Why Students Prefer “Business Administration Education”?

This chapter aims to identify the factors that are effective in the decisions of business students to choose this department. For this purpose, motivating factors for personality and work life were preferred in the study and questions were prepared in this direction. A and B type personality structures were preferred for the personality factor. The motivating factors for business life examined under three headings as occupational prestige/status, earning potential, potential of occupational advancement. The sample of the research consists of the senior year undergraduate students in the Department of the Business Administration from different universities. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview technique. In the research, a total of 25 students were interviewed on an online platform. In the results of the research, personality type tendencies of the students were revealed, and it was observed that factors such as prestigious job, status, high income, career progression, family, and personality influence their preferences of the business administration department.

The Ratio of the Extraversion and Fluid Intelligence Levels as a Predictor of the Operators’ Successful Professional Activity

Results: To study the relationship between the ratio of the extraversion and fluid intelligence levels with the success of the professional activity of the nuclear power plants (NPP) operators. Material and methods: This paper analyzes the results of psychodiagnostic examinations of operators of main control rooms of NPPs that functioned under normal conditions. All individuals were administered the J. Raven's “Progressive matrices”, the Russian language adaptation of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF, form A). Cross-peer review using the ranking method identified 5 groups of operators with different levels of professional success (from markedly reduced to high). Results: Using factor analysis, the dimension of the data matrix obtained during the surveys was reduced. Correlation analysis showed that out of 9 identified factors, only 2 had a statistically significant correlation with the success of professional activity, namely, the factors of extraversion (negative relationship) and intelligence (positive relationship). Based on these two factors, an automatic classification of operators was carried out using cluster analysis, as a result of which 5 classes of operators were identified. It was shown that classes A and B with a predominance of the extraversion factor included mainly (79 %) operators with a level of professional success below average. On the contrary, classes C, D and E with a predominance of the intelligence factor consisted mainly (81 %) of operators with average and above average levels of professional success. It is noteworthy that the average value of intelligence factor in one of the classes consisting of operators, advantageously with lower professional success rate (class B) was the same or even 10 T-scores higher in comparison with the classes represented mainly by operators whose success rate was assessed from medium to high. Conclusion: Factors of extraversion and intelligence are associated with the quality of performance of professional duties by the NPP control room operators under normal operating conditions. At the same time, the success of their professional activity depends not so much on the quantitative values for these factors, but on their ratio, namely: the predominance of the intelligence factor is prognostically favorable.

Associations Between Openness Facets, Prejudice, and Tolerance: A Scoping Review With Meta-Analysis

The personality factor of openness to experience, which encompasses curiosity, imagination, and a desire for new experiences, has been associated negatively with prejudice and positively with the closely related value of tolerance. While these relationships have been reviewed at the factor level, there has been no review of research at the lower facet level. This review aims to uncover the relationships between the facets of openness and the constructs of prejudice and tolerance. We conducted a preregistered scoping review with meta-analysis following the recommended guidelines from Joanna Briggs Institute. A total of 2,349 articles were reviewed, with 16 primary research articles (or 17 studies) meeting the criteria for inclusion. Aggregated effect sizes via random-effect meta-analysis revealed that all revised neuroticism-extraversion-openness personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) and international personality item pool (IPIP)-based facets of openness significantly predicted prejudice and tolerance. Out of the three measures [i.e., NEO-PI-R, IPIP-NEO, and honesty-humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience personality inventory (HEXACO-PI), and the facets of openness examined], the NEO-PI-R facet of value was most strongly associated with prejudice. In contrast, the NEO-PI-R facet of aesthetics was the facet most strongly associated with tolerance. However, these results should be treated as preliminary in light of the small number of meta-analyzed studies and more primary research studies are needed to confirm the trends found in this review. This review represents the first step in the systematic investigation of the link between the facets of openness and components of prejudice and tolerance and contributes toward explaining prejudice and tolerance.

A primer Sjögren-szindróma pszichológiai vonatkozásai

Összefoglaló. A primer Sjögren-szindróma (pSS) krónikus autoimmun betegség, melynek elsődleges tünetei az exokrin mirigyeket érintő autoimmun folyamat következtében létrejövő szem- és szájszárazság, szisztémás manifesztációi között pedig a leggyakoribbak a szellemi és fizikai fáradtság és az ízületi fájdalmak. A betegség lélektani vonatkozásait nagy érdeklődés övezi; közleményünk a vonatkozó kutatási eredményeket foglalja össze a hátterükben húzódó pszichoneuroimmunmodulációs háttér rövid bemutatásával. A pSS pszichológiai tényezői közt a legrégebben vizsgáltak a depresszió és a szorongás. Ezek jelentős hatással vannak a betegek életminőségére, jóllétére, kognitív funkcióira, sőt a betegség aktivitására is. Bemutatjuk továbbá a stressz és a megküzdési stratégiák jellegzetes mintázatait pSS-ben, amelyek közt a betegségre jellemző maladaptív stratégiák a legjelentősebbek a patogenezis megértése és a kezelés szempontjából. Ilyenek a tagadás, a hasítás és a helyettesítés. Kitérünk a Sjögren-szindrómát kísérő személyiségjellemzőkre is, amely ígéretes terület, de kevés adat áll rendelkezésünkre; az eddigi vizsgálatok alapján a neuroticismus a leginkább pSS-re jellemző tényező. A kognitív funkciók érintettségének összefoglalása és az egyéb pszichológiai tényezők (szellemi fáradtság, szexualitás, testképzavar, életminőség) összegzése után egyértelműen levonható a következtetés, hogy a Sjögren-szindróma nemcsak biológiai, hanem pszichés, pszichoszociális és szociális jelenségszinteken is okoz zavarokat, tüneteket. Ezért rendkívül fontos a betegség biopszichoszociális szemléletű kezelése, a betegek aktív, intencionális részvétele a pSS-sel való megküzdésben. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(39): 1558–1566. Summary. Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is a chronic, autoimmune disorder. Primary symptoms are ocular and oral dryness as a of an autoimmune process affecting the exocrine glands. The most common systemic manifestations of the disease are mental and physical fatigue and arthralgia. Psychological features of pSS are studied with great interest; the present publication reviews the results of the related investigations alongside with the possible psychoneuroimmunomodulatory background. Among psychological factors in pSS, depression and anxiety have been studied the longest. These impact significantly the quality of life, wellbeing, cognitive functions and disease activity of the patients. Afterwards, we introduce the characteristic patterns of stress and coping mechanisms in pSS, among which maladaptive strategies, typical for the disorder are the most important regarding the pathogenesis and the therapy. These pSS-linked maladaptive strategies are denial, disengagement and focus and venting of emotions. As next, we give a summary about personality characteristics in pSS, which is a promising field to study, and yet very few related data are available; based on them, neuroticism seems to be the most common personality factor in Sjögren’s. After summarizing briefly cognitive functions and other psychological features (mental fatigue, sexuality, body image disturbance and quality of life), it is evident that pSS is determined not only by biological but also by psychological, psychosocial and social disturbances. Hence, treating pSS patients with a biopsychosocial perspective is crucial and so is the active and intentional participation of patients in their recovery. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(39): 1558–1566.

Comparison of personality factors among alcoholics and non-alcoholics attending a tertiary care center in Puducherry

Background: Alcohol consumption is a addictive behavior, which eventually leads to personality disorder, stress. However, in recent times it was noted that duration of alcohol consumption is an important factor for the changes in personality profile. Hence this study was conducted to assess the personality disorders among the person who started consuming alcohol in the past 1-5 years with those of non-alcoholics.Methods: This prospective cross sectional study was conducted to assess the personality profile among alcoholics and non-alcoholic individuals in the department of psychiatry in Sri Venkateshwara medical college hospital and research institute, Puducherry during the January 2019 to June 2019. A total of 80 participants with 40 alcohol consuming cases and 40 controls were included in this study. For assessing the personality disorder, 16 personality factor (PF) questionnaires were used.Results: Personality profile like factor F which represents liveliness and Q4 which represents primary factor regarding tension were found to be greatly affected among cases who consume alcohol compared to non-alcoholic controls.Conclusions: Significant changes noted in personality profile among cases who consume alcohol occurred within 1-5 years of starting alcohol consumption.

The Role of Self-Esteem and Perceived Parental Mediation in Cyberbullying

When access to information on the internet is expected to support the growth to adulthood, cyberbullying is instead becoming a threat to adolescents' psychological well-being. Parental mediation and self-esteem are considered as protective factors to youngsters from online risk. The present study examines whether self-esteem mediates the relationship between perceived parental mediation and cyberbullying. The study participants were 351 senior high school social students in Yogyakarta who are media and internet users. The data were collected using the Cyberbullying Scale (Cronbach’ α = 0.784), Self-Esteem Scale (Cronbach’ α = 0.766), and Perceived Parental Mediation Scale (Cronbach’ α = 0.656). Analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed that the proposed model was reached the goodness-of-fit ( = 53.711; df = 18; p = 0.001; RMSEA = 0.075; GFI= 0.964; CFI= 0.923). This study concluded that self-esteem partially mediated parental mediation and cyberbullying, with an indirect effect = -0.047 (p = 0.024; p<0.05). Self-esteem as the cognitive-personality factor and optimal parental mediation as environmental factors were considered to prevent adolescent cyberbullying. Therefore, we would recommend practitioners of educational, social, and clinical psychology to take the opportunity to involve self-esteem and parental mediation factors in intervention program design.

The Association between 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1B rs13212041 Polymorphism and Trait Anxiety in Chinese Han College Subjects

Trait anxiety is a vulnerable personality factor for anxiety and depression. High levels of trait anxiety confer an elevated risk for the development of anxiety and other psychiatric disorders. There is evidence that 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (5-HT1B) gene polymorphisms play an important role in emotional disorders. Genotyping for four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (rs11568817, rs130058, rs6297, and rs13212041) was conducted for 388 high trait anxious (HTA) individuals and 463 low traitanxious (LTA) individuals in Chinese Han college subjects. The results showed that the frequencies of the C-allele and TC + CC genotype of rs13212041 in the LTA individuals were higher than that in the HTA individuals (p = 0.025 and p = 0.014, respectively). Both the C-allele and TC + CC genotype were associated with trait anxiety decreasing (OR = 0.771 and OR = 0.71, respectively). Furthermore, different gene model analysis also showed that the C allele was a protective factor for trait anxiety in Chinese Han college subjects. These findings suggest that 5-HT1B rs13212014 may play a role in trait anxiety among China Han college subjects. The rs13212014 polymorphism may be involved in decreasing the risk of trait anxiety. These results also provide a novel insight into the molecular mechanism underlying trait anxiety.

Perfectionism, Motives, and Barriers to Exercise from a Person-Oriented Approach

Perfectionism is considered to be a significant personality factor within the sport and exercise field. However, very little is known about the reasons why individuals with different perfectionistic tendencies engage or not in physical activity. This study aims, from a person-oriented approach, to analyze if participation motives and barriers may differ among four perfectionistic profiles: Non-Perfectionists (low perfectionistic strivings, PS, and perfectionistic concerns, PC), Adaptive Perfectionists (high PS and low PC), Maladaptive Perfectionists (high PS and PC), and Moderate Perfectionists (moderate PS and PC). A sample composed of 597 (Mage = 22.08, SD = 3.33) undergraduates enrolled in a sport science degree from Ecuador participated in this study. Non-Perfectionists reported lower levels of motives, whereas Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionists reported higher scores on all participation motives. Significant and positive correlations were found between PS and both autonomous and controlled motives, whereas PC was positively correlated with controlled reasons and only significantly correlated with some autonomous reasons by the effect of PS. In terms of barriers, Maladaptive Perfectionists reported significantly higher scores on all barriers analyzed in comparison with the other three profiles, with moderate and large effect sizes. The results of the bivariate and partial correlations suggest that these inter-profile differences were explained by PC. Considering the results, it is advised to develop strategies to identify Maladaptive Perfectionists in order to increase their intrinsic reasons for practicing physical exercise, and to minimize their perceived barriers.

Cognitive Capacity Genome-wide Polygenic Scores Identify Individuals Resilient to Cognitive Decline in Aging

The genetic underpinnings of cognitive resilience in aging remains unknown. Predicting an individual’s rate of cognitive decline—or cognitive resilience—using genetics will allow personalized intervention for cognitive enhancement and optimal selection of target samples in clinical trials. Here, using genome-wide polygenic scores(GPS) of cognitive capacity as the genomic indicators for variations of human intelligence, we examined the genetic liability of cognitive abilities in the behavioral/cognitive phenome to understand individual phenotypic differences over time. We analyzed the 18-year records of the cross-sectional and longitudinal sociogenomic data of 8,511 European-ancestry adults from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), especially focusing on the cognitive assessments that were repeatedly administered to the participants at their average ages of 64.5 and 71.5. Our linear mixed-effects model identified a significant interaction effect between age and cognitive capacity GPS, which indicates that a higher cognitive capacity GPS significantly correlates with a slower cognitive decline in the domain of immediate memory recall (p-value = 1.79E-03, β = 1.86E-01). Also, the phenome-wide analysis identified several significant associations of cognitive capacity GPSs on the cognitive and behavioral phenome, such as Similarities task (p-value = 3.59E-74, β = 1.36, 95% CI=(1.22, 1.51)), Number Series task(p-value = 2.55E-78, β = 0.94, 95% CI=(0.85, 1.04)), IQ scores(p-value = 7.74E-179, β = 1.42, 95% CI=(1.32, 1.51)), high school class rank (p-value = 3.07E-101, β = 1.86, 95% CI=(1.69, 2.02), Openness from the BIG 5 personality factor(p-value = 2.19E-14, β = 0.57, 95% CI=(0.42, 0.71)), and social participation of reading books (p-value = 2.03E-21, β = 0.50, 95% CI=(0.40, 0.60)), attending cultural events, such as concerts, plays or museums (p-value = 2.06E-23, β = 0.60, 95% CI=(0.49, 0.72)), and watching TV (p-value = 4.16E-18, β=-0.48, 95% CI=(-0.59, -0.37)). As the first phenome-wide analysis of cognitive and behavioral phenotypes, this study presents the novel genetic protective effects of cognitive ability on the decline of memory recall in an aging population.