Skin Heat Dissipation: The Influence of Diabetes, Skin Thickness, and Subcutaneous Fat Thickness

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerrold S. Petrofsky ◽  
Katie McLellan ◽  
Gurinder S. Bains ◽  
Michelle Prowse ◽  
Gomathi Ethiraju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

scholarly journals Evaluator effect on the ultrasound measurement of subcutaneous fat deposition and loin eye area from weaning to slaughter lambs

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Fernando Miranda de Vargas Junior ◽  
Tatiane Fernandes ◽  
Alexsander Toniazzo de Matos ◽  
Alexandre Rodrigo Mendes Fernandes ◽  
Luis Gustavo Castro Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Linear Probe ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Identity Test

Background and Aim: Ultrasound is a non-invasive technique that enables animal evaluation and body condition classification of animals. Although it is not difficult to obtain an image, the analysis of this image can influence results quality. This study aimed to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the technician trained in image interpretation obtained using different ultrasound frequencies. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six lambs were used, ranging in weight from 15 to 40 kg. The images were captured using a linear probe of 13 cm, with a 3.5 megahertz (MHz) frequency and an acoustic couplant aid "standoff" or using a multifrequency transducer (6 and 8 MHz), on B mode, with a linear probe and 8.0 MHz frequency. All measurements were performed by the same technician, on the left side, between the 12th and 13th rib. Five different evaluators, at two different times, with aid of Image J software measured the loin eye area (LEA; only for images obtained with 3.5 MHz), Longissimus thoracis et lumborum depth (DLM), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), subcutaneous fat thickness plus skin (SFST), and skin thickness (ST). Results: For LEA, DLM, SFT, SFST, and ST, variation was observed (p<0.01) between evaluators; however, there was no difference (p>0.05) between the 2 times of evaluation. Images measurements obtained with a frequency of 8.0 MHz had better repeatability indices and reproducibility indices. Accordingly, the identity test demonstrated that measurements performed on images obtained using 3.5 or 8.0 MHz were not equivalent. Conclusion: Ultrasound image measurements obtained using an 8.0 MHz frequency were more accurate and precise. It is important to use only one evaluator or providing the simultaneous training for all evaluators.

Correlates of visceral and subcutaneous fat thickness in non-diabetic obese and morbidly obese patients

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozen Oz Gul ◽  
Murat Pekgoz ◽  
Sumeyye Gullulu ◽  
Soner Cander ◽  
Ahmet Tutuncu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

The Use of Ultrasonic Measurements on Subcutaneous Fat Thickness in Breeding of Japanese Shorthorn Cattle

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka NAGAMINE ◽  
Takashi HAYASHI ◽  
Hiroshi SATO ◽  
Akira NISHIDA ◽  
Shigeki KOMATSU
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

Subcutaneous fat thickness at slaughter in castrated and non-castrated Santa Inês and Dorper lambs and its influence on meat and carcass quality

2021 ◽  
pp. 104694
Author(s):  
Francisco Fernandes Junior ◽  
Amanda de Freitas Pena ◽  
Fernando Augusto Grandis ◽  
Natalia Albieri Koritiaki ◽  
Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Santa Inês

scholarly journals Muscle Heating With Megapulse II Shortwave Diathermy and ReBound Diathermy

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Draper ◽  
Amanda R. Hawkes ◽  
A. Wayne Johnson ◽  
Mike T. Diede ◽  
Justin H. Rigby
Keyword(s):  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Temperature Decay ◽  
Triceps Surae Muscle ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Shortwave Diathermy

Context: A new continuous diathermy called ReBound recently has been introduced. Its effectiveness as a heating modality is unknown. Objective: To compare the effects of the ReBound diathermy with an established deep-heating diathermy, the Megapulse II pulsed shortwave diathermy, on tissue temperature in the human triceps surae muscle. Design:  Crossover study. Setting: University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Participants included 12 healthy, college-aged volunteers (4 men, 8 women; age = 22.2 ± 2.25 years, calf subcutaneous fat thickness = 7.2 ± 1.9 mm). Intervention(s):  Each modality treatment was applied to the triceps surae muscle group of each participant for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, we removed the modality and recorded temperature decay for 20 minutes. Main Outcome Measure(s): We horizontally inserted an implantable thermocouple into the medial triceps surae muscle to measure intramuscular tissue temperature at 3 cm deep. We measured temperature every 5 minutes during the 30-minute treatment and each minute during the 20-minute temperature decay. Results: Tissue temperature at a depth of 3 cm increased more with Megapulse II than with ReBound diathermy over the course of the treatment (F6,66 = 10.78, P &lt; .001). ReBound diathermy did not produce as much intramuscular heating, leading to a slower heat dissipation rate than the Megapulse II (F20,220 = 28.84, P &lt; .001). Conclusions:  During a 30-minute treatment, the Megapulse II was more effective than ReBound diathermy at increasing deep, intramuscular tissue temperature of the triceps surae muscle group.

scholarly journals Selection for higher body weight in Nelore cattle is effective in achieving an increase of longissimus muscle area without reducing subcutaneous fat thickness

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1426-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Roque Pinheiro ◽  
Maria Eugênia Zerlotti Mercadante ◽  
Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque ◽  
Sarah Figueiredo Martins Bonilha ◽  
Fábio Morato Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Nelore Cattle

Thermoregulation during rest and exercise in the cold in pre- and early pubescent boys and in young men

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1589-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Smolander ◽  
O. Bar-Or ◽  
O. Korhonen ◽  
J. Ilmarinen
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Equal Work ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Eight minimally dressed pre- and early pubescent boys (age 11–12 yr) and 11 young adult men (age 19–34 yr) rested for 20 min and exercised on a cycle ergometer for 40 min at approximately 30% of their maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) at 5 degrees C. To quantify the added increase in metabolic rate because of cold, a separate test was carried out at 21 degrees C at rest and at equal work rates as in the cold. Both groups were similar in subcutaneous fat thickness and VO2max per kilogram body weight. Rectal temperature increased slightly during the exposure to the cold, but no significant difference was observed between the boys and men. In the cold, the boys had lower skin temperatures than the adults in their extremities but not in the trunk. The boys increased their metabolic rates in the cold more than did the men. As a result, the boys maintained their core temperature as effectively as the adults. Similar age-related differences in thermoregulatory responses to cold were observed when two boys and two men with equal body sizes were compared. Our results suggest that there may be maturation-related differences in thermoregulation in the cold between children and adults.

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