Polygamy from Quraish Shihab’s View in the Tafsir Al-Mishbah

This paper aims to find out the method used by Quraish and the factors that influenced his interpretation of polygamy in the Tafsir of Al-Mishbah. This research is a literature research using Arkoun's hermeneutic approach in analyzing the Quraish interpretation of Polygamy in his Tafsir. Data collection was carried out by citing and analyzing relevant literature on the issue discussed, then reviewing and concluding it. The results of this study indicate that polygamy is pictured as a small emergency exit that can only be conducted in emergency situation. The method used by Quraish Shihab in his interpretation of polygamy is the tahlili method, and the approach is more dominantly contextual. Likewise, the factores that influenced his interpretation include his social settings, schools of thought, and such figures such as Al-Biqai, Muh. Abduh, Tabataba'i, and Al-Farmawy.

A Study to Improve Recognition of Emergency Exits

Many cases have been reported in which evacuees fail to escape during a fire because they could not identify the emergency exit sign owing to the fire evacuation route being smoke-filled. Although there are a few laws that regulate the equipment that would guide evacuees to an exit, several cases have indicated equipment malfunctioning. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to identify a means for people to easily recognize emergency exits by analyzing cases and regulations. We suggest a few guidelines for the installation of emergency exits in a way that they may be easily recognized. Additionally, we suggest that the following be made compulsory: the installation of emergency exit lines containing light sources in corridors, passages, and stairs; the installation of signs above or exit lights below the exits; and the installation of automatic opening and closing devices onto emergency doors leading to roof doors. In addition, blocking devices and warning signs should be installed on all floors higher than the emergency exits.

A Case Study of Constraint Cross-Passage Construction in Urban Tunneling

The paper aimed at a detailed case study of cross-passage, which is forced to design and construct by connecting the station box and main tube tunnel of Marol Naka station in Mumbai Metro Line 3, since the marol Naka is densely populated area and elevated metro line is passing over an underground station, therefore further excavation of tunnel is done through the cross-passage. In these station, the cross- passage is constructed for public utilities for connecting the station box to the platform and also for the emergency exit. During tunnel construction, the cross passage is excavated after the main tunnel has been constructed. At the same time, the safety of the cross passage and the stability of the tunnel must be ensured by instrumentation and monitoring. Design of the cross- passage is achieved according to the principles of “New Austrian Tunnelling Method’ (NATM) and the composite lining structure is adopted. NATM is used to widen the station platform which is initially tunnelled by the TBM. The dimension of 230m long and 15m wide Marol Naka station has 16 cross-passages which are constructed connecting the station box to the platform; the observations and the designing part- Finite Element method is used in order to evaluate stress deformations induced on the cross-passage. Keywords: Cross passage, NATM, TBM, Finite element method, Marol Naka station, Emergency exit.

Characteristics of Fires and Human Damage in Amusement Facilities

Amusement facilities, which include entertainment bars and karaoke bars, can be very vulnerable to fires in terms of use types and spatial characteristics. For this reason, fires and human damage occur often in such facilities. To reduce fires and human damage in amusement facilities efficiently, a careful comparative analysis of the causes of fires, responses, and characteristics of casualties is important, and can assist in uncovering problems and in developing solutions. In this study, a statistical analysis was performed using the following main factors: characteristics of the legal system, safety facilities in amusement facilities, statistics representing the harm prevented by emergency exit installation in amusement facilities, fires and casualties over the last five years, causes of fires, and human damage caused by fires. Compared to other public venues, electrical fires occur in amusement facilities at a high rate, and while the arson rate is especially low (2.8%), the casualty rate is high (72.7%). Therefore, it is important to develop both reasonable electrical safety measures with consideration to the purposes of amusement facilities and the particular needs of the business, and appropriate protocols for evacuation in order to avoid casualties resulting from arson and fires.

Decision response of subway evacuation signs based on brain component features

Due to safety issues when passengers get on and off the subway and spend a lot of time on the subway, this makes subway station signs very important. Moreover, in case of fire and other dangerous situations and emergency evacuation, the guiding signs must be able to guide passengers to leave the station and dangerous areas efficiently and orderly, so as to protect the personal and property safety of passengers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the decision response of subway evacuation signs using the characteristics of the brain components. In this study, subway model is constructed. When you perform simulation using software, you need to fine tune the parameters to get the best simulation effect. A questionnaire survey was made on the components of the subway sign. The results show that the number of people who think that the standard font of the blackboard logo is the most representative of the emergency exit, accounting for 78.2% of the total number of people, taking the image as the first choice accounted for 52.9% of the total number of people, and the green sulfur powder logo as the first choice accounted for 69.8% of the total number. This study makes an important contribution to the research of subway traffic safety problems.

Examining Evacuee Response to Emergency Communications with Agent-Based Simulations

To improve communication during emergencies, this research introduces an agent-based modeling (ABM) method to test the effect of psychological emergency communication strategies on evacuation performance. We follow a generative social science approach in which agent-based simulations allow for testing different candidate solutions. Unlike traditional methods, such as laboratory experiments and field observations, ABM simulation allows high-risk and infrequent scenarios to be empirically examined before applying the lessons in the real world. This is essential, as emergency communication with diverse crowds can be challenging due to language barriers, conflicting social identities, different cultural mindsets, and crowd demographics. Improving emergency communication could therefore improve evacuations, reduce injuries, and ultimately save lives. We demonstrate this ABM method by determining the effectiveness of three communication strategies for different crowd compositions in transport terminals: (1) dynamic emergency exit floor lighting directing people to exits, (2) staff guiding people to exits with verbal and physical instructions, and (3) public announcements in English. The simulation results indicated that dynamic emergency exit floor lighting and staff guiding people to exits were only beneficial for high-density crowds and those unfamiliar with the environment. Furthermore, English public announcements actually slowed the evacuation for mainly English-speaking crowds, due to simultaneous egress causing congestion at exits, but improved evacuation speed in multicultural, multilingual crowds. Based on these results, we make recommendations about which communication strategies to apply in the real world to demonstrate the utility of this ABM simulation approach for risk assessment practice.

Numerical Simulation of an Aircraft Emergency Escape in the Air

The paper describes some methods of mathematical modeling of the process of emergency exit from an aircraft in flight. The ejection of a static dummy from the emergency exit is simulated, its position in space near the aircraft is determined for one second.