TRANSITION MODES BETWEEN SPIKING AND BURSTING IN A PACEMAKER NEURON

This communication is concerned with an embodiment of periodic nonlinear oscillator driving, the synaptic inhibition of one spike-producing pacemaker neuron by another. Data came from a prototypical living synapse. Analyses centered on a prolonged condition between the transients following the onset and cessation of inhibition. Evaluations were guided by point process mathematics and nonlinear dynamics. A rich and exhaustive list of discharge forms, described precisely and canonically, was observed across different inhibitory rates. Previously unrecognized at synapses, most forms were identified with several well known types from nonlinear dynamics. Ordered by decreasing regularities, they were locked, intermittent (including walk-throughs), messy (including erratic and stammerings) and hopping. Each is discussed within physiological and formal contexts. It is conjectured that (i) locked, intermittent and messy forms reflect limit cycles on 2-tori, quasiperiodic orbits and strange attractors, (ii) noise in neurons hovering around threshold contributes to certain intermittent and stammering behaviors, and (iii) hopping either reflects an attractor with several portions or is nonstationary and noise-induced.

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Synthesis and Application of One-Dimensional La(OH)3Nanostructures: An Overview

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2014/305986 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xiang Xiao ◽

Yu Huang ◽

Fan Dong

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Electronic Structures ◽

Growth Mechanisms ◽

One Dimensional ◽

New Directions ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Transition Modes ◽

Semiconductor Nanomaterials ◽

Comprehensive Introduction ◽

Solvothermal Methods

One-dimensional (1D) semiconductor nanomaterials are of particular importance owing to their unique properties and potential applications. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive introduction of 1D La(OH)3nanostructures including nanowires, nanoneedles, nanobelts, and nanorods. Firstly, various strategies developed to fabricate the 1D La(OH)3nanostructures are discussed, such as precipitation and composite-hydroxide-mediated, hydrothermal, and solvothermal methods, accompanying the description of the corresponding growth mechanisms. Then, the unique properties such as novel physical properties of 1D La(OH)3nanostructures resulting from their unique electronic structures and numerous transition modes involving the 4f shells of these ions are represented in detail. Also, the wide applications in photocatalyst, capacitors, and photoluminescence based on the unique properties are discussed. Finally, the paper ends with a summary and some perspectives on the challenges and new directions in this emerging area.

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Strategic Decision Making in Intergenerational Successions of Small- and Medium-Size Family-Owned Businesses

Family Business Review ◽

10.1111/j.1741-6248.2001.00011.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 11-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Per-Olof Bjuggren ◽

Lars-Göran Sund

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Decision Trees ◽

Family Business ◽

Legal System ◽

Strategic Decision ◽

Strategic Decision Making ◽

Medium Size ◽

Strategic Decisions ◽

The Family ◽

Transition Modes

This paper deals with intergenerational successions of small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs). Entrepreneurs face an unavoidable succession dilemma: they must make either explicit or implicit strategic decisions about transitioning ownership of the family business. The main alternatives are to sell the company to someone outside the family or to make arrangements for an interfamily succession. In the latter case, there are many transition modes, e.g., through a gift of shares or a will. This paper uses decision trees to analyze intergenerational successions problems. One conclusion of the paper is that it is important for a society to provide a legal system that facilitates transitions of family companies within the family because the legal system will, among other positive factors connected with family businesses, preserve idiosyncratic knowledge of family character.

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