scholarly journals Gathering as a Mode of Livelihood for Bashkirs in the Mountainous Forest Area of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the Years of Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Z.F. Khasanova
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Wild Berries

Data in this article are based on the analysis of ethnographic field studies and materials conducted by the author. The study considers gathering as a mode of livelihood of the Bashkirs who inhabited the mountain forests of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the years of the Great Patriotic War. The materials were collected during the period 2010-2019 in Arkhangelsk, Abzelilovskiy, Beloretsk, Burzyanskiy, Belokatayskiy, Baltachevskiy, Mechetlinskiy, Salavatskiy, Duvanskiy districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan. For survival the Bashkirs used the traditional ways of livelihood - fishing, hunting, forestry and gathering. The last one was the most important mode, which provided them with food and served as a cure from different diseases. Typically, the Bashkirs began to collect plants and roots in early spring after cold and grueling winter, as soon as the first greens appeared on the mountains and hills. In summer, villagers collected berries and fruits, in autumn - berries of shrubs, plants and roots. Those roots and plants were consumed both raw and cooked. The collected plants were used for cooking soups, roots - for making flatbreads and porridge, berries - for making pastila and fillings for the pie. Knowledge of the plants helped many Bashkirs to survive their life during the Great Patriotic War. The Bashkirs, having allotments and gardens still like gathering wild berries and fruits.

scholarly journals IN MEMORY OF THE LEGENDARY COUNTRYMAN DAYAN MURZIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Ришат Нигматуллин
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
Guerrilla Movement

In our country, 2020 has been declared the Year of Memory and Glory by a decree of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. More than 25 million citizens of our country gave their lives for the Victory. The Republic of Bashkortostan made a significant contribution to the victory over fascist Germany. The names of such heroes of the Great Patriotic War as Minigali Shaimuratov, Musa Gareev, Tagir Kusimov, Dayan Murzin, Alexander Matrosov and Minigali Gubaidullin became known outside the republic and country. The article is devoted to the combat path of Dayan Bayanovich Murzin, who was an active participant in the guerrilla movement and the Resistance Movement in Czechoslovakia, the hero of Czechoslovakia. The assistance of the Red Army to the Slovak popular uprising is examined, the role of the Soviet Union in the organization of the Resistance Movement in Eastern Europe is shown.

scholarly journals Orphanages in Bashkiria during the Great Patriotic War: Materials from the National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan

2020 ◽  
pp. 566-577
Author(s):  
Rima N. Sulejmanova ◽  
◽  
Shamil N. Isyangulov ◽  
Gulfia Yu. Sultanguzhina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Labor Training ◽  
The Republic

The article draws on the materials of the National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan to discuss problems which had to face the orphanages financed from state budget in Bashkiria (one of the regions of the RSFSR) during the Great Patriotic War. To this day, the issue remains insufficiently studied, on national, as well as on regional scale. The documents preserved in the archive allow us to investigate the activities of the orphanages during the said period. As shown, 23 orphanages (including 4 Spanish ones) were evacuated from the Western regions of the country to Bashkiria in 1941–42. Some of them merged with local institutions. Most detailed information is given on the orphanages evacuated from Moscow. However, the article focuses on local institutions. It notes that from early 1941 to 1945, the number of orphanages increased by 4,7 times, number of pupils increased by 4,1 times . 90 orphanages were opened in the republic in 1943–1944. From early 1941 to November 1944, more than 24,000 children were placed in orphanages of the republic. Some children were adopted, taken under guardianship and patronage, employed by enterprises and institutions. Funds to support the increasing number of orphanages (including livestock, land, premises, equipment, food, etc.) were allocated from republican and district (city) budgets. The article shows the difficulties encountered in provision of material needs, organization of subsidiary farms, solving problems with the premises, arrangements for feeding. Pupils mainly worked on the plots themselves. Sometimes they were helped by kolkhozes and sovkhozes, in return the children participated in collective farm work. Various workshops were organized for labor training and self-maintaining, clubs were formed. The children organized amateur performances, the earnings was transferred to the fund of the Red Army. Malnutrition, lack of clothing and shoes, furniture and equipment affected the health of children and various diseases were spreading. The authors conclude that, in general, despite many difficulties, orphanages played an important role in saving the children's lives during the war.

Efflorescence Processes in Exterior Wall Surface of Buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 968 ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varvara Vinichenko ◽  
Viktoriya A. Ryazanova ◽  
Azat I. Gabitov ◽  
Ye. A. Udalova ◽  
Aleksander S. Salov
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
Ceramic Block ◽  
Alkali Salt ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Masonry Units

Alkali hydroxide and alkali salt possessing high solubility are considered to be one of main reasons for efflorescence occurrence in exterior walls of buildings made from solid masonry units. Analysis of alkaline attack on efflorescence processes in the surface of exterior walls of buildings is presented herein. Volumetric changes in solid phase materials in the course of alkali hydration and carbonation reactions under efflorescence are calculated by the proposed procedure. The indicated processes are confirmed by laboratory simulation and by field studies of ceramic block and lime brick masonries, and vibropressed concrete blocks within the Republic of Bashkortostan.

scholarly journals Ukraine and Ukrainians on the pages of books of The Bashkir Encyclopedia Scientific Publishing Complex

2014 ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Klara Agliullina ◽  
Liana Sharapova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Scientific Publishing ◽  
Science Culture ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

On the pages of The Bashkir Encyclopedia Scientific Publishing Complex editions provides broad information about Ukraine and Ukrainians living in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan, or activities associated with the development of industry, science, culture and other spheres. Occupy a special place articles on the activities of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR during the evacuation on the republic during the Great Patriotic War. Moreover, the activities of scientists of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, their contribution to the development of mechanical engineering, oil reVning, petrochemical and other industries, geology, physics, biochemistry and other branches of science is the subject of research of many scientists, ethnographers of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

The dynamics of demographic indices in the Republic of Bashkortostan

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victorov V. V. ◽  
◽  
Sharafutdinov M. A. ◽  
Mukhamadeeva O. R. ◽  
Pavlova M. Yu. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Demographic Indices ◽  
The Republic

Irrigation regime and water consumption of potatoes in the Republic of Bashkortostan, depending on the reclamation condition of lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Guzel Gumerova ◽  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Anatoly Shuravilin ◽  
Elena Piven
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

Data of long-term researches (2015–2018) in southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is justified theoretically and experimentally the mode of irrigation of potatoes on leached chernozems of unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good ameliorative condition of irrigated lands. For the growing periods of potatoes with different heat and moisture supply, the number of watering, the timing of their implementation, irrigation and irrigation norms are established. On lands with unsatisfactory meliorative state the number of irrigation depending on weather conditions of potato vegetation period varied from 0 to 3 (1.5 on average) with average irrigation norm – 990 m3/ha. With satisfactory meliorative state of lands the number of irrigation on average increased from 0 to 4 (2.3 on average) with irrigation norm – 1305 m3/ha. On lands with good meliorative state the number of irrigation was the highest – from 1 to 5 (3 on average) with average irrigation irrigation norm is 1653 m3/ha. It was noted that in the dry periods of potato vegetation the greatest number of watering was carried out (3–5 watering), and in the wet periods (2017) watering was not carried out except for the area with a good reclamation state, where only one irrigation was carried out by the norm of 550 m3/ha. Water consumption of potato was studied in dynamics as a whole during the growing season and the months of the growing season depending on weather conditions of vegetation period and land reclamation condition of irrigated lands, as well as in the control (without irrigation). The lowest total water consumption was in the area without irrigation and averaged 226.8 mm. In irrigated areas, its values increased to 319-353.4 mm. The average daily water consumption varied from 2.12 to 3.3 mm. The highest rates of potato water consumption were observed in June and July, and the lowest – in May and August. In the total water consumption of potatoes on the site without irrigation, the largest share was occupied by atmospheric precipitation and in addition to them the arrival of moisture from the soil. Irrigation water was used in irrigated areas along with precipitation, the share of which was 30.2–46.1 %.

Hygienic assessment of learning environment conditions (by the example of higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Elena Ju. Gorbatkova
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The City

Introduction. The important factors affecting health and performance of young people are the conditions of education, in particular, a comfortable microclimate in the classrooms of higher educational institutions. Materials and methods. In view of the urgency of this problem, an analysis was made of the microclimate parameters of educational organizations of different profiles (Ufa city, the Republic of Bashkortostan). 294 classrooms were studied in 22 buildings of 4 leading universities in Ufa. A total of 3,822 measurements were taken to determine the parameters of the microclimate. The analysis of ionizing radiation in the aerial environment of classrooms. There was performed determination of radon and its affiliated products content. In order to assess the conditions and lifestyle of students of 4 higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa, we conducted an anonymous survey of 1,820 students of I and IV years of education. Results. The average temperature in the classrooms of all universities studied was 23.9±0.09 C. The average relative humidity in all classrooms was 34.2 ± 0.42%. Analysis of ionizing radiation (radon and its daughter products decay) in the aerial environment of the classrooms and sports halls located in the basement determined that the average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of the radon daughter products (EROA ± Δ222Rn) ranged from 28 ± 14 to 69 ± 34.5 meter, which meets the requirements established by SanPiN. Conclusion. The hygienic assessment of the microclimate parameters of educational institutions of various profile revealed a number of deviations from the regulated norms. The results indicate the need to control the parameters of the microclimate, both from the administration of universities, and from the professors. According to the results of the study, recommendations were prepared for the management of higher educational institutions in Ufa.

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