scholarly journals Evaluator effect on the ultrasound measurement of subcutaneous fat deposition and loin eye area from weaning to slaughter lambs

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Fernando Miranda de Vargas Junior ◽  
Tatiane Fernandes ◽  
Alexsander Toniazzo de Matos ◽  
Alexandre Rodrigo Mendes Fernandes ◽  
Luis Gustavo Castro Alves ◽  
...  

Background and Aim: Ultrasound is a non-invasive technique that enables animal evaluation and body condition classification of animals. Although it is not difficult to obtain an image, the analysis of this image can influence results quality. This study aimed to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the technician trained in image interpretation obtained using different ultrasound frequencies. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six lambs were used, ranging in weight from 15 to 40 kg. The images were captured using a linear probe of 13 cm, with a 3.5 megahertz (MHz) frequency and an acoustic couplant aid "standoff" or using a multifrequency transducer (6 and 8 MHz), on B mode, with a linear probe and 8.0 MHz frequency. All measurements were performed by the same technician, on the left side, between the 12th and 13th rib. Five different evaluators, at two different times, with aid of Image J software measured the loin eye area (LEA; only for images obtained with 3.5 MHz), Longissimus thoracis et lumborum depth (DLM), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), subcutaneous fat thickness plus skin (SFST), and skin thickness (ST). Results: For LEA, DLM, SFT, SFST, and ST, variation was observed (p<0.01) between evaluators; however, there was no difference (p>0.05) between the 2 times of evaluation. Images measurements obtained with a frequency of 8.0 MHz had better repeatability indices and reproducibility indices. Accordingly, the identity test demonstrated that measurements performed on images obtained using 3.5 or 8.0 MHz were not equivalent. Conclusion: Ultrasound image measurements obtained using an 8.0 MHz frequency were more accurate and precise. It is important to use only one evaluator or providing the simultaneous training for all evaluators.

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerrold S. Petrofsky ◽  
Katie McLellan ◽  
Gurinder S. Bains ◽  
Michelle Prowse ◽  
Gomathi Ethiraju ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozen Oz Gul ◽  
Murat Pekgoz ◽  
Sumeyye Gullulu ◽  
Soner Cander ◽  
Ahmet Tutuncu ◽  
...  

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka NAGAMINE ◽  
Takashi HAYASHI ◽  
Hiroshi SATO ◽  
Akira NISHIDA ◽  
Shigeki KOMATSU

2021 ◽  
pp. 104694
Author(s):  
Francisco Fernandes Junior ◽  
Amanda de Freitas Pena ◽  
Fernando Augusto Grandis ◽  
Natalia Albieri Koritiaki ◽  
Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Thomas Fiala

Abstract Background A novel FDA-cleared device uses a 1064 nm laser to non-invasively induce apoptosis for lipolysis of subcutaneous abdominal fat while maintaining comfortable skin temperatures with a proprietary jet cooling system (eon ®, Dominion Aesthetic Technologies, Inc.; San Antonio, TX). A programmable articulated robotic arm moves the treatment head without any subject contact, maintaining an appropriate three-dimensional treatment path, compensating for patient movement. Objectives The goal of this prospective, single center, open-label study was to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of this device for reducing subcutaneous abdominal fat using an updated power delivery curve. Methods Male and female subjects with Fitzpatrick skin types I-VI (N=26) were treated. Four abdominal zones up to 150 cm 2 each, customized in size and location for body habitus were treated. Each zone underwent a single 20-minute treatment session. Follow-up visits occurred after 6 and 12 weeks. Using a standardized protocol, ultrasound measurement of subcutaneous abdominal fat thickness, abdominal circumference, reported patient satisfaction and digital images were obtained. Results The mean treatment area was 378.5 cm 2. At Week 12, there was a 21.6% mean reduction in abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and a 4.1-cm (1.6-inch) mean reduction in abdominal circumference. Most subjects (84.6%) were satisfied or very satisfied with their results. The mean pain score was 2.5 on an 11-point ordinal scale. There were no non-responders. Only two adverse events were noted: mild transient erythema (n=1, 3.8%) and localized subcutaneous firmness (n=1, 3.8%) which resolved without intervention within 12 weeks. Conclusions This contact-free device is safe and effective for reducing subcutaneous abdominal fat and represents an improvement on the prior treatment protocol.


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