scholarly journals Orphanages in Bashkiria during the Great Patriotic War: Materials from the National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan

2020 ◽  
pp. 566-577
Author(s):  
Rima N. Sulejmanova ◽  
◽  
Shamil N. Isyangulov ◽  
Gulfia Yu. Sultanguzhina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Labor Training ◽  
The Republic

The article draws on the materials of the National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan to discuss problems which had to face the orphanages financed from state budget in Bashkiria (one of the regions of the RSFSR) during the Great Patriotic War. To this day, the issue remains insufficiently studied, on national, as well as on regional scale. The documents preserved in the archive allow us to investigate the activities of the orphanages during the said period. As shown, 23 orphanages (including 4 Spanish ones) were evacuated from the Western regions of the country to Bashkiria in 1941–42. Some of them merged with local institutions. Most detailed information is given on the orphanages evacuated from Moscow. However, the article focuses on local institutions. It notes that from early 1941 to 1945, the number of orphanages increased by 4,7 times, number of pupils increased by 4,1 times . 90 orphanages were opened in the republic in 1943–1944. From early 1941 to November 1944, more than 24,000 children were placed in orphanages of the republic. Some children were adopted, taken under guardianship and patronage, employed by enterprises and institutions. Funds to support the increasing number of orphanages (including livestock, land, premises, equipment, food, etc.) were allocated from republican and district (city) budgets. The article shows the difficulties encountered in provision of material needs, organization of subsidiary farms, solving problems with the premises, arrangements for feeding. Pupils mainly worked on the plots themselves. Sometimes they were helped by kolkhozes and sovkhozes, in return the children participated in collective farm work. Various workshops were organized for labor training and self-maintaining, clubs were formed. The children organized amateur performances, the earnings was transferred to the fund of the Red Army. Malnutrition, lack of clothing and shoes, furniture and equipment affected the health of children and various diseases were spreading. The authors conclude that, in general, despite many difficulties, orphanages played an important role in saving the children's lives during the war.

scholarly journals IN MEMORY OF THE LEGENDARY COUNTRYMAN DAYAN MURZIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Ришат Нигматуллин
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
Guerrilla Movement

In our country, 2020 has been declared the Year of Memory and Glory by a decree of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. More than 25 million citizens of our country gave their lives for the Victory. The Republic of Bashkortostan made a significant contribution to the victory over fascist Germany. The names of such heroes of the Great Patriotic War as Minigali Shaimuratov, Musa Gareev, Tagir Kusimov, Dayan Murzin, Alexander Matrosov and Minigali Gubaidullin became known outside the republic and country. The article is devoted to the combat path of Dayan Bayanovich Murzin, who was an active participant in the guerrilla movement and the Resistance Movement in Czechoslovakia, the hero of Czechoslovakia. The assistance of the Red Army to the Slovak popular uprising is examined, the role of the Soviet Union in the organization of the Resistance Movement in Eastern Europe is shown.

scholarly journals Бесхозяйственность и хищения колхозно-кооперативной собственности в колхозах Башкирии в конце 1960-х – первой половине 1980-х гг. как системное явление

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-487
Author(s):  
Narkas V. Akhmadieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Unlimited Access ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Material Values ◽  
Economic Crimes ◽  
Party State ◽  
Collective Farms

Introduction. The late 1960s and the first half of the 1980s saw a significant growth of the tendency for mismanagement and misappropriation of socialist property in the kolkhozes (collective farms) of Bashkiria. Such forms of antisocial and criminal behavior of the citizens appears to be a relevant subject. The aim of the present article is to analyze the issues of mismanagement and theft of socialist property in the kolkhozes of Bashkiria in the late 1960s — the first half of the 1980s. In this aspect, several lines of research have been identified: i) to analyze the forms of illegal use of funds and of material values of the farms, examining the phenomena in their dynamics; ii) to examine the work of the control and auditing bodies in the farms; and iii) to analyze a complex of measures taken by the party, state, and other supervisory bodies to counter the growth of economic crimes in kolkhozes. Sources. The archival documents from the National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan help to draw a detailed picture of the dynamics in the growth of mismanagement and stealing of collective farm property in Bashkiria, as well as of measures taken to counter these negative phenomena. Methods. The thematic chronological research method proved to be relevant for the analysis and identification of the issues related to the preservation of social property in the farms of Bashkiria, as well as of measures taken by the authorities to stop the facts of misappropriation and mismanagement. The principles of objectivity and historicism applied to a concrete historical situation made it possible to draw a non-partisan picture of the period in question. Results. The research has shown that during the period under study criminal mismanagement in the region took place in many collective farms, accompanied by numerous thefts of socialist property and this happened despite measures taken by the authorities. These crimes were often committed by representatives of the economic nomenclature, who had unlimited access to resources. Conclusion. Between the late 1960s and mid-1980s, the thefts of socialist property and mismanagement events in the collective farms of Bashkiria acquired an intractable systemic character, fostering antisocial sentiments in the rural section and society at large.

scholarly journals Military Burials of the Great Patriotic War on the Territory of the Belarusian-Latvian- Russian Border in the Soviet Practice of Immortalization of Memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
A. I. Korsak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Archive ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Pskov Region ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Village

Using archival materials from the National Archive of the Republic of Belarus, the State Archive of Vitebsk region, the Polotsk Zonal State Archive, and the Daugavpils Zonal State Archive of the National Archive of Latvia, as well as published documents of Russian archives and works of historians, this article examines the process of preserving the memory of the fallen soldiers of the Red (Soviet) Army on the territory of the Belarusian- Latvian-Russian border in the post-war Soviet period. The main conclusion is the correctness (incorrectness) of decision making by Soviet authorities at the level of districts and cities in relation to immortalization of the memory of fallen soldiers of the Red (Soviet) Army and partisans. One example of the primary analysis of a common grave in the village of Shevelevo in the Palkinskiy district of the Pskov region. The comparative analysis of the policy of preserving the memory of those who died during the Great Patriotic War, by taking into account military burials and their further memorialization at the Belarusian-Latvian-Russian border in the post-war period, gives us the opportunity to ascertain the specifics of the Soviet republics in this direction. The actions of the Soviet leadership depended on the time of liberation of the territory from the Nazis, as well as the quality of work of the “funeral teams” that were to perform the function of burial of the bodies of the Red (Soviet) Army soldiers after the end of the battle.

scholarly journals WOMEN OF THE MARI ASSR ON THE FRONTS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-475
Author(s):  
Ananias Gerasimovich Ivanov ◽  
Alina Borisovna Filonova
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Voluntary Basis

The article discusses the exploits of the women of the Mari ASSR on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). Particular attention is drawn to their participation in various military units. Concrete examples of the heroism of female snipers, scouts, partisans, pilots are cited, the importance of the task of establishing communications between military units, groups and subunits is noted. It is reported that a significant number of the female population from the Mari Republic assisted the active army, working as nurses and medics. During the Great Patriotic War, they saved the lives of thousands of soldiers of the Red Army, providing them with medical care in hospitals and in a timely manner removing wounded soldiers from the battlefield. Emphasis is placed on the patriotism and dedication of women, who overcame fear in the front and almost on a par with the men who defended the country from the onslaught of German troops. It is indicated that most of them went to the front on a voluntary basis. Already in the first days of the war, numerous applications came to the military registration and enlistment offices of the republic with a request to send them to the front. Women of the Mari ASSR responsibly approached the training of various military specialties and showed results directly at the front. It is emphasized that most of the women who had fought heroically died during the execution of the most important combat missions and were posthumously awarded high awards. The author focuses on the indisputable contribution of women of the Mari ASSR to the Victory during the Great Patriotic War.

scholarly journals Buryatia in the Days of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45: Documentary Evidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 633-639
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Ivanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
The State ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Plan

The review is dedicated to the collection “Buryatia in the days of the Great Patriotic War: 1941–45,” compiled from documents stored in the fonds of the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia (GARB). The publication includes over 400 documents revealing various aspects of the republic inhabitants’ activities in the wartime. Documents are grouped into two sections. The first section mostly contains previously unpublished record keeping materials: decisions of local bodies of Soviet power at various levels, extracts from meetings of party committees, resolutions of rallies, reports on fulfillment and overfulfillment of state plan for supplying industrial and agricultural products, as well as appeals of workers and collective farmers to the Central Committee of the CPSU (B) and to J. V. Stalin personally. Some documents reveal the scale of uncompensated assistance provided by the residents of Buryatia, who gave money, livestock, and personal belongings to the state Defense Fund. Of interest is published correspondence with the command of partisan detachments, formed in part from residents of the republic, reports on trips to the front with labour gifts, and other documents. The second section contains sources of personal provenance: diaries and correspondence of military personnel called to the front from the republic and letters from the inhabitants of Buryatia to the army. Among the documents in this section there are excerpts from the diary of the Hero of the Soviet Union V. B. Borsoev, which is being published for the first time in this volume. The author describes the first period of World War II, the difficulties in supplying the warring army, the inability of the Red Army to fight and that of the commanders to control the troops. Front-line letters from soldiers and officers to their relatives and friends tell of the exploits and everyday life of the warring army, of the desire to defeat the enemy as quickly as possible and to return to peaceful life in the republic. The letters of the Kozulin brothers – Ivan, Alexei and Alexander, tankers who died in 1941–42, will undoubtedly attract the readers’ attention. The documents of the collection create a holistic picture of life and production activities of the population of Buryatia in the days of the war, reflect the complex and dramatic process of the regional economy restructuring for the needs of the country's defense, convey the labour heroism of industrial and agricultural workers and creative intelligentsia of the republic. The materials of the book recreate a true picture of those events, greatly enrich our knowledge on the life of the population of Buryatia in 1941–45, and, undoubtedly, serve as a valuable source for historians and for those interested in the topic.

scholarly journals Gathering as a Mode of Livelihood for Bashkirs in the Mountainous Forest Area of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the Years of Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Z.F. Khasanova
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Wild Berries

Data in this article are based on the analysis of ethnographic field studies and materials conducted by the author. The study considers gathering as a mode of livelihood of the Bashkirs who inhabited the mountain forests of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the years of the Great Patriotic War. The materials were collected during the period 2010-2019 in Arkhangelsk, Abzelilovskiy, Beloretsk, Burzyanskiy, Belokatayskiy, Baltachevskiy, Mechetlinskiy, Salavatskiy, Duvanskiy districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan. For survival the Bashkirs used the traditional ways of livelihood - fishing, hunting, forestry and gathering. The last one was the most important mode, which provided them with food and served as a cure from different diseases. Typically, the Bashkirs began to collect plants and roots in early spring after cold and grueling winter, as soon as the first greens appeared on the mountains and hills. In summer, villagers collected berries and fruits, in autumn - berries of shrubs, plants and roots. Those roots and plants were consumed both raw and cooked. The collected plants were used for cooking soups, roots - for making flatbreads and porridge, berries - for making pastila and fillings for the pie. Knowledge of the plants helped many Bashkirs to survive their life during the Great Patriotic War. The Bashkirs, having allotments and gardens still like gathering wild berries and fruits.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE AVAILABILITY OF MEDICINES FOR THE TREATMENT OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Zh. V. Mironenkova ◽  
A. F. Davletianova ◽  
L. M. Gabdulkhakova ◽  
Y. G. Ilunova ◽  
S. N. Ivakina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

According to the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 01.12.2004 № 715 the disease caused by the virus of immunodeficiency of the person enter the list of socially significant diseases and the list of the diseases presenting danger to people around. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the dynamics of the volume of procurement of medicines for the treatment of HIV-infected patients and the assortment availability of antiretroviral medicines in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The studies were conducted during the period of 2010–2016 years. The objects were the materials of reporting of the State Budget Health Agency Republican Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS and infectious diseases, electronic cards of government contracts. Methods of research: statistical, marketing, logic-economic, ATC/DDDs. The average growth rate in procurement of antiretroviral medicines is relatively the basic 2010 in monetary terms amounted to 168,52%. The largest share (1⁄2 part) were domestic medicines with one active substance. In value terms, there is a significant reduction of 26,74% in the volume of purchases of imported medicines with one active substance. At the same time, the import antiretroviral medicines were more in demand among combined antiretroviral medicines: their share increased by 28,56%. In natural terms, the share of domestic medicines with one active substance increased by 49,37%, in general, the share of the volume of antiretroviral medicines purchases of domestic production increased by 2,64 times. An analysis was conducted of the levels of management of assortment based on the calculation of the coefficients of the latitude of ARVs, regional mesocontours of domestic and imported ARVs of the six of the analyzed ATCgroups 4-th level were formed. The number of average daily doses of DDDs/1000 people/day for ARVs was calculated. It is established that the dominating in 2010–2016 there were ARVs of two ATC-subgroups: non-nucleoside — reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and Nucleoside — reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), which corresponds to the preferred first-line regimen for patients who had not previously taken antiretroviral therapy.

Memorial complexes – cultural and historical heritage of future generations

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Татьяна Спатарь-Козаченко ◽  
Tatyana Spatar-Kozachenko
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Republic ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
The Village

The article is devoted to the Great Patriotic War, the Iasi-Chisinau and Uman-Botoshani offensives, the glorious feats of the Soviet sons on the battlefields and in the rear, who were able to save the world from the fascist tyranny. Uman-Botoshani offensive began March 5, 1944. The author tells about this complicated operation, which has resulted to the releasing of southern regions of Right Bank of Ukraine, part of the Moldavian Soviet republic, as a result, the Red Army crossed the Soviet border, entering the territory of the Romanian kingdom. The important role of the Iasi-Kishinev operation is emphasized, which began on August 20, 1944. During these battles was destroyed largest German-Romanian grouping is in this area. The author offers the route visiting of battle glory places in the Republic of Moldova, where the rise on pedestals legendary tanks T-34-85. The monument "Tank" to liberators of northern Beltsy city - battle tank T-34, which was struck in the fighting in the course the Iasi-Kishinev operation. Many defenders of Beltsy became its honorable citizens: Hero of the Soviet Union B. Makeev, twice Hero of the Soviet Union I. Konev, three times Hero of the Soviet Union I. Kozhedub, three times Hero of the Soviet Union A. Pokryshkin. The second memorial is Mound of Glory in Dubossary. Kurgan stands on a man-made T-34. In 1968 from the Dniester River was extracted a fighting machine with the remains of the crew. In Tiraspol at the Memorial of Glory established the T-34-85. It is a monument to the fallen soldiers of the Great Patriotic War. The crew was perished in Hungary. In the Gagauz Comrat city August 22, 1989, was erected on a pedestal of the tank T-34 of the 36th a tank brigade, which has participated in battles for the city. The next point of our route is south of Moldova. Here, at the beginning of the war had taken an unequal battle and had fought heroically the border guards. On the road Cahul - Moscovei erected a monument "Tank", dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the victory over fascism. Between the villages of Leuseni-Onesti is situated a memorial complex with a monument to the Unknown Soldier. In 1941 in this place perished in an unequal battle with the occupiers soldiers of the 161th Moldovan infantry regiment. 25 years later the monument was erected - on top of the mountain on a pedestal stands a legendary machine T-34-85, which a quarter of a century has laid on the bottom of the river Prut. The last point of our route is the village Chinisheuzi in Rezina district. Villagers were initiators of fundraising for the construction of a tank column: from the residents of Moldova collected more than half a million rubles and built column "From Moldova workers." The article tells about the threat of the dismantling of monuments to soldiers-liberators and their protection of citizens of the republic. The silent witnesses of past battles of heroes of the Great Patriotic War are stand on pedestals, reminding for us, the descendants, that we must cherish the historical memory.

scholarly journals Archiving Development in Bashkiria in the 1920s: Pages of History

2020 ◽  
pp. 393-402
Author(s):  
Bayras V. Burangulov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
National Archive ◽  
The State ◽  
District Court ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Public Property ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Bashkir Assr ◽  
The Republic

The article examines problems of archival documents protection in the Bashkir ASSR in the first years of the Soviet power. History of the State Archival Service of Bashkiria goes back to August 11, 1919, when the Ufa Gubernia Division of the Glavarchive (Main Directorate for Archiving) was founded by resolution of the Collegium of the Glavarchive of the RSFSR. Alongside with the Ufa Gubernia Archive there was the Archive of the BASSR in Sterlitamak, capital of Small Bashkiria. It was established upon initiative of the Head of the Bashkir Revolutionary Committee A. Z. Validov on March 18, 1920. The article reviews the historiography of the issue. Its novelty is based on using unpublished sources from the fonds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan, and State Archive of the Orenburg Region (one of major and oldest regional archives), that are being thus introduced into scientific use. The article reviews main episodes, concerning documents protection: loss of archival materials in the days of the Civil War, first attempts of acquisition and archive fonds systematization. It focuces on issues of preservation of archival fonds of the Ufa Gubernia Government, Ufa District Court, Ufa Religious Consistory, Ufa Gendarmery Department, Orenburg Mohammedan Religious Assembly, Orenburg Education District, Ufa Directorate for Agriculture and Public Property, Ufa Gubernia Zemstvo, Ufa Land Use Commission. It also describes identification of the 1920s volost and country manorial archives of the Usergan, Burzyan-Tangaur, Tabyn, and Yurmaty cantons of Bashkiria. The article addresses the loss of archival documents due to events of the Civil War, absence of archival repositories, insufficient funding of archiving, and stealage. Nevertheless, the analysis of regional archive activities in the documents preservation sphere demonstrates that invaluable archival documentary heritage of Bashkiria has mostly survived, despite poor conditions of archival records storage.

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