Merging behavior and its effects on evacuation time during a total evacuation in a staircase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Ootsuka ◽  
Manabu Tange ◽  
Yoshikazu Minegishi ◽  
Yoshifumi Ohmiya ◽  
Tomonori Sano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Merging Behavior

scholarly journals Analysis of the Evacuation Capacity of Parallel Double Running Stairs in Different Merging Form Based on Simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia-zhong Zheng ◽  
Xue-ling Xie ◽  
Dan Tian ◽  
Jian-lan Zhou ◽  
Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Evacuation Model ◽  
Merging Behavior

In order to analyze the evacuation capacity of parallel double running stairs, a dozen stairs merging forms are set by investigation and statistics, and the improved agent-based evacuation model that considers the merging behavior is used to simulate the process of merging and evacuation in the stairs. The stairs evacuation capacity is related to the evacuation time and the robustness of stairs, and the evacuation time can be calculated by using the improved agent-based model based on computer simulation. The robustness of each merging form can be obtained according to the fluctuation degree of evacuation time under the different pedestrian flow. The evaluation model of stairs evacuation capacity is established by fusing the evacuation time and the robustness of stairs. Combined with the specific example to calculate the evacuation capacity of each stairs form, it is found that every merging form has different evacuation time and different robustness, and the evacuation time has not positive correlation with the robustness for the same form stairs. Meanwhile, the evacuation capacity of stairs is not related to the number of the floor entrances. Finally, the results show that the evacuation capacity of stairs is optimal when the floor entrances are close to out stairs in parallel double running stairs and suitable to the case where pedestrian flow and the change of pedestrian flow are large.

Estimating of Public Evacuation Time based on System Dynamics for NPP Radioactive Leakage Accident

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Hyung Won Lee ◽  
Min Ho Cha ◽  
Chang Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Evacuation Time

scholarly journals Establishing the basis for a school bus emergency evacuation time standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 100389
Author(s):  
Gerard A. Davis ◽  
Yousif Abulhassan
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
School Bus ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Time Standard

Using Standardized Checklists Increase the Completion Rate of Critical Actions in an Evacuation from the Operating Room: A Randomized Controlled Simulation Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 393-400
Author(s):  
Yahya A. Acar ◽  
Neil Mehta ◽  
Mary-Ann Rich ◽  
Banu Karakus Yilmaz ◽  
Matthew Careskey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Completion Rate ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
In Situ Simulation ◽  
Additional Equipment ◽  
Vertical Evacuation ◽  
Preparation Phase ◽  
Patients With Special Needs

AbstractIntroduction:Hospital evacuations of patients with special needs are extremely challenging, and it is difficult to train hospital workers for this rare event.Hypothesis/Problem:Researchers developed an in-situ simulation study investigating the effect of standardized checklists on the evacuation of a patient under general anesthesia from the operating room (OR) and hypothesized that checklists would improve the completion rate of critical actions and decrease evacuation time.Methods:A vertical evacuation of the high-fidelity manikin (SimMan3G; Laerdal Inc.; Norway) was performed and participants were asked to lead the team and evacuate the manikin to the ground floor after a mock fire alarm. Participants were randomized to two groups: one was given an evacuation checklist (checklist group [CG]) and the other was not (non-checklist group [NCG]). A total of 19 scenarios were run with 28 participants.Results:Mean scenario time, preparation phase of evacuation, and time to transport the manikin down the stairs did not differ significantly between groups (P = .369, .462, and .935, respectively). The CG group showed significantly better performance of critical actions, including securing the airway, taking additional drug supplies, and taking additional equipment supplies (P = .047, .001, and .001, respectively). In the post-evacuation surveys, 27 out of 28 participants agreed that checklists would improve the evacuation process in a real event.Conclusion:Standardized checklists increase the completion rate of pre-defined critical actions in evacuations out of the OR, which likely improves patient safety. Checklist use did not have a significant effect on total evacuation time.

A novel crowd flow model based on linear fractional stable motion

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (09) ◽  
pp. 1650049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Wei ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Zhenya Wu ◽  
Junlin He ◽  
Yangyong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Stable Motion ◽  
Crowd Density ◽  
Linear Fractional Stable Motion ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Fractional Stable Motion

For the evacuation dynamics in indoor space, a novel crowd flow model is put forward based on Linear Fractional Stable Motion. Based on position attraction and queuing time, the calculation formula of movement probability is defined and the queuing time is depicted according to linear fractal stable movement. At last, an experiment and simulation platform can be used for performance analysis, studying deeply the relation among system evacuation time, crowd density and exit flow rate. It is concluded that the evacuation time and the exit flow rate have positive correlations with the crowd density, and when the exit width reaches to the threshold value, it will not effectively decrease the evacuation time by further increasing the exit width.

Experimental Study of an Airplane Accident Evacuation/Rescue Simulation Using 3D Kinematic Digital Human Models

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kakizaki ◽  
Jiro Urii ◽  
Mitsuru Endo
Keyword(s):  
Test Field ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Digital Human Models ◽  
Emergency Exit ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Evacuation Drills ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Mass Evacuation ◽  
Digital Human

The 3D mass evacuation simulation of an airplane accident is experimentally verified. Evacuee motion has been experimentally investigated by building a test field that emulates the interior of an actual regional airliner with a capacity of approximately 100 passengers. The experiment results indicate that the evacuation time tends to be affected by the number of passengers and the evacuee guidance at the emergency exit. The results also indicate that any evacuation delay in exiting by individual passengers only slightly affects the total evacuation time because of evacuee congestion in the aisles. Moreover, the importance of evacuation guidance notification was investigated based on the evacuation-order variance. Finally, the experimental results were compared to the corresponding simulation results. Simulations using appropriate evacuee walking speeds can provide valid evacuation times, which are the most important factor in designing evacuation drills. Consequently, these results should be applied to existing 3D simulations using precise KDH models for more accurate mass evacuation/rescue simulations.

Unravelling Orientation Distribution and Merging Behavior of Monolayer MoS2Domains on Sapphire

Nano Letters ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Ji ◽  
Min Kan ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yao Guo ◽  
Donglin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Merging Behavior

Fast flow algorithm prioritizing the most time-consuming source point by using a multi-source evacuation model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfang Yang ◽  
Hao Lin ◽  
Junbiao Guan
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Source Point ◽  
The People ◽  
Flow Algorithm ◽  
Evacuation Model ◽  
Fast Flow ◽  
Capacity Constrained

In many public spaces (e.g. colleges and shopping malls), people are frequently distributed discretely, and thus, single-source evacuation, which means there’s only one point of origin, is not always a feasible solution. Hence, this paper discusses a multi-source evacuation model and algorithm, which are intended to evacuate all the people that are trapped within the minimum possible time. This study presents a fast flow algorithm to prioritize the most time-consuming source point under the constraint of route and exit capacity to reduce the evacuation time. This fast flow algorithm overcomes the deficiencies in the existing global optimization fast flow algorithm and capacity constrained route planner (CCRP) algorithm. For the fast flow algorithm, the first step is to determine the optimal solution to single-source evacuation and use the evacuation time of the most time-consuming source and exit gate set as the initial solution. The second step is to determine a multi-source evacuation solution by updating the lower limit of the current evacuation time and the exit gate set continually. The final step is to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the algorithm through comparison.

Simulation and Experiment of Mass Evacuation to a Tsunami Evacuation Tower

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kakizaki ◽  
Jiro Urii ◽  
Mitsuru Endo
Keyword(s):  
Nankai Trough ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Group Population ◽  
Motion Characteristics ◽  
Mass Evacuation ◽  
Digital Human

A 3D mass evacuation simulation using precise kinematic digital human (KDH) models and an experimental study are discussed. The tidal wave associated with the large tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake was responsible for more than 90% of the disaster casualties. Unfortunately, it is expected that other huge tsunamis could occur in Japan coastal areas if an earthquake with magnitude greater than 8 occurred along the Nankai Trough. Therefore, recent disaster prevention plans should include evacuation to higher buildings, elevated ground, and construction of tsunami evacuation towers. In the evacuation simulation with 500 KDHs, the mass consists of several subgroups. It is shown that the possible evacuation path of each group should be carefully determined to minimize the evacuation time. Several properties such as evacuee motion characteristics of KDHs, number of evacuees, exit gates and, number of injured persons were carefully considered in the simulation. Evacuee motion was also experimentally investigated by building a test field that simulates the structure of an actual tsunami evacuation tower for accommodating approximately 120 evacuees. The experimental results suggest that an appropriately divided group population may effectively reduce the overall group evacuation time. The results also suggest that the fatigue due to walking during evacuation adversely affect the total evacuation time, especially the ascent of stairways. The experimental data can be used to obtain more accurate simulations of mass evacuation.

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