The Influence of Different Obturation Systems on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Roots. An in Vitro Study

Objective: This study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated roots filled by different obturation systems. Material and methods: Ninety-six upper central incisors were used and decoronated, retaining 12 mm of the roots. On the basis of obturation systems, the roots were divided into 4 groups (n=24): Group1 (COGR): control group (unprepared, unfilled), Group 2 (AVGR): ActiV GP points/ActiV GP sealer, Group3 (GPGR): Gutta percha points/AH plus sealer, and Group4 (GAGR): Gutta percha points/ActiV GP sealer. The last three groups were obturated with the single cone technique. The roots were then stored in 100% relative humidity at 37 °C for 2 weeks. A vertical compressive force was exerted with a universal testing machine until a fracture occurred. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Results: Mean (SD) failure loads for groups ranged from 920.51 ± 210.37 to 1113.44 ± 489.42 N. The fracture resistance between the different study groups indicated no statistical difference. Conclusions: ActiV GP system did not exert a significant effect on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.

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Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with Resin Fiber Post and Stainless Steel Post: An In Vitro Study

Dental Journal of Advance Studies ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1672019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 03 (02) ◽

pp. 080-084

Author(s):

Vijay Singh ◽

Poonam Bogra ◽

Saurabh Gupta ◽

Navneet Kukreja ◽

Neha Gupta

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Fracture Resistance ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Compressive Force ◽

Control Group ◽

Fiber Post ◽

Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractFracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with post. Aims: This study aims to compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with resin fiber and stainless steel post. Commercially available prefabricated resin fiber post(Dentsply Maillefer Easy Post), prefabricated stainless steel post(Coltene/Whaledent Parapost) were used. Methods and Material: Forty five maxillary central incisors were obturated and divided into 3 groups: Control Group (Group I) without any post (n = 15), Resin Fiber Post Group (Group II) (n = 15) and Stainless Steel Post Group (Group III) (n = 15). In all Groups except control group, post space was prepared; a post was cemented, and a core build-up was provided. All the specimens were subjected to compressive force under a universal testing machine until fracture. Statistical analysis used: The results were analyzed using the variable analysis test (ANOVA). Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed significant difference among test groups. The control group demonstrated highest fracture resistance (925.2183 N), followed by the resin fiber post group (486.7265 N) and stainless steel post group (423.539N). Conclusions: Teeth restored with resin fiber post showed higher fracture resistance values than prefabricated stainless steel post.

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AN INVITRO COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF ENDODONTICALLY TREATED TEETH OBTURATED WITH RESILON AND GUTTA-PERCHA

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1703806 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 04 (03) ◽

pp. 075-079

Author(s):

Kiran Halkai ◽

Rahul Halkai ◽

Mithra N. Hegde ◽

Vijay Kumar ◽

Keyword(s):

Fracture Resistance ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Control Group ◽

Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽

Group 4 ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Ah Plus ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

Abstract Aim: To compare and evaluate in-vitro the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth obturated with resilon & epiphany sealer and guttapercha using different sealers. Epoxy resin based sealer AH-plus and zinc oxide eugenol based sealer-TubliSeal (EWT). Methodology: sixty four human single rooted maxillary anterior teeth, cleaned stored in 0.9% saline. All the teeth were decoronated to root length 14mm and bucco-lingual diameter of 5-7mm, After access openings teeth were instrumented using K3.06 up to final apical size 30/.06 and randomly allocated into 4 experimental groups (n=16 per group). Group 1(Control group): teeth were instrumented but not obturated, Group 2: Resilon cones and epiphany SE-sealer. Group 3: guttapercha cones and epoxy based sealer AH plus. Group 4: guttapercha and Tubli seal EWT. Coronal seal was done using IRM cement. Each of the specimens were tested for fracture resistance by instron universal testing machine. Results: Higher fracture resistance values were observed for group 2 (Resilon & Epiphany SE sealer) followed by group 3(Guttapercha & AH Plus sealer) and group 4(Guttapercha & TubliSeal EWT) when compared to group1 (control-instrumented but not obturated). Conclusion: filling the root canals with contemporary polymer based root canal obturating system- Resilon increased the in vitro fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.

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Effect of MTA versus CEM apical plugs on fracture resistance of endodontically treated simulated immature teeth restored with cast metal posts: an in-vitro study

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01641-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ensieh Grayli ◽

Abbas Dashtban ◽

Leyla Shadan ◽

Naser Behnampour ◽

Elham Afshari

Keyword(s):

Fracture Resistance ◽

Testing Machine ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Significance Level ◽

Cast Metal ◽

Immature Teeth ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background Endodontically treated immature teeth which are restored with cast metal posts are of the most susceptible teeth to fracture. An apical plug is usually used as root end filling in order to seal the wide apical foramen. The current study was performed to evaluate the effect of different apical plug materials (MTA and Calcium enriched mixture cement) at varied thicknesses on fracture resistance of teeth restored with cast metal posts. Methods A total of 40 extracted intact single-rooted human mandibular premolars (removed for orthodontic reasons) were used in the study. The coronal part of each tooth was removed and root canal preparation was performed. A size 4 Gates Glidden drill was used to enlarge the canal and was passed through the apical foramen in order to simulate an immature apex. Samples were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8) according to apical plug (control group: No plug, group MTA5: 5 mm MTA plug, group CEM5: 5 mm CEM plug, group MTA3: 3 mm MTA plug, group CEM3: 3 mm CEM plug). Post-space preparations were performed and cast metal post-and-cores were fabricated and cemented. Fracture resistance was assessed using a universal testing machine. Fracture thresholds were recorded and data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s T3 tests with significance level at P value < 0.05. Results The analysis showed a significant difference of fracture resistance between groups (P value < 0.05). The mean fracture resistance of samples in control group was significantly lower than MTA5 (P value = 0.003). There was no significant difference between other groups (P value > 0.05). Conclusions Within the limits of this study, the evidence indicated that placement of a 5 mm MTA apical plug increased the fracture resistance in simulated immature teeth which are restored with cast metal posts, compared to control group (gutta-percha and sealer). While the results were not as promising for a 3 mm MTA apical plug or either 3 or 5 mm CEM apical plug.

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Fracture resistance of roots enlarged with various rotary systems and filled with various sealers

Journal of Dental Research Dental Clinics Dental Prospects ◽

10.15171/joddd.2019.033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 215-220

Author(s):

Selen İnce Yusufoglu ◽

Melek Akman ◽

Makbule Bilge Akbulut ◽

Ayce Ünverdi Eldeniz

Keyword(s):

Fracture Resistance ◽

Testing Machine ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Universal System ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ah Plus ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Background. This in vitro study compared the fracture resistance of roots instrumented either with ProTaper or One Shape rotary systems and filled with one of the silicate, epoxy resin or silicone-based sealers. Methods. Sixty single-rooted extracted mandibular premolars were decoronated to a length of 13 mm and then randomly divided into two main groups (n=30) in terms of the rotary system used for preparation. Group 1 samples were instrumented with the ProTaper Universal system up to a master apical file of #F2, while samples in group 2 were enlarged with One Shape system. The two main groups were then divided into 3 subgroups in terms of the sealer used (n=10) and filled with gutta-percha (either F2 or MM-GP points) of the rotary system used and one of the sealers as follows: group 1, BioRoot RCS + ProTaper F2 gutta-percha; group 2, AH Plus + ProTaper F2 gutta-percha; group 3, GuttaFlow + ProTaper F2 gutta-percha; group 4, BioRoot RCS+ MM-GP points; group 5, AH Plus + MM-GP points; and group 6, GuttaFlow + MM-GP points. Each specimen then underwent fracture testing by using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min until the root fractured. Data were statistically analyzed. Results. Two-way ANOVA showed no significant differences between the groups. One Shape instruments showed significantly better fracture resistance compared to ProTaper instruments. Statistically, no significant difference was found between AHPlus, GuttaFlow and BioRoot RCS sealers. Conclusion. It can be concluded that the rotary system used for the instrumentation of teeth has some influence on the fracture resistance, while the root canal sealers do not have such an effect.

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Evaluation of physical and adhesive properties of enamel after a therapeutic dose of radiation and bonding of orthodontic metal brackets: an in vitro study

Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice ◽

10.1017/s1460396919001055 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

A. Anushree ◽

Ashutosh Shetty ◽

Crystal Runa Soans ◽

M. N. Kuttappa ◽

Akhil Shetty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Testing Machine ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Control Group ◽

Adhesive Properties ◽

Adhesive Resin ◽

Adhesive Remnant Index ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets and adhesive properties of bonded irradiated and non-irradiated teeth. Methods: Sixty-six extracted premolar samples were randomly divided into three groups—(a) Control group consisting of 22 non-irradiated, non-aged teeth (Group 1), (b) 22 non-irradiated, aged samples (Group 2) and (c) 22 irradiated, aged samples (Group 3). Irradiation was done using gamma irradiation with a fractionated dose of 60 Gy for 5 consecutive days per week over 6 weeks. Metal brackets were bonded on all samples with light cure adhesive and subjected to SBS test using universal testing machine. The samples were assessed under the scanning electron microscope to check for the adhesive remnant index (ARI) and tag depth. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean SBS of the irradiated samples compared to the non-irradiated teeth. The non-irradiated, aged samples showed a majority of ARI scoring 1 and 2. Whereas, the irradiated samples showed ARI scoring 2 and 3. Approximately, 77·3% of the non-irradiated samples showed no adhesive present on the tooth surface, and 27·2% of the irradiated samples had more than 50% adhesive present on the enamel surface. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant decrease in SBS of irradiated enamel compared to that of non-irradiated teeth. However, the SBS observed in the three groups was well above the ideal SBS for orthodontic bonding, that is, 5·6–6·8 MPa. The adhesive remnant was found on all samples of the irradiated group. Deeper adhesive resin tags were found in the irradiated group in the resin–enamel interface.

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Comparison of the Effects of Three Different Nickel–titanium Rotary Instruments on the Fracture Resistance of Obturated Roots: An in vitro Study

Journal of Contemporary Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1191 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 86-90

Author(s):

Vanitha U Shenoy ◽

Ritesh B Pawar ◽

Sumanthini MV ◽

Saimanaaz AH Shaikh

Keyword(s):

Fracture Resistance ◽

Testing Machine ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Nickel Titanium ◽

Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽

Term Survival ◽

Group I ◽

Rotary Instruments ◽

Niti Instruments

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the article is to compare the effects of three different nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments on the fracture resistance of obturated roots. Materials and methods A total of 100 permanent mandibular premolars were randomly divided into four groups of 25 teeth each and biomechanical preparation was done: group I: stainless steel K-hand files (HFs), group II: ProTaper NiTi instruments (PT), group III: HyFlex CM NiTi instruments (HCM), and group IV: K3XF NiTi instruments. Following root canal preparation, the canals were obturated using lateral condensation. A light body silicone impression material was used to simulate the periodontal ligament (PDL). Fracture resistance was tested in an Instron testing machine. Statistical analysis Data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis test. Results There was no difference in significance (p < 0.05) among the different groups tested with respect to their fracture resistances. Conclusion The present study concluded that rotary instrumentation could result in an increased chance for dentinal defects as compared with hand instrumentation. Greater taper rotary NiTi instruments do not increase the fracture susceptibility of roots, which in turn depends on various factors other than instrumentation alone. Clinical significance Greater taper achieved by rotary NiTi files during canal preparation facilitates efficient irrigation and complete debridement. Root fracture might occur as a result of microcracks or craze lines that propagate with repeated stress application by occlusal forces and also during canal preparation. Based on the results obtained, it can be decided whether the use of the newer rotary NiTi system contributes to endodontic success and long-term survival of endodontically treated teeth. How to cite this article Shaikh SAH, Shenoy VU, Sumanthini MV, Pawar RB. Comparison of the Effects of Three Different Nickel–titanium Rotary Instruments on the Fracture Resistance of Obturated Roots: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):86-90.

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Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Chlorhexidine Gel on the Implant-Abutment-Connection

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20647/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Mandlbauer ◽

Vasilios Alevizakos ◽

Ahmed Othman ◽

Marcus Stoetzer ◽

Constantin von See

Keyword(s):

Testing Machine ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Removal Torque ◽

Significance Level ◽

Saliva Substitute ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Chlorhexidine Gel

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chlorhexidine gel on removal torque of abutment prosthesis screws in vitro. Methods 60 implants (BEGO Semados ® S/RI 4.1, BEGO Implant Systems GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen, Germany) were embedded in acrylic resin for study set-up. The abutments (S/RI 4.1 SUB-TEC WI, BEGO Implant Systems GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen, Germany) were fixed with prothesis screws with 25 Ncm on the implants and were loaded for 10.000 cycles with 250N in a static material testing machine. The implemented study consisted of three groups (n=20). Group 1 (control group) were loaded under dry conditions. Group 2 was filled with a saliva substitute only (Sialin-Sigma solution, Sigmapharm Arzneimittel GmbH, Vienna, Austria), group 3 was filled with a saliva substitute and additional with chlorhexidine gel (Chlorhexamed 1% GEL, GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare GmbH & Co. KG, München, Germany). Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA (significance level p<0.05). Results The control group showed the smallest range of removal torque (19.85 Ncm ± 1.42 Ncm) while group 2 showed 20.32 Ncm ± 2.61 Ncm and in group 3 was 19.74 Ncm ± 2.96 Ncm. No significant differences between the three groups were evaluated. Conclusions Within the limits of this in-vitro study, it can be concluded that the application of chlorhexidine gel did not show any significant effect on the removal torque on abutment screws after loading.

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Mathematical validation of measurement of root fracture resistance: an in vitro study

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01873-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rafat Bagheri ◽

Abbas Abbaszadegan ◽

Mohammad R. Nabavizadeh ◽

Maryam Ferooz ◽

Peter Parashos

Keyword(s):

Fracture Resistance ◽

Testing Machine ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Maximum Load ◽

Control Groups ◽

Root Fracture ◽

Root Canals ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Root Fracture Resistance

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to develop a mathematically valid method of assessing fracture resistance of roots. The model developed used mesial roots of lower molars instrumented using stainless steel hand files (SS) and two rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems. Methods Eighty human lower molars were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 20). After instrumentation, the root canals were obturated using thermoplasticized gutta percha. The roots were covered with a simulated periodontal ligament and mounted vertically in autopolymerizing acrylic in PVC tubes. Using a universal testing machine, the force to fracture (N) was applied and the maximum load (FL) was recorded. Remaining dentine volume was calculated and the fracture resistance (FR) was recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 with P < .05. Results There were no significant differences among the instrumentation methods for FL but in FR the roots instrumented using rotary NiTi showed significantly lower values than control groups and SS files (P < 0.001). Conclusions Considering the effect of root length, volume of the root, and volume of the instrumented canal as well as the maximum failure load may be a more objective method of reporting fracture resistance of roots.

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Reinforcement effect of intra-orifice barrier materials in teeth treated with regenerative endodontic procedure: Research article

Journal of Dental Research Dental Clinics Dental Prospects ◽

10.34172/joddd.2021.019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 111-114

Author(s):

Sevinç Aktemur Türker ◽

Keziban Olcay ◽

Sena Kaşıkçı ◽

Fatma Zühal Yurdagül

Keyword(s):

Fracture Resistance ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Cervical Region ◽

Control Group ◽

Barrier Materials ◽

Immature Teeth ◽

Significant Difference

Background. Regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) is a clinically advanced procedure for necrotic immature teeth. However, root canal walls of these teeth are brittle especially in the cervical region and need reinforcement. This in vitro study is conducted to evaluate the effect of intra-orifice barrier materials on the fracture resistance of immature teeth treated with regenerative procedure. Methods. Forty-eight maxillary central incisors were used. Twelve intact teeth were selected for the control group. Remained teeth were prepared using peeso drills to simulate immature teeth and assigned into three groups according to the intra-orifice barrier material placed over MTA (n=12); Composite resin (CR), ProRoot MTA and Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). Fracture strength test was applied using a universal testing machine. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used at P=0.05. Results. A significant difference was obtained among groups (P<0.05). MTA showed the lowest fracture resistance (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found among RMGIC, CR, and control groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. Intra-orifice restorative materials have reinforcement affect in immature teeth treated with regenerative endodontic procedure. RMGIC or CR can be regarded as a viable choice to reduce the occurrence of cervical root fracture of immature teeth treated with a regenerative therapy.

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Mathematical Validation of Measurement of Root Fracture Resistance: An in Vitro Study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-423310/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rafat Bagheri ◽

Abbas Abbaszadegan ◽

Mohammad R Nabavizadeh ◽

Maryam Ferooz ◽

Peter Parashos

Keyword(s):

Fracture Resistance ◽

Testing Machine ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Maximum Load ◽

Control Groups ◽

Root Fracture ◽

Root Canals ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Root Fracture Resistance

Abstract Background: This study aimed to develop a mathematically valid method of assessing fracture resistance of roots. The model developed used mesial roots of lower molars instrumented using stainless steel hand files (SS) and two rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems. Methods: Eighty human lower molars were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n=20). After instrumentation, the root canals were obturated using thermoplasticized gutta percha. The roots were covered with a simulated periodontal ligament and mounted vertically in autopolymerizing acrylic in PVC tubes. Using a universal testing machine, the force to fracture (N) was applied and the maximum load (FL) was recorded. Remaining dentin volume was calculated and the fracture resistance (FR) was recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 with P < .05.Results: There were no significant differences among the instrumentation methods for FL but in FR the roots instrumented using rotary NiTi showed significantly lower values than control groups and SS files (P <0.001). Conclusions: Considering the effect of root length, volume of the root, and volume of the instrumented canal as well as the maximum failure load may be a more objective method of reporting fracture resistance of roots.

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