scholarly journals Cinemeducation: a rigorous method to teach pharmacovigilance procedures in clinical pharmacology

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-314
Author(s):  
Irene Cambra-Badii ◽  
Maria De Lluc Francés ◽  
Magí Farré ◽  
Josep-E Baños

The use of commercial films in medical education is an increasingly widespread pedagogical resource, and particularly the Cinemeducation method provides a theoretical basis as well as documented background on this pedagogical innovation. In this paper, we propose the use of a commercial film for teaching pharmacology, particularly pharmacovigilance and adverse effects of drugs, topics that are usually very complex for medical students. The rigorous method followed in the choice of the film and its scenes is detailed, as well as the methodological sequence of its use in class. The selected film, La fille de Brest by Emmanuelle Bercot, is based on the true story of Irène Frachon, a French doctor who begins to detect cases of cardiotoxicity associated with the consumption of a drug and undertakes a legal battle against the pharmaceutical company that produces and distributes it. The film reveals in detail the epidemiological study carried out at Brest Hospital and also the role of safety, pharmacovigilance and public health agencies in a complex plot that allows key aspects of pharmacovigilance to be discussed with medical students.

Author(s):  
Hilary Humphreys ◽  
Niall Stevens ◽  
Louise Burke ◽  
Mariam Sheehan ◽  
Siobhán Glavey ◽  
...  

AbstractPathology is important in training to become a medical doctor but as curricula become more integrated, there is a risk that key aspects of pathology may be excluded. Following a survey of the current delivery of teaching in Ireland under the auspices of the Faculty of Pathology at the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, suggested components of a core curriculum in pathology have been developed to be delivered at some stage during the medical course. These have been based on key principles and themes required by the Medical Council in Ireland. Professionalism is one of the core principles emphasised by the Medical Council. It includes the role of the pathologist in patient care and other professional values such as patient-centred care, clinical competencies and skills, e.g. explaining results, and knowledge under the various sub-disciplines, i.e. histopathology (including neuropathology), clinical microbiology, haematology, chemical pathology and immunology. In each of these, we suggest key aspects and activities that the medical graduate should be comfortable in carrying out. The methods of delivery of teaching and assessment across pathology disciplines have evolved and adapted to recent circumstances. Lessons have been learned and insights gained during the COVID-19 pandemic as educators have risen to the challenge of continuing to educate medical students. Integrated and multi-disciplinary teaching is recommended to reflect best the professional environment of the medical graduate who works as an integral part of a multi-disciplinary team, with the minimum dependence on the traditional lecture, where at all possible. Finally, options on assessment are discussed, e.g. multiple-choice questions, including their respective advantages and disadvantages.


Author(s):  
Paula R Trumbo ◽  
Katherine M Appleton ◽  
Kees de Graaf ◽  
John E Hayes ◽  
David J Baer ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Various global public health agencies recommend minimizing exposure to sweet-tasting foods or beverages. The underlying rationale is that reducing exposure to the perception of sweet tastes, without regard to the source of sweetness, may reduce preferences for sweetness, added sugar intake, caloric intake, and body weight. However, the veracity of this sequence of outcomes has yet to be documented, as revealed by findings from recent systematic reviews on the topic. Efforts to examine and document the effects of sweetness exposure are needed to support evidence-based recommendations. They require a generally agreed-upon methodology for measuring sweetness in foods, beverages, and the overall diet. Although well-established sensory evaluation techniques exist for individual foods in laboratory settings, they are expensive and time-consuming, and agreement on the optimal approach for measuring the sweetness of the total diet is lacking. If such a measure could be developed, it would permit researchers to combine data from different studies and populations and facilitate the design and conduct of new studies to address unresolved research questions about dietary sweetness. This narrative review includes an overview of available sensory techniques, their strengths and limitations, recent efforts to measure the sweetness of foods and diets across countries and cultures, and a proposed future direction for improving methods for measuring sweetness toward developing the data required to support evidence-based recommendations around dietary sweetness.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 322-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Glasper

In light of the emergence of the new coronavirus in China, Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses the response strategies adopted by international and national public health agencies


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-435
Author(s):  
I. Barry Pless

Some ancient Japanese ivory carvings consist of an intricate, often two-faced exterior shell within which a second or even a third, equally complex, figure is embedded. In like fashion, two of the most important questions confronting pediatrics today are closely related and contain within them several other equally profound puzzles. The first is how to prevent accidents—the leading killer of children in our time. The other is how to change health behavior, not only to reduce accidents or their consequences, but also in hope of promoting life-styles that will lead to positive health in other spheres. A second layer of questions pertains to the role and responsibilities of the health profession relative to others and, within health, to the role of practicing physicians relative to public health agencies, both in accident prevention and health promotion.


Author(s):  
Philicia Tucker ◽  
Michael R. Fraser

This chapter presents the role that public health agencies play as leaders and/or conveners of partnerships and collaborations in responding to the opioid epidemic at the state and local levels. “Partnership” is defined as a continuum of relationships between two or more entities ranging from informal engagement around topics of interest to formal, structured memoranda of understanding or contracts that govern resource exchange, the various roles and responsibilities of the partners, and performance metrics or other accountability metrics. The work of partnerships around opioid use and addiction requires intentional engagement of a variety of groups, many of whom have not traditionally worked with public health agencies before. Examples of various partners and their roles in ending the crisis are presented. The chapter includes a discussion of what makes for successful partnerships and key considerations when engaging collaborators in developing shared goals and objectives.


Author(s):  
Josmar K. Alas ◽  
Glenys Godlovitch ◽  
Connie M. Mohan ◽  
Shelly A. Jelinski ◽  
Aneal A. Khan

AbstractResearch in human subjects is at the core of achieving improvements in health outcomes. For clinical trials, in addition to the peer review of the results before publication, it is equally important to consider whether the trial will be conducted in a manner that generates data of the highest quality and provides a measure of safety for the participating subjects. In Canada, there is no definitive legislation that governs the conduct of research involving human subjects, but a network of regulations at different levels does provide a framework for both principal investigators and sponsors. In this paper, we provide an overview of the federal, provincial and institutional legislation, guidelines and policies that will inform readers about the requirements for clinical trial research. This includes a review of the role of the Food and Drug Regulations under the Food and Drugs Act and the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2), an overview of provincial legislation across the country, and a focus on selected policies from institutional research ethics boards and public health agencies. Many researchers may find navigation through regulations frustrating, and there is a paucity of information that explains the interrelationship between the different regulatory agencies in Canada. Better understanding the process, we feel, will facilitate investigators interested in clinical trials and also enhance the long-term health of Canadians.


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