universal and a substantive personality factor reflecting social effectiveness.

The General Factor of Personality: The relationship between the Big One and the Dark Triad

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Marcin Kowalski ◽  
Philip A. Vernon ◽  
Julie Aitken Schermer
Keyword(s):  
Dark Triad ◽  
General Factor ◽  
General Factor Of Personality ◽  
The Relationship

Criterion-related validity of a Big Five general factor of personality from the TIPI to the IPIP

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary N. Burns ◽  
Megan B. Morris ◽  
David A. Periard ◽  
David LaHuis ◽  
Nicholas M. Flannery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
General Factor ◽  
General Factor Of Personality
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