Water vapor and CMAS corrosion tests of Si/Y2SiO5 Thermal and Environmental Barrier Coating

Thermal and environmental barrier coating (TEBC), the up-to-date concept, is introduced to protect silicon-based ceramics matrix composites (CMC) from not only high temperature water vapor but also the alkali salt from volcanic ash and dust suspending in atmosphere. Because both of high temperature steam and CMAS will make Si-based CMC deteriorate rapidly. By executing the corrosion test against high temperature water vapor, we find that Si/Y2SiO5 double-layer TEBC can effectively protect SiCf/SiC CMC from water vapor at 1300 ℃ for over 205 hours. Almost all Y2SiO5 transform into Y4.67(SiO4)3O after corrosion test. It is also found that in CMAS corrosion test, the reaction zone formed between CMAS and Y2SiO5 layer prevents the mutual diffusion of elements in CMAS and Y2SiO5 layer. The apparent activation energy of reaction between CMAS and Y2SiO5 in 1200~1300℃ temperature ranges is calculated to be 713.749kJ/mol. These findings provide a reference to select appropriate materials for TEBC.

Involvement of 5-Serotonin and Substance p Pathways in Dichroa Alkali Salt-Induced Acute Pica in Rats

Dichroa alkali salt (DAS) is the active ingredient of Changshan, a traditional Chinese antimalarial medicine. However, owing to its vomiting side effects, its clinical use is limited. Recently, DAS-induced vomiting has attracted broad attention; however, the mechanisms involved have not yet been elucidated. The present study aimed to explore DAS induced vomiting and decipher the potential role of the 5-serotonin (5-HT) and substance p (SP) signaling pathways. We used a combination of approaches in the context of a rat pica model, such as immunoblot analysis, HPLC-ECD, ELISA, quantitative real-time PCR, pharmacological inhibition, and immunohistochemistry assays. We demonstrated that DAS contributed to Changshan-induced vomiting via the activation of the 5-HT and SP signaling pathways. DAS could induce a dose-dependent kaolin intake in the rat pica model. Moreover, DAS caused a similar profile as Cisplatin (DDP): “low-dose double-peak, high-dose single-peak pica phenomenon”. Interestingly, treatment with DAS stimulated the peripheral ileum and central medulla oblongata and augmented the release of 5-HT, SP, and preprotachykinin-A and the expression of 5-HT3 and NK1 receptors in the two issues in acute phase. Additionally, the 5-HT3 and NK1 receptor antagonists effectively alleviated DAS-induced kaolin intake and significantly reduced DAS-induced 5-HT and SP levels in the two issues in acute phase. Similar responses were not observed in the context of dopamine receptor inhibition. This study innovatively revealed that the 5-HT and SP-mediated vomiting network plays an important role in DAS-induced acute vomiting; of note, ondansetron, and aprepitant can effectively antagonize DAS-induced vomiting. Our results suggest a potential therapeutic strategy (based on drugs approved for human use) to prevent the DAS-associated adverse reactions.

The study on the power of monofunctional reactive dyes: The influence of the ionic strength solution on coloring of cotton fabric

Reactive dyes are the most popular dyes for dyeing cellulose fibers. The low affinity of dyes on cotton determines the presence of large amounts of electrolytes and additional substances in the dyeing bath. In recent years, methods for increased use of dyes with minimal consumption of chemicals and natural resources have been popular. The number of ions formed by the dissociation of electrolytes determines the ionic strength of the solution and has a promotional effect on exhaustion and fixation of reactive dyes. In this work, the influence of neutral salts (NaCl and Na2SO4) and alkali salt (Na2CO3) on the color intensity of cotton fabric by reactive dyes has been investigated. A bath with a higher ionic strength of neutral salt has a greater exhaustion of reactive dyes. The addition of an alkaline electrolyte to activate the chemical dye/fiber reaction has an additional promotional effect on the exhaustion of reactive dyes.

Apatite/Salt Slurry Emission Control of Post Combustion Flue Gas of Lignite and Coal in Fluidized Bed - Double Circulation Microwave Column Adsorber

Heated Ca apatite slimes in microwave radiated salt slurries are one of the most promising technologies for advanced fuel energy storage with favorable economic potential and intrinsic properties. The development of solid pellet technology for molten salt is a key issue in the heat transport processing. The apathite phosphate, slurry salt in the slime-salt bath mixes was investigated under microwave radiation heating to result in insoluble sorbent fines dissolved in porous basket. The insoluble consists of noble metal fission products, such as Pb, Zn, Cu. In this study, there have been very few transport studies of wet steam alkali slurry (metal fines-molten alkali salt mixture). Bath ferrite/apatite particle size changed the heat conductivity to salt bath. A major reason is that the retention time in fixed film processes is longer than in solid–gas processes. This allows more time to the heat absorption for cracking to the desorbed persistent compounds. Furthermore, radiated ferrite by microwave allows a sufficient intimate contact between coal and biomass surface pores and gas atmosphere in the furnace due to more pyrolysis gas desorption. Bubbling slurry of sorbent porosity decreases while temperature decreases. There was a critical porous structure of bubbling sorbent bath which is a factor that determines to a great extent both the sorbent rate and degree of boiling it was found that, a porous slurry bath over 45% was more efficient with radiated a low amount ferrite below weight rate of 15% in microwave column.

Microwave Caustic Slurry Carbonation of Flue Gas of Coal Power Plants in Double Hot Tube Bed for CO2 Sequestration

There have been very few transport studies of caustic alkali slurry (metal fines-caustic alkali salt mixture). Bath serpentinite particle size changed the heat conductivity to salt bath. A major reason is that the retention time in fixed film processes is longer than in solid–gas processes. This allows more time to the heat absorption for cracking to the desorbed persistent compounds. Furthermore, heavy serpantinite allows an sufficient intimate contact between coal and biomass surface pores and gas atmosphere in the furnace due to more pyrolysis gas desorption. For seeing the sustainability sequestration and environmental concerns in feasibility sight, the microwave heating technologies encompassing natural carbonation, precipitates for soil remediation and toxic gas sorption was offered to be adopted in Şırnak Asphaltite/Batman Oil Fields cases. In many places, amine sequestration techniques can work synergistically for better results. This study determines to a great extent both the high rate and degree of carbonation under pressurized sludge at 5–10 bar so it was found that, a porous sludge bath over 45% sludge was more efficiently conducted even at a low amount serpantinite slime weight rate, below weight rate of 15%.

Control of Particle Size in Flame Spray Pyrolysis of Tb–doped Y2O3 for Bio-Imaging

Recently, the use of oxide-based nanomaterials for bio-imaging has received great attention owing to their remarkable stabilities as compared to those of conventional organic dyes. Therefore, the development of scalable methods for highly luminescent oxide materials with fine control of size has become crucial. In this study, we suggested modified flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) as a scalable method to produce a green-light emitting phosphor—Tb–doped Y2O3—in the nanometer size range. In our FSP method, an alkali salt (NaNO3) was found to be highly effective as a size-controlling agent when it is simply mixed with other metal nitrate precursors. The FSP of the mixture solution resulted in oxide composites of Y2O3:Tb3+ and NaxO. However, the sodium by-product was easily removed by washing with water. This salt-assisted FSP produced nano-sized and well-dispersed Y2O3:Tb3+ nanoparticles; their crystallinity and luminescence were higher than those of the bulk product made without the addition of the alkali salt. The nanoparticle surface was further coated with silica for biocompatibility and functionalized with amino groups for the attachment of biological molecules.