Genetic variability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) provenances in Spain: growth traits and survival

Abstract Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most common species in Poland’s forest stands. The mode of pine stands renovation requires that silviculture practitioners have continuous access to seed banks. Orchard-grown seeds are predicted to constitute an increasingly larger part of the average demand for pine seeds in Poland. Seed orchards, due to a limited number of maternal trees as well as the irregularity of their blooming and pollination, enhance the risk of genetic diversity reduction in planted forest stands. This is of particular importance in the context of dynamic climate change. Markers based on microsatellite DNA fragments are effective tools for monitoring genetic variability. In the present study, three different microsatellite DNA fragments were used: SPAC 12.5, SPAG 7.14 and SPAC 11.4. The main objective of this research was to study genetic variability in one of the biggest seed orchards in Poland, located in the Forest District Susz. The obtained results indicated heterozygosity loss within the orchard, proving the existence of specimen selection effects on genetic variability. Hence, it seems quite important to take account of molecular genetic variability of maternal trees in future breeding strategies.

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Variability of old Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. vegetative progeny from the Augustowska Primeval Forests

Forest Research Papers ◽

10.2478/frp-2019-0006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 69-78

Author(s):

Małgorzata Matras-Zarzecka ◽

Artur Zarzecki

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Clonal Diversity ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Average Height ◽

Qualitative Traits ◽

Stem Straightness ◽

Quantitative And Qualitative Traits

Abstract This study was carried out in the clone archive of old Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. trees located in the Augustowska Primeval Forest. The aim of the study was to determine the intra-clonal diversity among quantitative and qualitative traits of the vegetative progeny of Scots pine trees older than 200 years. Our analyses included traits such as survival rate, height and diameter at breast height (DBH), stem straightness, length and width of the crowns as well as branch thickness and growth angle. There was no significant correlation between the age of mother trees and the traits of their vegetative progeny. However, mother trees did affect the survival of the progeny. In overall, the survival rate of grafts in the archive is high (about 80% at the age of 13 years) and there have been no significant fluctuations in recent years. Nevertheless, the variability of quantitative traits among vegetative progeny was high with the average height ranging from 2.16 m up to 6.71 m, and in the case of DBH, ranging from 3.23 cm to 12.1 cm. Both, height of trees and their DBH, were significantly different among the analysed clones. These intra-clone differences in growth traits indicate a high environmental impact on the growth and performance of clones. However, the diversity of quantitative and qualitative traits is comparable to the differences observed in the economic seed orchards with seedlings at a similar age. Most of the genotypes planted in the archive are fully viable and have matured to the stage of seed production. The clone archive can thus be viewed as both, a conservation effort and to obtain valuable seeds from the point of view of tree breeding. Therefore, establishing archives of tree clones using valuable genotypes is an effective method of conserving individual genotypes even of very old individuals.

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Genetic variability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) natural regeneration compared with their maternal stands

Forest Research Papers ◽

10.2478/frp-2014-0005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 47-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Justyna Anna Nowakowska ◽

Tadeusz Zachara ◽

Agata Konecka

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Picea Abies ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Gene Pool ◽

Inbreeding Coefficient ◽

Adult Trees ◽

Forest District

Abstract The genetic variability and biodiversity of tree populations ensure the stability and sustainability of forest ecosystems. New research tools based on molecular DNA markers enable precise characterisation of forest genetic resources, i.e. detection of different allele frequencies in mature trees and progeny populations. The paper describes the genetic structure of mature stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Oława Forest District and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) in Jawor Forest District and stands of their respective progeny. In the Scots pine stand, there was a slight increase (0.6%) in heterozygosity level and a larger increase (4.9%) in the inbreeding coefficient of progeny trees. In the Norway spruce stand, despite a small reduction (0.9%) in heterozygosity, a similar increase (4.6%) in the inbreeding coefficient of progeny was revealed. In both stands, allele richness and the partition probability of basic clustering were high. Both pine and spruce adults and progeny trees were characterised by high levels of genetic similarity (96% and 79%, respectively). Gene flow between the mature and progeny populations was high (Nm > 1) for both Scots pine and Norway spruce. Conservation of the gene pool within forest tree stands requires an increase in the proportion of natural regeneration. To estimate the extent to which genes are transmitted between adult trees and their progeny, more studies are needed, especially taking into account the influence of silviculture measures, like selective tree cutting, on the genetic variability of the younger generation. These results confirm that the gene pool was conserved when transmitted between the stands studied, as well as highlight the usefulness of such a study for silvicultural purposes

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Genomic Predictions With Nonadditive Effects Improved Estimates of Additive Effects and Predictions of Total Genetic Values in Pinus sylvestris

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.666820 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ainhoa Calleja-Rodriguez ◽

ZhiQiang Chen ◽

Mari Suontama ◽

Jin Pan ◽

Harry X. Wu

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Best Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽

Genetic Effects ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽

Genomic Marker ◽

Best Linear Unbiased ◽

Unbiased Prediction

Genomic selection study (GS) focusing on nonadditive genetic effects of dominance and the first order of epistatic effects, in a full-sib family population of 695 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees, was undertaken for growth and wood quality traits, using 6,344 single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNPs) generated by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Genomic marker-based relationship matrices offer more effective modeling of nonadditive genetic effects than pedigree-based models, thus increasing the knowledge on the relevance of dominance and epistatic variation in forest tree breeding. Genomic marker-based models were compared with pedigree-based models showing a considerable dominance and epistatic variation for growth traits. Nonadditive genetic variation of epistatic nature (additive × additive) was detected for growth traits, wood density (DEN), and modulus of elasticity (MOEd) representing between 2.27 and 34.5% of the total phenotypic variance. Including dominance variance in pedigree-based Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (PBLUP) and epistatic variance in genomic-based Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) resulted in decreased narrow-sense heritability and increased broad-sense heritability for growth traits, DEN and MOEd. Higher genetic gains were reached with early GS based on total genetic values, than with conventional pedigree selection for a selection intensity of 1%. This study indicates that nonadditive genetic variance may have a significant role in the variation of selection traits of Scots pine, thus clonal deployment could be an attractive alternative for the species. Additionally, confidence in the role of nonadditive genetic effects in this breeding program should be pursued in the future, using GS.

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Genetic variability of Italian southern Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations: the rear edge of the range

European Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1007/s10342-009-0273-7 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 128 (4) ◽

pp. 377-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Marta Scalfi ◽

Andrea Piotti ◽

Massimo Rossi ◽

Paolo Piovani

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Rear Edge

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Analysis of inter - population variability Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) using morphometric markers

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1203689l ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 689-699

Author(s):

Aleksandar Lucic ◽

Vasilije Isajev ◽

Ljubinko Rakonjac ◽

Milan Mataruga ◽

Vladan Popovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Population Differentiation ◽

Morphometric Parameters ◽

Population Variability ◽

Biological Similarity ◽

Neck Diameter ◽

Significant Population Differentiation

The aim of this study is analysis of inter-population variability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) using morphometric parameters of cones and seedlings originating from seven populations in Serbia.The analysis of 1960 cones and their seeds was performed as well as the analysis of morphometric parameters of seedlings (height and root neck diameter) that were produced from this seed. Based on the obtained results the significant differences were noticed in the values of analyzed characters for each population separately. The biological similarity or distance regarding the analyzed characters showed a significant population differentiation. By presenting the preliminary knowledge on the genetic variability of the study populations, the reported results will contribute to better understanding of the significance of the analyzed characters in the population differentiation.

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Growth traits of natural regeneration of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in south-eastern Poland

Folia Forestalia Polonica ◽

10.2478/ffp-2020-0021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 220-226

Author(s):

Katarzyna Masternak ◽

Katarzyna Głębocka ◽

Krystian Surowaniec ◽

Krzysztof Kowalczyk

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Growth Characteristics ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

South Eastern ◽

Soil Preparation ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Root Collar

AbstractIn recent years, particular attention has been paid to enhancing the meaning of natural regeneration, which is a part of the implementation of the concept of sustainable development and is one of the pillars of the natural direction of forest silviculture. Since the middle of the last century, the contribution of natural regeneration in Poland has been steadily increasing.The paper presents the analysis of density and variability of growth traits of natural regeneration of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in south-eastern Poland. The study involved four compartments, which were prepared with the use of tiller and plough (active and double mouldboard). Density of seedlings, their height and root collar diameter, were measured.Density and growth characteristics of seedlings were higher at the tiller area and furrow compared with nonscarified soil and ridge. The highest cover with herbaceous plant was reported in ridges and non-scarified soil, but in most of the analysed compartments, it had no effect on the density of seedlings. It was found that different methods for soil preparation create different conditions for germination of seeds, which is reflected in the number of seedlings and its growth traits.

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Genetic variability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in maternal regions of provenance

Folia Forestalia Polonica ◽

10.1515/ffp-2015-0011 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 112-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paweł Przybylski ◽

Jan Matras ◽

Małgorzata Sułkowska

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Fixation Index ◽

Effective Number ◽

Expected Number ◽

Expected Heterozygosity ◽

Rare Alleles ◽

Fixation Indices

Abstract The analysis of chosen selected Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), populations representing different seed regions: 107 (Międzyzdroje), 305 (Woziwoda), 206 (Strzałowo), 208 (Białowieża), 504 (Bolesławiec), 606 (Józefów) were performed using 10 isoensyme markers: Gdh (E.C.1.4.1.2), Sdh-A, Sdh-B (E.C.1.1.1.25), Pgd-B (E.C.1.1.1.44), Mdh-A, Mdh-C (E.C.1.1.1.37), Got-A, Got-B, Got-C (E.C.2.6.1.1), Dia-C (E.C.1.8.1.4). There were calculated following genetic parameters: allelic frequencies, observed and expected heterozygosities, and Wright’s fixation indexes. In populations, the results of analysis indicated presence of rare alleles. In all study populations, the average effective number of alleles per locus was 1.46 and was lower than expected number of alleles per locus of 1.93. The results for the effective number of alleles of the population per locus were as follows: Strzałowo and Białowieża 1.54, Bolesławiec 1.48, Jozefów 1.44, Świnoujście 1.42, Woziwoda 1.35. Average observed heterozygosity in the studied populations was calculated at the level of 0.26 and it was lower than the expected heterozygosity at 0.28. For populations, the level of heterozygosities were as follow: Strzałowo 0.35, Bolesławiec and Białowieża 0.25, Józefów 0.27, Świnoujście 0.23, Woziwoda 0.26. In particular loci level of heterozygosity was different, as the most heterozygous Mdh-C locus was estimated, while minimum Got-C. Significant differences in allele frequency of Hardy-Weinberg deviation equilibrium were found in 10 cases: Strzałowo (Got-C), Bolesławiec (Got-B), Białowieża (Got-B, Gdh), Józefów (Mdh-C), Międzyzdroje (Got-B, Got-C, Mdh-C), Woziwoda (Got-C, Gdh). All studied populations had a lower effective number of alleles per locus (Ne) comparing to the observed number of alleles (Na). Wright’s fixation indices were negative for populations: Strzałowo (-0.09), Józefów (-0.03), Międzyzdroje (-0.01) and positive for: Białowieża (0.12), Woziwoda and Bolesławiec (0.07). The extremely high Wright’s fixation index (0.12) was observed for Białowieża population.

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