Family Care Availability And Implications For Informal And Formal Care Used By Adults With Dementia In The US

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1359-1367
Author(s):  
HwaJung Choi ◽  
Michele Heisler ◽  
Edward C. Norton ◽  
Kenneth M. Langa ◽  
Tsai-Chin Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Care ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
The Us ◽  
Care Availability

scholarly journals Parenting Stress and the Use of Formal and Informal Child Care: Associations for Fathers and Mothers

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 3203-3224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Craig ◽  
Brendan Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Employed Parents

We investigated relationships between nonparental care and psychological strains of parenthood. Using data from employed parents of children below 5 years of age ( n = 6,886 fathers and mothers) from Waves 4 to 11 of the household panel survey Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA), we constructed a parenting stress scale from the average of four items (α = .76) administered in the Self-Completion Questionnaire. We ran panel random-effects regression models testing associations between amount and type of nonparental care and parenting stress, for both mothers and fathers. We distinguished between formal care, informal and family care (mainly grandparents), and mixed care. Results showed that fathers and mothers’ parenting stress is positively associated with hours of nonparental care, but that for both genders parenting stress is significantly lower if the care is provided by informal/family carers.

scholarly journals Family care of people with severe mental disorders: an integrative review

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Juan-Porcar ◽  
Lledó Guillamón-Gimeno ◽  
Azucena Pedraz-Marcos ◽  
Ana María Palmar-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the scientific literature on home-based family care of people with severe mental illness. METHOD: integrative review of 14 databases (CINALH, Cochrane Plus, Cuidatge, CUIDEN, Eric, IBECS, EMI, ISOC, JBI COnNECT, LILACS, PsycINFO, PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus) searched with the key words "family caregivers", "severe mental illness", and "home" between 2003 and 2013. RESULTS: of 787 articles retrieved, only 85 met the inclusion criteria. The articles appeared in 61 journals from different areas and disciplines, mainly from nursing (36%). The countries producing the most scientific literature on nursing were Brazil, the UK, and the US, and authorship predominantly belonged to university centers. A total of 54.12% of the studies presented quantitative designs, with descriptive ones standing out. Work overload, subjective perspectives, and resources were the main topics of these papers. CONCLUSIONS: the international scientific literature on home-based, informal family care of people with severe mental disorder is limited. Nursing research stands out in this field. The prevalent topics coincide with the evolution of the mental health system. The expansion of the scientific approach to family care is promoted to create evidence-based guidelines for family caregivers and for the clinical practice of professional caregivers.

Grandparental childcare: a reconceptualisation of family policy regimes

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Price ◽  
Eloi Ribe ◽  
Giorgio Di Gessa ◽  
Karen Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Family Policy ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
Policy Structure ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Grandparental Childcare

In this chapter we argue that to understand the ways that policy, structure and culture all shape how grandmothers help to care for children, we need to re-think our approach to these issues. We need in particular to think about policies in terms of how they impact on mothers and grandmothers simultaneously, providing different and complex incentives and opportunities in each generation. This leads us to conceptualise childcare as something that is organised in the wider family, and to think of family care versus formal care when considering the wider impacts on individuals and society, rather than focussing on maternal versus non-maternal childcare. It also necessitates thinking about how cultures of gender, family and paid work might be influencing family-level discussions and negotiations. We show that conceptualising childcare as a family collaboration framed by policy and culture helps to explain substantial variations in grandmaternal childcare across Europe..

scholarly journals Diverse, Culturally Rich Approaches to Family Care in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 269-269
Author(s):  
Lauren Parker ◽  
Manka Nkimbeng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Family Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Culturally Tailored ◽  
The Us ◽  
Ethnic Minority Populations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Despite the projected rise in the diversity of caregivers and caregiving in the US, the health system is not prepared to accommodate this growth. Interventions and supports often are not adequately tailored to meet the cultural needs of older adults. Additionally, the limited interventions available for racial/ethnic minority populations frequently fail to capture and report culturally tailored perspectives. Therefore, the purpose of this presentation is to describe how culture influences caregiving in the US. Specifically, it will: (1) provide a contemporary definition of culture; (2) identify cultural domains that impact caregiving; (3) offer examples of how caregiving is influenced by different cultural/demographic backgrounds; (4) provide examples of culturally tailored caregiving programs, and (5) discuss how to approach cultural needs that may not be addressed by current interventions.

scholarly journals Family Availability and Its Influence on Informal and Formal Care Used by Adults With Dementia in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 351-351
Author(s):  
HwaJung Choi ◽  
Michele Heisler ◽  
Tsai-Chin Cho ◽  
Cathleen Connell
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Care ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
The Us ◽  
National Estimates ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract This research is to provide national estimates of spouse and adult child availability to care for adults 55+ with dementia and to examine associations between availability and formal and informal care utilization. Only 23% of adults with dementia had a non-disabled spouse; 66% had an adult child living less than 10 miles away. Substantial variations in family availability were discovered across demographic and socioeconomic groups. For example, 29% of non-Hispanic blacks vs. about 40% of other racial/ethnic groups (OR=0.63; p<0.001) had a spouse. Only 16% of the bottom wealth quartile had a spouse compared to 61% of the top quartile (OR=0.13; p<0.001). In contrast, the greater share of non-Hispanic blacks than non-Hispanic whites had a coresident adult child (OR=2.07; p<0.001) and a non-employed adult child (OR=1.45; p<0.001). Hispanics had the most family availability from both spouse and child. Having a spouse was significantly associated with a lower probability of receiving formal care; AOR=0.54 (95% CI 0.46-0.64) for any formal care; AOR=0.50 (95% CI 0.39-0.64) for institutional care. Having a coresident adult child in year T-2 also substantially reduced the probability of receiving formal care in year T (AOR=0.37; 95% CI 0.29-0.48). The presence of a spouse and co-resident adult child significantly reduce the use of formal care by adults with dementia in the US. Policies and interventions that rely on family members to provide dementia should reflect the substantial heterogeneity in potential family availability across racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups.

scholarly journals “I Could Not Manage This Long-Term, Absolutely Not.” Aging in Place, Informal Care, COVID-19, and the Neighborhood in Flanders (Belgium)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6482
Author(s):  
Jakob D’herde ◽  
Wesley Gruijthuijsen ◽  
Dominique Vanneste ◽  
Veerle Draulans ◽  
Hilde Heynen
Keyword(s):  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Aging In Place ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Provision Of Care

Public health and care policies across OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries increasingly encourage aging in place, enabled by both formal care networks, and informal (family) care and social solidarity in the neighborhood. However, little is known about how a person’s neighborhood might affect their aging in place. The COVID-19 crisis unintendedly offered a good opportunity to observe the neighborhood’s role in the provision of care. Since formal care services were often limited during the lockdown, informal caregiving may have increased. However, intergenerational contacts in and outside of the household were strongly discouraged by governments worldwide, adding another layer of complexity to caregiving. The aim of this qualitative study was to assess how informal caregivers in Flanders managed to provide care to their care receivers, and what role the neighborhood played in this provision of care. Sixteen qualitative Skype and telephone interviews with informal caregivers were conducted between June and December 2020 to understand their experiences and coping strategies. Overall, most respondents increased their frequency of caregiving during the first lockdown. They took on the extra care needs during the lockdown themselves, and did not actively invoke any kind of neighborhood support. The significance of the neighborhood seemingly remained limited. This was often not because no help was offered, but rather due to a sense of pride or the fear of infection, and an increased effort by family caregivers.

Care work

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Higgs ◽  
Chris Gilleard
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Good Work ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
Social Imaginary ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Emotional Labour ◽  
Care Industry ◽  
The Social

This chapter explores the distinction between formal and informal care and the recent rise of the former across many fronts, from home care to child care to personal care. While many aspects of formal care for old and infirm people draw upon models based upon ‘family’ care, it is performed within the framework of an employment contract. This tension between performing a labour of love and delivering a service for pay is made more complex as the service contract makes increasing demands for added ‘emotional labour’ within the care industry. The problem of identifying what is ‘good work’, who is a ‘good worker’ and how the ‘goodness of care’ can (or should) be determined confounds moral and material concerns. The chapter concludes, cautiously, with the recognition that good intentions are themselves never enough to ensure that the aged and infirm are not enveloped within the social imaginary of the fourth age.

scholarly journals The impact of demographic change in the balance between formal and informal old-age care in Spain. Results from a mixed microsimulation–agent-based model

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Jeroen Spijker ◽  
Daniel Devolder ◽  
Pilar Zueras
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Adult Daughters ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Changes in population and family structures are altering the provision of care for dependent older people. In Southern European countries like Spain, such care is still largely provided by family, typically spouses and adult daughters. However, an increasing proportion of women have entered the labour force, thereby affecting their availability. To study the demand and supply balance of informal care and to quantify the need for formal care when there is a deficit, we have developed a mixed microsimulation–agent-based model (ABM). Based on nuptiality, fertility and mortality levels of cohorts born at ten-year intervals between 1908 and 1968, the model starts with a microsimulation of the lifecycle of individuals and their close relatives until death. The ABM then determines the amount of time available or needed to care for family members, starting from age 50. Estimates are derived from Spanish survey data on employment, disability and time of care received. Surprisingly, results show that the family care deficit was greater in the older cohorts due to higher mortality and thus a greater impact of widowhood. However, for future elderly persons, we foresee that persistent below-replacement fertility and, paradoxically, the prolongation of the lifespan of couples will increase the demand for formal care as there will be more couples with both members incapacitated but without children to take care of them.

scholarly journals The inter-relationship between formal and informal care: a study in France and Israel

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOWARD LITWIN ◽  
CLAUDINE ATTIAS-DONFUT
Keyword(s):  
Informal Care ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Informal Support ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Care Patterns ◽  
Informal Carers ◽  
Considerable Support

ABSTRACTThis study examined whether formal care services delivered to frail older people's homes in France and Israel substitute for or complement informal support. The two countries have comparable family welfare systems but many historical, cultural and religious differences. Data for the respondents aged 75 or more years at the first wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were analysed. Regressions were examined of three patterns of care from outside the household: informal support only, formal support only and both formal and informal care, with the predictor variables including whether informal help was provided by a family member living in the household. The results revealed that about one-half of the respondents received no help at all (France 51%, Israel 55%), about one-tenth received care from a household member (France 8%, Israel 10%), and one-third were helped by informal carers from outside the household (France 34%, Israel 33%). More French respondents (35%) received formal care services at home than Israelis (27%). Most predictors of the care patterns were similar in the two countries. The analysis showed that complementarity is a common outcome of the co-existence of formal and informal care, and that mixed provision occurs more frequently in situations of greater need. It is also shown that spouse care-givers had less formal home-care supports than either co-resident children or other family care-givers. Even so, spouses, children and other family care-givers all had considerable support from formal home-delivered care.

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