scholarly journals Patterns of Variation in the Seed Morphology of Iva annua var. macrocarpa, an Extinct North American Domesticate

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-89
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Weiland ◽  
Kristen J. Gremillion
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
P Value ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Eastern Kentucky ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Post Hoc

Using measurements from archaeological achenes of the extinct North American cultigen marshelder (Iva annua var. macrocarpa [S.F. Blake] R.C. Jackson), we quantitatively explore patterns of variation of fruit length and width across mid-continental North America. Linear regression shows that while achene length and width increase significantly over time (length: p-value<0.0001, b=-126.04, r2=0.1037, width: p-value<0.0001, b=-230.85, r2=0.0964), overall, regions tend to show more variation. A high incidence of phenotypic variation among domesticated marshelder as measured by coefficient of variation may be a result of introgression with wild stands. An ANOVA Tukey post-hoc analysis of archaeological site samples resulted in homogeneous subsets which correspond to region with some overlap, interpreted as a cline. These results and the low numbers of wild-sized achenes in archaeological marshelder samples of eastern Kentucky support human introduction of domesticated marshelder into this region. Marshelder in the archaeological record reflects the long-standing mixed economies of hunting-gathering and agriculture used by indigenous communities of eastern North America.

The bryophytes of Nachvak, northern Labrador, with additional records from Saglek

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 2028-2036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry A. Hedderson ◽  
Guy R. Brassard
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Glacial History ◽  
The North ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
History Of

One hundred and thirty-four species of mosses and 18 species of liverworts are reported from Nachvak Fiord and 22 mosses are reported from Saglek Fiord. Nineteen of the mosses had not previously been reported from Labrador and 49 are new to northern Labrador. Seven of the liverworts are new to Labrador. Brophyte species new to eastern North America are Anastrophyllum assimile, Hygrophypnum cochlearifolium (possibly) and Lophozia cavifolia. The record of Lophozia cavifolia represents an addition to the hepatic flora of North America (excluding Greenland). The North American distributions of Hydrogrimmia mollis, Marsupella revoluta and Trichostomum arcticum are mapped. The high incidence of disjunct species in the bryoflora of the Torngat Mountains is discussed in relation to the proposed glacial history of the area.

New multituberculate mammal from the Early Cretaceous of eastern North America

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Cifelli ◽  
Cynthia L. Gordon ◽  
Thomas R. Lipka
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
North American ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
The North

Multituberculates, though among the most commonly encountered mammalian fossils of the Mesozoic, are poorly known from the North American Early Cretaceous, with only one taxon named to date. Herein we describe Argillomys marylandensis, gen. et sp. nov., from the Early Cretaceous of Maryland, based on an isolated M2. Argillomys represents the second mammal known from the Arundel Clay facies of the Patuxent Formation (Lower Cretaceous: Aptian). Though distinctive in its combination of characters (e.g., enamel ornamentation consisting of ribs and grooves only, cusp formula 2:4, presence of distinct cusp on anterobuccal ridge, enlargement of second cusp on buccal row, central position of ultimate cusp in lingual row, great relative length), the broader affinities of Argillomys cannot be established because of non-representation of the antemolar dentition. Based on lack of apomorphies commonly seen among Cimolodonta (e.g., three or more cusps present in buccal row, fusion of cusps in lingual row, cusps strongly pyramidal and separated by narrow grooves), we provisionally regard Argillomys as a multituberculate of “plagiaulacidan” grade. Intriguingly, it is comparable in certain respects to some unnamed Paulchoffatiidae, a family otherwise known from the Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula.

scholarly journals Six new species and reports of Hydnum (Cantharellales) from eastern North America

MycoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 35-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Swenie ◽  
Timothy J. Baroni ◽  
P. Brandon Matheny
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Herbarium Collections ◽  
Environmental Sequences

Five species of Hydnum have been generally recognized from eastern North America based on morphological recognition: H.albidum, H.albomagnum, H.repandum and varieties, H.rufescens, and H.umbilicatum. Other unique North American species, such as H.caespitosum and H.washingtonianum, are either illegitimately named or considered synonymous with European taxa. Here, seventeen phylogenetic species of Hydnum are detected from eastern North America based on a molecular phylogenetic survey of ITS sequences from herbarium collections and GenBank data, including environmental sequences. Based on current distribution results, sixteen of these species appear endemic to North America. Of these, six species are described as new: H.alboaurantiacum, H.cuspidatum, H.ferruginescens, H.subconnatum, H.subtilior, and H.vagabundum. Geographic range extensions and taxonomic notes are provided for five additional species recently described as new from eastern North America. A new name, H.geminum, is proposed for H.caespitosum Banning ex Peck, non Valenti. Overall, species of Hydnum are best recognized by a combination of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Taxonomic descriptions are provided for seventeen species, including epitype designations for H.albidum, H.albomagnum, and H.umbilicatum, taxa described more than 100 years ago, and molecular annotation of the isotype of H.washingtonianum. Photographs and a key to eastern North American Hydnum species are presented.

Telephinaand Other Trilobites from the Pratt Ferry Beds, Ordovician of Alabama, U.S.A.

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick C. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Zone Boundary ◽  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
Conodont Zone ◽  
Stratigraphic Range ◽  
Single Locality

The Pratt Ferry beds are a three meter thick bioclastic carbonate unit containing thePygodus serrus–P. anserinusconodont zone boundary and lying just below theNemagraptus gracilisgraptolite zone at a single locality in Alabama.TelephinaMarek at Pratt Ferry and other eastern North American localities is represented by at least six species. These are judged widespread and in part conspecific with Scandinavian or Asian forms of similar age. Most of the fifteen Appalachian telephinid species proposed by Ulrich (1930) are reviewed and some synonymized.BevanopsisCooper is present, extending its stratigraphic range viaB. buttsi(Cooper). The original description ofCeraurinella buttsiCooper is augmented. Other recorded but poorly represented genera includeAmpyxina,Arthrorhachis,Calyptaulax,Hibbertia,Lonchodomas,Mesotaphraspis,Porterfieldia, andSphaerexochus. The entire faunule represents a mixture of ‘inshore’ and ‘offshore’ or planktonic faunal elements rarely seen elsewhere in the latest Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) of eastern North America.

North American biogeography and taxonomy of Cryptolithus (Trilobita, Ordovician)

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick C. Shaw ◽  
Pierre J. Lespérance
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Variable Character

Museum and field restudy of Cryptolithus from all known geographic and stratigraphic occurrences in eastern North America shows that the principal variable character in this genus is the number of fringe pit arcs. Because this character varies within populations and even single individuals, it cannot be used to distinguish the earlier, typologically defined species of the genus. Instead, a neotype is designated here for the type species, Cryptolithus tessellatus Green, 1832, and morph designations are used for all pit arc variants. Over the time span considered, the species increased the number of pit arcs, but the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms responsible cannot be identified with certainty.

Settler Colonialism in Asian North American Representation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyko Day
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
North American ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Environmental Harm ◽  
Indigenous Cultures ◽  
Asian North American

The study of settler colonialism has evolved from a nearly exclusive examination of the interplay of Indigeneity and white settler colonial domination to an engagement that has become attentive to questions of racialized migration. Because British settler colonies violently displaced Indigenous peoples without widespread exploitation of their labor, racialized migrant labor has played an important role in establishing and developing settler colonies, from the exploitation of enslaved and convict labor, to indentured and contract labor, and to contemporary iterations of guest and undocumented labor. The reliance on hyper-exploitable, deportable, or disposable classes of migrants has been an integral logic of settler colonialism in North America, rendering Indigenous communities even more vulnerable to dislocation, dispossession, and environmental harm. Asian North American cultural representation offers a rich site to explore settler colonial logics of land dispossession, resource extraction, relocation, urban redevelopment, and incarceration. In particular, Asian North American cultural production has often recycled settler colonial tropes that both denigrate and romanticize Indigenous cultures in claims for belonging that attempt to challenge the racial logics of civil, social, and political exclusion. In North America, the projection of a heroic “pioneer” identity aims to recover early Asian labor from historical obscurity by demonstrating its vital contributions to developing the settler nation. These expressions reinforce the value of Western civilization and industry over an empty, uncivilized, and unproductive Indigenous world. Asian American invocations of “local” identity in Hawai‘i similarly assert a romanticized identification with Indigenous cultures that obscures Asian Americans’ structural dominance and active role in the dispossession of Native Hawaiians. Alternatively, Asian North American cultural producers have also become strong voices in social and cultural movements to prioritize Indigenous self-determination, ecological protection, and decolonial anti-capitalism. Critical approaches to Asian North American representation have become increasingly attuned to reckoning with colonial complicity, exploring the ethics of responsibility, indebtedness, and solidarity with Indigenous communities.

North American Devonian Carydiidae (Bivalvia): systematics, phylogeny, and implications in early diversification of the class

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bowman Bailey
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
North American ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
European Family

Although past authors have regarded the Carydiidae as a European family, six species of Carydium are reported here from the Devonian of eastern North America. Two of these belong to a single morphocline common in the Hamilton shales; another (Carydium clarkei) is new. Due to lack of well preserved hinges most of these species were earlier placed in Nucula because serrations or striations on dental elements were mistaken for a taxodont dentition.New data require modification of carydiid phylogenies of earlier authors. 1) Two independent pre-Devonian derivations from Lyrodesma are inferred. 2) Noradonta shergoldi, a carydiid-like lyrodesmatid from the Ordovician of Australia, is recognized as an important phyletic link between the Carydiidae and the Lyrodesmatidae. 3) The previous view of three distinct lineages within Carydium is not supported. Anamorphic data suggest as few as two main lineages and show two of the hinge types to be homeomorphic grades appearing separately or within one or the other of the main lineages.Though too young to be directly involved in the early diversification of the Bivalvia, the actinodont, subheterodont, and pseudotaxodont hinge morphologies of Carydium supply models for the origin of heterodont and taxodont hinges. Anamorphic and other evidence suggests that both are iterative types, and fundamental differences between them may be few. Hence, their preeminence as diagnostic criteria among higher taxa is diminished.

Key Role of the North Pacific Oscillation–West Pacific Pattern in Generating the Extreme 2013/14 North American Winter

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (20) ◽  
pp. 8109-8117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Baxter ◽  
Sumant Nigam
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
North Pacific Oscillation ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
The North ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract The 2013/14 boreal winter (December 2013–February 2014) brought extended periods of anomalously cold weather to central and eastern North America. The authors show that a leading pattern of extratropical variability, whose sea level pressure footprint is the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and circulation footprint the West Pacific (WP) teleconnection—together, the NPO–WP—exhibited extreme and persistent amplitude in this winter. Reconstruction of the 850-hPa temperature, 200-hPa geopotential height, and precipitation reveals that the NPO–WP was the leading contributor to the winter climate anomaly over large swaths of North America. This analysis, furthermore, indicates that NPO–WP variability explains the most variance of monthly winter temperature over central-eastern North America since, at least, 1979. Analysis of the NPO–WP related thermal advection provides physical insight on the generation of the cold temperature anomalies over North America. Although NPO–WP’s origin and development remain to be elucidated, its concurrent links to tropical SSTs are tenuous. These findings suggest that notable winter climate anomalies in the Pacific–North American sector need not originate, directly, from the tropics. More broadly, the attribution of the severe 2013/14 winter to the flexing of an extratropical variability pattern is cautionary given the propensity to implicate the tropics, following several decades of focus on El Niño–Southern Oscillation and its regional and far-field impacts.

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