scholarly journals Analysis of Membranless Formic Acid Fuel Cell using E-Shaped Microfluidic Channel

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 2497-2502
Author(s):  
M. Elumalai ◽  
M. Raja ◽  
A. Rajasekaran ◽  
B. Chinnaraja
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Membraneless Fuel Cell

A microfluidic fuel cell has been fabricated using formic acid in an alkaline media as the fuel and sodium percarbonate in acidic media as the oxidant. Various operating conditions and different cell dimensions were applied to evaluate the fuel cell performance. The laminar flow-based membraneless fuel cell was found to reach a maximum power density of 23.60 mW cm-2 using 1.50 M HCOOH in 3 M NaOH solution as the fuel and 0.15 M percarbonate in 1.50 M H2SO4 solution as the oxidant at room temperature. The fuel cell system has no proton exchange membrane. This simple membraneless fuel cell with a planar structure has a high design flexibility, which enables its easy integration into actual microfluidic systems and miniature power applications.

Theoretical Analysis on the Autothermal Reforming Process of Ethanol as Fuel for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Perna
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Autothermal Reforming ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The purpose of this work is to investigate, by a thermodynamic analysis, the effects of the process variables on the performance of an autothermal reforming (ATR)-based fuel processor, operating on ethanol as fuel, integrated into an overall proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system. This analysis has been carried out finding the better operating conditions to maximize hydrogen yield and to minimize CO carbon monoxide production. In order to evaluate the overall efficiency of the system, PEM fuel cell operations have been analyzed by an available parametric model.

scholarly journals Fuel Cell designing with optimal high speed air compressor

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Nabeel Ahsan ◽  
Mahrukh Mehmood ◽  
Asad A. Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Compressor ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Turbo Compressor

This paper discusses different air management technologies for fuel cell systems. Two different types of compressors are analyzed for Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). Some important criteria are analyzed thoroughly for the selection of turbo compressor among different types of compressors illustrated with the help of matrix representations. The impacts of various input parameters for Fuel Cell (FC) are also explained thoroughly. Later the numerical modeling of an automobile fuel cell system using a high speed turbo-compressor for air supply is explained. The numerical model incorporates the important input parameters related with air and hydrogen. It also performed energy and mass balances across different components such as pump, fan, heat-exchanger, air compressor and also keeps in consideration the pressure drop across the flow pipes and various mechanical parts. The model is solved to obtain the characteristics of the FC system at different operating conditions. Therefore, it can be concluded that the high speed turbo compressor with a turbo-expander can have significant effects on the overall system power and efficiency.

Transient Analysis of PEM Fuel Cell for Hybrid Vehicle Application

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Arsie ◽  
Alfonso Di Domenico ◽  
Cesare Pianese ◽  
Marco Sorrentino
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Hybrid Vehicle ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Energy Flows

The paper focuses on the simulation of a hybrid vehicle with proton exchange membrane fuel cell as the main energy conversion system. A modeling structure has been developed to perform accurate analysis for powertrain and control system design. The models simulate the dynamics of the main powertrain elements and fuel cell system to give a sufficient description of the complex interaction between each component under real operating conditions. A control system based on a multi-level scheme has also been introduced and the complexity of control issues for hybrid powertrains have been discussed. Such a study has been performed to analyze the energy flows among the powertrain components. The results highlight that optimizing these systems is not a trivial task and the use of precise models can improve the powertrain development process. Furthermore, the behavior of system state variables and the influence of control actions on fuel cell operation have also been analyzed. Particularly, the effects of the introduction of a rate limiter on the stack power have been investigated, evidencing that a 2 kW/s rate limiter increased the system efficiency by 10% while reducing the dynamic performances of the powertrain in terms of speed error (i.e. 25 %).

scholarly journals Measurements Based Analysis of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Operation in Transient State and Power of Own Needs

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Andrzej Wilk ◽  
Daniel Węcel
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Currently, fuel cells are increasingly used in industrial installations, means of transport, and household applications as a source of electricity and heat. The paper presents the results of experimental tests of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) at variable load, which characterizes the cell’s operation in real installations. A detailed analysis of the power needed for operation fuel cell auxiliary devices (own needs power) was carried out. An analysis of net and gross efficiency was carried out in various operating conditions of the device. The measurements made show changes in the performance of the fuel cell during step changing or smooth changing of an electric load. Load was carried out as a change in the current or a change in the resistance of the receiver. The analysis covered the times of reaching steady states and the efficiency of the fuel cell system taking into account auxiliary devices. In the final part of the article, an analysis was made of the influence of the fuel cell duration of use on obtained parameters. The analysis of the measurement results will allow determination of the possibility of using fuel cells in installations with a rapidly changing load profile and indicate possible solutions to improve the performance of the installation.

scholarly journals Interfacial Water Transport Effects in Proton-Exchange Membranes

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Kientiz ◽  
Haruhiko Yamada ◽  
Nobuaki Nonoyama ◽  
Adam Z. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell ◽  
Interfacial Resistance ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Membrane Interfaces

It is well known that the proton-exchange membrane is perhaps the most critical component of a polymer-electrolyte fuel cell. Typical membranes, such as Nafion®, require hydration to conduct efficiently and are instrumental in cell water management. Recently, evidence has been shown that these membranes might have different interfacial morphology and transport properties than in bulk. In this paper, experimental data combined with theoretical simulations that explore the existence and impact of interfacial resistance on water transport for Nafion®21x membranes will be presented. A mass-transfer coefficient for the interfacial resistance is calculated from experimental data using different permeation cells. This coefficient is shown to depend exponentially on relative humidity or water activity. The interfacial resistance does not seem to exist for liquid/membrane or membrane/membrane interfaces. The effect of the interfacial resistance is to flatten the water content profiles within the membrane during operation. Under typical operating conditions, the resistance is on par with the water transport resistance of the bulk membrane. Thus, the interfacial resistance can be dominant especially in thin, dry membranes and can affect overall fuel cell performance.

Visualization Study of Cathode Flooding With Different Operating Conditions in a PEM Unit Fuel Cell

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Sang Kim ◽  
Tae-Hun Ha ◽  
Sung-Jin Park ◽  
Kyoungdoug Min ◽  
Minsoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Study Results

Visualization technique was used to better understand the water build-up phenomena on the cathode side of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) unit fuel cell. In this study, a transparent PEM unit fuel cell with an active area of 25 cm2 was designed and fabricated to allow for the visualization of cathode channel with fuel cell performance characteristics. Two-phase flow due to the electrochemical reaction of fuel cell was experimentally investigated. The images photographed by CCD camera with various cell temperatures (30–50°C) and different inlet humidification levels were presented in this study. Results indicated that the flooding on the cathode side first occurs near the exit of cathode flow channel. As the fuel cell operating temperature increases, it was found that water droplets tend to evaporate easily because of increased saturation vapor pressure and it can have an influence on lowering the flooding level. The approaches of this study can effectively contribute to the detailed researches on water transport phenomena including modeling water transport of an operating PEM fuel cell.

Influence of Formic Acid Impurity on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. B409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Zhang ◽  
Hugo M. Galindo ◽  
Hector F. Garces ◽  
Philip Baker ◽  
Xiaofeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Acid Impurity

Computational Modeling of PEM Fuel Cells With PBI Membranes

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denver F. Cheddie ◽  
Norman D. H. Munroe
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Parametric Analyses

A parametric model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operating with a polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane is presented. The model is three dimensional and applicable for PEMFCs operating at intermediate temperatures (120–150 °C). It accounts for all transport and polarization phenomena, and the results compare well with published experimental data for equivalent operating conditions. Results for oxygen concentration and temperature variations are presented. The model predicts the oxygen depletion, which occurs in the catalyst area under the ribs, and which gives an indication of the catalyst utilization. Results also predict that for an output power density of 1 kW m−2, a cell temperature rise of up to 30 K can be expected for typical laboratory operating conditions. Parametric analyses indicate that significant gain in fuel cell performance can be expected by increasing the conductivity of the PBI membrane. Further, results demonstrate that when the catalyst region is well utilized, increasing the catalyst activity results in only a small improvement in performance.

Influence of Formic Acid Impurity on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1633-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Zhang ◽  
Hugo Galindo ◽  
Hector Grace ◽  
Phillip Baker ◽  
Xiaofeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Acid Impurity
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