scholarly journals Herramientas digitales aplicadas a la etnomusicología

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Payo León
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
El Paso ◽  
The United States

Las “ventajas de las herramientas digitales” y las “posibilidades tecnológicas” que pueden aplicarse a la etnomusicología moderna parecen haberse quedado en clichés etéreos que en pocas ocasiones se llevan a la práctica. Pero cuando se hace, muchas veces queda en algo parcial. El hecho de digitalizar los registros sonoros y ponerlos a disposición de la comunidad científica abre boca a grandes proyectos de recuperación histórica, pero está eclipsando la capacidad crítica para cuestionar la viabilidad de estos materiales. Es amplia la bibliografía en materia de digitalización, preservación, gestión y catalogación de los registros sonoros, comenzando por el manual de recomendaciones del Centro de Documentación de Música y Danza (2017)1, pero exigua en el paso siguiente. Y es que para que estas grabaciones sirvan a la etnomusicología en sus transcripciones y elaboración de cancioneros, entre otras tareas, necesitan un proceso de reparación acústica que mejore su inteligibilidad. Solo así se logrará una verdadera transferencia de conocimiento plena. Nos referimos, en esta ocasión, a una problemática de la recuperación de registros sonoros grabados sobre soportes analógicos: el ruido. No solo dificulta la transcripción, sino que provoca fatiga auditiva en el investigador, ralentizando todo el proceso. Este artículo detalla las tipologías más comunes de este fenómeno y presenta un software profesional de reparación de audio: iZotope RX. En concreto, se aplica de forma práctica en las grabaciones de campo del musicólogo alemán Kurt Schindler en España a partir de 1920. Son referentes para los estudios de la etnomusicología española, por ser de las primeras fuentes documentales de los trabajos de campo antes de la guerra civil, como apunta Olarte (2010)2. Como prueba, se lleva el resultado al tratamiento de algunas piezas cuya transcripción se recoge en el cancionero póstumo de Schindler, Música y poesía popular de España y Portugal (1941)3, y se cuestiona su utilidad a través de una matriz DAFO.   1. Comité de expertos en digitalización de archivos sonoros (2017): Archivos sonoros. Recomendaciones para su digitalización. Madrid: Centro de Documentación de Música y Danza, INAEM. ISBN: 978-84-9041-272-5. https://www.musicadanza.es/ficheros/documentos/archivos-sonoros.pdf [01/04/2021] 2. Olarte Martínez, Matilde (2010): “Las anotaciones de campo de Kurt Schindler durante sus grabaciones en España”, Etnofolk. Revista de Etnomusicología, No. 16-17, pp. 35-74. ISSN 1698-4064. 3. Schindler, Kurt (1941): Folk music and poetry of Spain and Portugal [obra póstuma]. Nueva York: Hispanic Institute in the United States.

scholarly journals Invasion Pathways of Karnal Bunt of Wheat into the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 999-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Marshall ◽  
Timothy T. Work ◽  
Joseph F. Cavey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Karnal Bunt ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Tilletia Indica ◽  
Invasion Pathways ◽  
Established Disease ◽  
Made In

Karnal bunt of wheat (caused by Tilletia indica) was first detected in the United States in Arizona in 1996. The seed lots of infected, spring-habit, durum wheat associated with the initial detection were traced to planted fields in California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. However, in the summer of 1997, the disease appeared in unrelated, winter-habit, bread wheat located over 700 km from the nearest potentially contaminated wheat from 1996 (and destroyed prior to reinfection). Here, we examined potential invasion pathways of the fungus associated with the movement of wheat into the United States. We analyzed the USDA/APHIS Port Information Network (PIN) database from 1984 through 2000 to determine likely pathways of introduction based on where, when, and how the disease was intercepted coming into the United States. All interceptions were made on wheat transported from Mexico, with the majority (98.8%) being intercepted at land border crossings. Karnal bunt was not intercepted from any other country over the 17-year period analyzed. Most interceptions were on wheat found in automobiles, trucks, and railway cars. The majority of interceptions were made at Laredo, Brownsville, Eagle Pass, and El Paso, TX, and Nogales, AZ. Karnal bunt was intercepted in all 17 years; however, interceptions peaked in 1986 and 1987. Averaged over all years, more interceptions (19.2%) were made in the month of May than in any other month. Our results indicate that Karnal bunt has probably arrived in the United States on many occasions, at least since 1984. Because of the relatively unaggressive nature of the disease and its reliance on rather exacting weather conditions for infection, we surmised that it is possible this disease has a long period of latent survival between initial arrival and becoming a thriving, established disease.

Digital Resources: The Bracero History Archive

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Leon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Media ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Local Community ◽  
El Paso ◽  
The United States ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Dissemination Process

Between 1942 and 1964 millions of Mexicans came to the United States as guest workers, authorized by a set of bilateral agreements. Beginning in late 2005, a coalition of academic scholars and public historians from Brown University’s Center for the Study of Race and Ethnicity in America, the Institute of Oral History at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History (NMAH), and the Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media (RRCHNM) at George Mason University came together to launch an effort to gather the stories of those workers. This unprecedented project resulted in the collection of oral histories, documents, and images over the course of five years. It involved not only scholars but also a host of local community groups that enabled the partners to surface previously hidden materials that were unlikely to make it into traditional archival collections. The collection and dissemination process was facilitated by the creation of the Bracero History Archive, an open-access website that allowed the project partners to simultaneously build the collections from widely dispersed locations as they worked to document the lives and experiences of those workers. Between 1942 and 1964 millions of Mexicans came to the United States as guest workers, authorized by a set of bilateral agreements. Beginning in late 2005, a coalition of academic scholars and public historians from Brown University’s Center for the Study of Race and Ethnicity in America, the Institute of Oral History at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of American History (NMAH), and the Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media (RRCHNM) at George Mason University came together to launch an effort to gather the stories of those workers. This unprecedented project resulted in the collection of oral histories, documents, and images over the course of five years. It involved not only scholars but also a host of local community groups that enabled the partners to surface previously hidden materials that were unlikely to make it into traditional archival collections. The collection and dissemination process was facilitated by the creation of the Bracero History Archive (http://braceroarchive.org), an open-access website that allowed the project partners to simultaneously build the collections from widely dispersed locations as they worked to document the lives and experiences of those workers. The Bracero History Archive serves as the primary repository for the stories, documents, and artifacts associated with the migrant laborers from Mexico who came to the United States under the auspices of the more than 4.6 million contracts issued during the years of the Mexican Farm Labor Program. As such, it is an important complement to the established scholarship on the program. At the same time, the site serves as a model of how to undertake and complete a distributed collecting project that builds upon important community relationships. This combination of scholarly value and methodological innovation was essential to ensuring the funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities Division of Preservation and Access that made the project possible. In recent years, the project has proven important for contemporary work on the Mexican Farm Labor Program, and it has contributed to enhancing our understanding of migration, citizenship, nationalism, agriculture, labor practices, race relations, gender, sexuality, the family, visual culture, and the Cold War era.

scholarly journals Visions of Diversity: Cultural Pluralism and the Nation in the Folk Music Revival Movement of the United States and Canada, 1958–65

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILLIAN A. M. MITCHELL
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Pluralism ◽  
Folk Revival ◽  
The North ◽  
Folk Music Revival ◽  
Revival Movement ◽  
Excellent Work ◽  
The 1960S

This article focusses on the concept of cultural pluralism in the North American folk music revival of the 1960s. Building on the excellent work of earlier folk revival scholars, the article looks in greater depth at the “vision of diversity” promoted by the folk revival in North America – at the ways in which this vision was constructed, at the reasons for its maintenance and at its ultimate decline and on the consequences of this for anglophone Canadian and American musicians and enthusiasts alike.

scholarly journals The “Underside” of the Mexican Revolution: El Paso, 1912

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Harris ◽  
Louis R. Sadler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mexican Revolution ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
El Paso ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
The Revolution

The Mexican Revolution was predominantly a Northern movement. In part this was a logical continuation of what had occurred during the Díaz regime, namely, the rapid development of the northern tier of Mexican states. But in large measure the rise to prominence of leaders such as Francisco Madero, Pascual Orozco, Francisco Villa, Venustiano Carranza, Alvaro Obregón, and Pablo González reflected the advantage they enjoyed over revolutionaries in other parts of Mexico—access to the American border. Arms and ammunition could be imported, loot to pay for these munitions could be exported, United States territory could be used as a base of operations, and the United States provided a sanctuary for the members of defeated factions. Moreover, since the majority of the population along the border were of Mexican extraction, they inevitably became caught up in the factional struggle, as, for that matter, did many of the Anglos, either out of sympathy or because the Revolution became a lucrative business. Yet despite the extent to which the Revolution spilled over into the United States, we still have but a sketchy knowledge of this phenomenon. Precisely how did Mexican juntas function, how were munitions acquired, how was recruiting conducted, and how was revolutionary activity financed? To understand this critical aspect of the Revolution we need much more work along the lines of David N. Johnson's admirable study of Maderista activities in San Antonio in 1910–1911.

Hungarian Folk Music in the United States

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Balint Sarosi ◽  
Laszlo Kurti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hungarian Folk Music

scholarly journals Understanding of Mexican Migration to the United States: Rifts and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Basam Khan ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Nawaz Bhatti ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mexican Migration ◽  
Mexican Migrants ◽  
Social Defense ◽  
Basic Segment ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
The U.S

It has been decades since legislative issues have thought about social, defense, and compassionate issues of migration which has become a touchstone in U.S strategy discussion. Mexican migration to the U.S started in 1848. It has proceeded to the present with no critical interference, something that makes this work movement very particular as a basic segment of the American work advertise. Generally started with enormous development, driven by starvation, political problems, open doors in the U.S; that point eased back, tightened, or unexpectedly finished, from 1850 to 1882, similar to the case of the Chinese. The details show that Mexico is a key source of settlers in U.S and has long been a major source of enemy contact with refugees, but so many have been focusing on Mexico and not the other countries which have also become major sources of illegal immigrants. The United States and Mexico are bordered with California, San Diego, and Baja California, Tijuana, and the Pacific Ocean. The boundary stretches eastward to El Paso, Ciudad Juarez and Chihuahua, Texas, on the Rio Grande. From that point the border continues south-east along the Rio Grande River until the end of it in the Gulf of Mexico. Border stretching of over 1945 miles is insufficiently regulated. Only old solid markers, rusty safety clasp and spoiled dry fence posts can be found in many parts of the place, and the river Grande that over the centuries has continuously changed its course separating both nations. U.S endeavors to control passages and exit adequately have been focused principally along the most profoundly dealt transit courses driving to north. U.S. powerlessness to control all the Mexican boundary has proven that any Mexican involved in operating in the U.S seldom discovers that the frontier is an unlikely trap Through the span of the most recent 170 years, Mexican migrants have to a great extent worked in horticulture, farming, mining, and railroad development.

Rechy, John

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo L. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Border City ◽  
John Rechy ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Mixed Ethnicity

For half of his nearly sixty-year writing career, John Rechy was recognized primarily for his contributions to homosexual literature in the United States, even as from the beginning of that career he consistently cast his major protagonists as young men of mixed ethnicity, part-Mexican and part-Scottish, hailing like him from the border city of El Paso, Texas. As the fields of queer and US Latinx literary studies emerged in the 1980s, critics and scholars began to study the important intersectionalities of Rechy’s multiple identities more explicitly and intentionally, and that attention has been sustained ever since, leading to a significant rethinking of earlier responses to Rechy’s literary work, and a significant opening of the possible viable readerly approaches to Rechy’s entire writing career. Underrepresented in this matrix of critical approaches toward Rechy’s work that favor issues of identity, however, is a more direct, committed interest in describing the specifically literary, and aesthetic, aspects of Rechy’s contributions to the cultural traditions to which he matters, regardless of whether that interest foregrounds or not the understandably compelling factors of identity (ethnic, gender, sexual, class, geographic, etc.) that drive so much extant Rechy criticism. That critical project will surely benefit from a greater attention to, for example, Rechy’s experiments with form, style, and the materiality of print across the six decades of his career, very likely discovering there that those experiments can open alternative doors to understanding not only Rechy’s artistry, but also the unique qualities of his queerness, and the unique qualities of his latinidad.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document