scholarly journals El comportamiento de los verbos haber y ser en función de auxiliar de los tiempos compuestos (siglos XIII-XVII)

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Ágnes Idrisz
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Old Spanish ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
The One

In the old Spanish language the usage of the compound tenses formed with the auxiliary ’haber’ and the participle form shows several differences compared to today’s usage. It turns out from fragments from the XIII-XVII. centuries that the word order of the elements in the structure was not bound: on the one hand, the participle form could come before the auxiliary, on the other hand, other parts of the sentence could be inserted between the two elements of the structure. Furthermore, the participle form could possibly be reconciled with the direct object of the sentence. The above mentioned features can be found in the earliest fragments of the ’corpus’ on a larger scale, whereas by the XVII. century – due to the grammatical progress of the structure – these features had almost completely disappeared. Another peculiarity about the development of the structure haber + participio pasado is that the occurence of the above mentioned features depended largely on the genre of the text. There is a whole range of studies available which deal with the emergence and the forms of the compound tenses. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to examine – based on the article of Concepción Company in 1983 – how much these compound tenses are present in the texts from different ages, as well as how much the frequency of their presence was influenced by the genre of the texts.

Evolution of the Spanish Relative Construction: Acquisition of National Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Nina Korbozerova ◽  
Olena Obruchnikova
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Old Spanish ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Contact Position

Complex attributive sentences in the Spanish language of the medieval period are characterized by a vague expression of the degree of syntactic subordination. During the XII-XVI centuries there is a process of constant enrichment of meanings and forms of complex attributive sentences. The final formation of the structural organization of a complex attributive sentence ended in the XVII century, in the period of unification and formation of the national Spanish language. Starting from the Old Spanish period, the externally formal homogeneity of models of a complex attributive sentence is disturbed by deep internal complications of semantic connections between the main and subordinate parts. Thus, in the Middle Spanish period, a complex attributive sentence gradually reformatted its structural organization by strengthening the contact position of the nominal center of subordination with the conjunctions and strengthening bilateral links between predicative components, which further contributed to the normalization of the position of the subordinate part. On the other hand, there is an intensive mutual replacement of some conjunctions with others. In the Old Spanish period, the conjunctions bigan to lose their uncoordinated lexical correlation between the correlative word and the supporting noun in the main part. This trend contributed to the consolidation of the structural organization of a complex attributive sentence, which was realized in the early Spanish period.

scholarly journals 100 voces y expresiones del español de Valencia en el aula de E/LE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Giménez Folqués
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Resumen: Resulta recurrente en el aula de E/LE preguntarse qué variante del español enseñar. Por un lado, es importante que los estudiantes se familiaricen con la realidad dialectal panhispánica, donde pueden encontrarse con diferentes variantes del español; pero, por el otro, también es interesante que conozcan las peculiaridades del español de la zona donde están llevando a cabo su aprendizaje lingüístico. De este modo, en el presente trabajo trataremos de explicar las características del español de Valencia mediante su léxico, en concreto, mediante 100 voces y expresiones extraídas de corpus significativos como el de Val.Es.Co, PRESEVAL o CORPES. Finalmente, incluiremos una breve propuesta didáctica que sirva como muestra.Palabras clave: variedades del español, español de Valencia, corpus españoles.  Abstract: It is relevant to know what Spanish variant we have to teach in E/LE class. On the one hand it is important that students have knowledge learn about the reality of the Spanish language. On the other hand, it is also important that they learn the Spanish variant from the context where they are studying. Therefore, we will explain the characteristics of the Valencian Spanish, using 100 words and expressions extracted from Val.Es.Co, PRESEVAL and CORPES corpora. Finally, we will include a brief didactic proposal.Key words: Spanish variants, Valencian Spanish, Spanish corpus.

The Place of Conversational Data in Spanish Syntax: Topic, Focus, and Word Order

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Ocampo
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
Grammaticality Judgments ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Spanish Syntax ◽  
The One

AbstractResults yield by conversational data are compared with those generated by elicited grammaticality judgments on the issues of topic, focus, and word order. On the one hand, most of the sentence types produced by elicited grammaticality judgments are confirmed by empirical conversational data. On the other, research utilizing grammaticality judgments detects only prototypical constructions. The cause is that invented sentences, upon which grammaticality judgments are based, are cognitively biased to be prototypical. Therefore, elicitation methodology does not provide the analyst with the whole range of possible constructions. This type of data is simplified in the sense that it consists mainly of prototypical instances placed in a context of exemplification. Conversational data, on the other hand, include the human factor, conversational and pragmatic factors, as well as the real context where a particular utterance occurs. For this reason, it is argued that syntax studies based on conversational data allow for the possibility of finding new unexpected cases that may offer new perspectives.

Algunas observaciones sobre el funcionamiento del adverbio dizque, un elemento de discontinuidad diacrónica y diatópica en español

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Oana-Adriana Duță ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Language ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Left Periphery ◽  
Hispanic American ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Old Spanish ◽  
The Core ◽  
American Spanish ◽  
The One

Some Observations Regarding the Functioning of the Adverb dizque, an Element of Diachronic and Diatopic Discontinuity in Spanish. The adverb dizque lies at the core of a double discontinuity in the landscape of Spanish language. On the one hand, it marks a diachronic discontinuity, as its modal-epistemic and pragmatic values have developed significantly since the 13th century, when it was first registered in Old Spanish, with the evidential-reportative meaning that stems from its etymology. On the other hand, dizque is affected by a diatopic discontinuity, as it is becoming obsolete in the Iberian Peninsula, but is extremely productive in Hispanic American varieties. This paper traces the evolution of the modal and discursive values of dizque and observes its syntactic behaviour by means of a corpus analysis, concluding that, in today’s Hispanic American Spanish, this adverb has reinforced this position in the left periphery, either as a sentence modifier or as a constituent modifier, with clearly established syntactic peculiarities. Keywords: evidentiality, epistemic, syntax, pragmatics

Resumption or contrast?

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Cerrón-Palomino
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clauses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Resumptive Pronouns ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Subject Pronoun ◽  
The One

This article is a contribution to the study of subject resumptive pronouns (RPs) in Spanish relative clauses (RCs). Previous studies have focused only on the constraints governing RPs across the different functions relativized: subject, direct object and oblique. In this variationist study, two analyses were conducted for the Peruvian Limeño variety: on the one hand, RPs were analyzed as a whole, following the aforementioned tradition; on the other hand, subject RPs were studied separately. When comparing the results of both analyses, it was found that the constraints favoring subject RPs are only a subset of the ones governing RPs as a whole, and the ranking of these constraints is also different. In addition, upon closer inspection, a different type of non-standard subject pronoun was identified: a contrastive one.

What are and what aren’t complex nominal expressions in flexible word order languages

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-79
Author(s):  
Uta Reinöhl
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Derivational Morphology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
The One ◽  
Question Form ◽  
Australian Languages

AbstractThis paper tackles the challenge of how to identify multi-word (or “complex”) nominal expressions in flexible word order languages including certain Australian languages and Vedic Sanskrit. In these languages, a weak or absent noun/adjective distinction in conjunction with flexible word order make it often hard to distinguish between complex nominal expressions, on the one hand, and cases where the nominals in question form independent expressions, on the other hand. Based on a discourse-based understanding of what it means to form a nominal expression, this paper surveys various cases where we are not dealing with multi-word nominal expressions. This involves, in particular, periphery-related phenomena such as use of nominals as free topics or afterthoughts, as well as various kinds of predicative uses. In the absence of clear morpho-syntactic evidence, all kinds of linguistic evidence are relied upon, including, in particular, information structure and prosody, but also derivational morphology and lexical semantics. In this way, it becomes frequently possible to distinguish between what are and what aren’t complex nominal expressions in these languages.

scholarly journals Some notes on word order and interpretation in Dutch and Finnish

Nordlyd ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eefje Boef ◽  
Lena Dal Pozzo
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Base Position ◽  
Other Hand

Dutch is typically known to allow scrambling. Finnish on the other hand has a flexible word order. Even though the two languages differ in many aspects and Finnish does not have scrambling in the sense of an alternation between an adverb and an object, we suggest that the relation between word order and interpretation observed in the two languages is similar. On the basis of new empirical data from Finnish, we show that in both Dutch and Finnish movement of the direct object from its base-position to a noncanonical position in the middle field is related to <em>discourse</em> <em>anaphoricity</em>.

scholarly journals The problem of syntactic ambivalence in corpus linguistics

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Kida
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Computer Analysis ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Arts And Sciences ◽  
Order Analysis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The One

Abstract Ireneusz Kida. The Problem of Syntactic Ambivalence in Corpus Linguistics. Lingua Posnaniensis, vol. L IV (1)/2012. The Poznań Society for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences. PL ISSN 0079-4740, ISBN 978-83-7654-103-7, pp. 57-63. The purpose of this article is to present a technique of dual annotation of Old English ambivalent structures in diachronic annotated corpus linguistics. In languages there are often structures which are ambivalent, and it is difficult to establish whether they are main or dependent. These clauses are problematic for a corpus linguist annotating them for computer analysis of word order configurations. As a solution to this problem we suggest that such structures be annotated in two ways, namely on the one hand as main and on the other hand as dependent. Such a procedure allows one to obtain more objective results from word order analysis. Moreover, dual annotation is more flexible and is able to grasp the changeable nature of language

scholarly journals 100 voces y expresiones del español de Valencia en el aula de E/LE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Giménez Folqués
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Resumen: Resulta recurrente en el aula de E/LE preguntarse qué variante del español enseñar. Por un lado, es importante que los estudiantes se familiaricen con la realidad dialectal panhispánica, donde pueden encontrarse con diferentes variantes del español; pero, por el otro, también es interesante que conozcan las peculiaridades del español de la zona donde están llevando a cabo su aprendizaje lingüístico. De este modo, en el presente trabajo trataremos de explicar las características del español de Valencia mediante su léxico, en concreto, mediante 100 voces y expresiones extraídas de corpus significativos como el de Val.Es.Co, PRESEVAL o CORPES. Finalmente, incluiremos una breve propuesta didáctica que sirva como muestra.Palabras clave: variedades del español, español de Valencia, corpus españoles.  Abstract: It is relevant to know what Spanish variant we have to teach in E/LE class. On the one hand it is important that students have knowledge learn about the reality of the Spanish language. On the other hand, it is also important that they learn the Spanish variant from the context where they are studying. Therefore, we will explain the characteristics of the Valencian Spanish, using 100 words and expressions extracted from Val.Es.Co, PRESEVAL and CORPES corpora. Finally, we will include a brief didactic proposal.Key words: Spanish variants, Valencian Spanish, Spanish corpus.

Word order in the nominal phrase

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-162
Author(s):  
Alexandru Nicolae
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Head Noun ◽  
The Other ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Nominal Phrase ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Residual Head

This chapter examines the main changes in the syntax of Romanian nominal phrases as they are reflected in the ordering of DP-internal constituents. The first part of the chapter focuses on the ‘low definite article’, i.e. structures in which the noun bearing the definite article occupies a non-DP-initial position. The low definite article is relevant to the emergence of the Romanian article (its suffixal nature singles out Romanian in Romance) on the one hand and to the understanding of the freer DP-internal word order characteristic of old Romanian on the other hand. The changes in the position of adjectives relative to the head noun and in the linearization of adjectives with respect to one another are then addressed. Finally, residual head-final structures in the nominal and adjectival domain and discontinuous constituents are analysed.

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