scholarly journals Influence of cardiovascular risk factors on pre-mild cognitive decline at middle and old age

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
N. N. Koberskaya ◽  
N. N. Yakhno ◽  
V. N. Gridin ◽  
D. S. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neuropsychological Characteristics ◽  
Cardiac Disorders

Much attention is currently paid to non-dementia cognitive impairment, such as mild cognitive impairment and pre-mild cognitive decline (PMCD), since their timely detection and optimal correction increase the possibility of preventing dementia.Objective: to analyze the neuropsychological characteristics of patients with PMCD depending on the presence or absence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs): hypertension, cardiac disorders (ischemic heart disease, intracardiac conduction disturbance), and prior stroke and myocardial infarction, as well as diabetes mellitus.Patients and methods. Examinations were made in 182 patients (132 women, 50 men; mean age, 59.32±5.41 years) with PMCD and CVFRs, 101 patients (77 women, 24 men; mean age, 59.45±7.04 years) with PMCD without CVRFs, and 77 control persons (55 women, 22 men; mean age, 60.55±5.65 years). All underwent general clinical, neurological, and clinical psychological studies using rating scales and tests.Results and discussion. The patients with PMCD and CVRFs had lower scores on all neuropsychological tests than the control group and on most tests than the patients with PMCD without CVRFs. In addition to some deterioration in memory indicators, the patients with CVRFs performed worse executive function tests. Cluster analysis showed that in the patients with PMCD, the severity of cognitive decline was considerably affected by hypertension, cardiac disorders, and diabetes mellitus; among them, hypertension was of the most significance.Conclusion. The association of cognitive decline with the burden of CVRFs indicates their important role in the deterioration of cognitive functions in PMCD.

scholarly journals Influence of ApoE Genotype and Clock T3111C Interaction with Cardiovascular Risk Factors on the Progression to Alzheimer’s Disease in Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Bessi ◽  
Juri Balestrini ◽  
Silvia Bagnoli ◽  
Salvatore Mazzeo ◽  
Giulia Giacomucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
History Of

Background: Some genes could interact with cardiovascular risk factors in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. We aimed to evaluate the interaction between ApoE ε4 status, Clock T3111C and Per2 C111G polymorphisms with cardiovascular profile in Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Methods: We included 68 patients who underwent clinical evaluation; neuropsychological assessment; ApoE, Clock and Per2 genotyping at baseline; and neuropsychological follow-up every 12–24 months for a mean of 13 years. We considered subjects who developed AD and non-converters. Results: Clock T3111C was detected in 47% of cases, Per2 C111G in 19% of cases. ApoE ε4 carriers presented higher risk of heart disease; Clock C-carriers were more frequently smokers than non C-carriers. During the follow-up, 17 patients progressed to AD. Age at baseline, ApoE ε 4 and dyslipidemia increased the risk of conversion to AD. ApoE ε4 carriers with history of dyslipidemia showed higher risk to convert to AD compared to ApoE ε4− groups and ApoE ε4+ without dyslipidemia patients. Clock C-carriers with history of blood hypertension had a higher risk of conversion to AD. Conclusions: ApoE and Clock T3111C seem to interact with cardiovascular risk factors in SCD and MCI patients influencing the progression to AD.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk factors and accelerated cognitive decline in midlife

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. e839-e846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Yaffe ◽  
Amber L. Bahorik ◽  
Tina D. Hoang ◽  
Sarah Forrester ◽  
David R. Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Current Cigarette

ObjectiveIncreasing evidence supports an association between midlife cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and risk of dementia, but less is known about whether CVRFs influence cognition in midlife. We examined the relationship between CVRFs and midlife cognitive decline.MethodsIn 2,675 black and white middle-aged adults (mean age 50.2 ± 3.6 years, 57% female, 45% black), we measured CVRFs at baseline: hypertension (31%), diabetes mellitus (11%), obesity (43%), high cholesterol (9%), and current cigarette smoking (15%). We administered cognitive tests of memory, executive function, and processing speed at baseline and 5 years later. Using logistic regression, we estimated the association of CVRFs with accelerated cognitive decline (race-specific decline ≥1.5 SD from the mean change) on a composite cognitive score.ResultsFive percent (n = 143) of participants had accelerated cognitive decline over 5 years. Smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were associated with an increased likelihood of accelerated decline after multivariable adjustment (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–2.71; AOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.26–2.75; AOR 2.45, 95% CI 1.54–3.88, respectively), while obesity and high cholesterol were not associated with risk of decline. These results were similar when stratified by race. The likelihood of accelerated decline also increased with greater number of CVRFs (1–2 CVRFs: AOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.02–3.05; ≥3 CVRFs: AOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.64–5.28) and with Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score ≥10 (AOR 2.29, 95% CI 1.21–4.34).ConclusionsMidlife CVRFs, especially hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking, are common and associated with accelerated cognitive decline at midlife. These results identify potential modifiable targets to prevent midlife cognitive decline and highlight the need for a life course approach to cognitive function and aging.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Factors Promote Brain Hypoperfusion Leading to Cognitive Decline and Dementia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack C. de la Torre
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

Heart disease is the major leading cause of death and disability in the world. Mainly affecting the elderly population, heart disease and its main outcome, cardiovascular disease, have become an important risk factor in the development of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This paper examines the evidence linking chronic brain hypoperfusion induced by a variety of cardiovascular deficits in the development of cognitive impairment preceding AD. The evidence indicates a strong association between AD and cardiovascular risk factors, including ApoE4, atrial fibrillation, thrombotic events, hypertension, hypotension, heart failure, high serum markers of inflammation, coronary artery disease, low cardiac index, and valvular pathology. In elderly people whose cerebral perfusion is already diminished by their advanced age, additional reduction of cerebral blood flow stemming from abnormalities in the heart-brain vascular loop ostensibly increases the probability of developing AD. Evidence also suggests that a neuronal energy crisis brought on by relentless brain hypoperfusion may be responsible for protein synthesis abnormalities that later result in the classic neurodegenerative lesions involving the formation of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Insight into how cardiovascular risk factors can induce progressive cognitive impairment offers an enhanced understanding of the multifactorial pathophysiology characterizing AD and ways at preventing or managing the cardiovascular precursors of this dementia.

scholarly journals Effects of a HIIT Protocol on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1262
Author(s):  
Jesús Alarcón-Gómez ◽  
Joaquín Calatayud ◽  
Iván Chulvi-Medrano ◽  
Fernando Martín-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Control Group

Cardiovascular complications are important causes of morbidity and mortality of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) people. Regular exercise is strongly recommended to these patients due to its preventive action against this type of disease. However, a large percentage of patients with T1DM people present a sedentary behavior, mainly, because of the fear of a post-exercise hypoglycemia event and lack of time. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an efficient and safe methodology since it prevents hypoglycemia and does not require much time, which are the main barriers for this population to doing exercise and increasing physical conditioning. Nineteen sedentary adults (37 ± 6.5 years) with T1DM were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of either HIIT, 12 bouts first 2 weeks, 16 bouts in weeks 3 and 4, and 20 bouts in the last two weeks x 30-s intervals interspersed with 1-min rest periods, performed thrice weekly or to control group, which did not train. VO2max, body composition, heart rate variability (HRV), and fasting glucose were measured as cardiovascular risk factors. We suggest that the 6-week HIIT program used in the present study is safe since no severe hypoglycemia was reported and is an effective strategy in improving VO2max, body composition, HRV, and fasting glucose, which are important cardiovascular risk factors in T1DM people.

scholarly journals Cognitive health expectancies of cardiovascular risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidan Zheng ◽  
Fiona E Matthews ◽  
Kaarin J Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Health Expectancy ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Total Life Expectancy

Abstract Background Cognitive health expectancy estimates the proportion of the lifespan that is lived in good cognitive health at the population level. A number of cardiovascular diseases have been identified to be risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia including diabetes, stroke, heart diseases and hypertension. The aim of this study was to examine how these cardiovascular conditions relate to cognitive health expectancy. Methods Longitudinal data were obtained from the US Health and Retirement Study. Multistate modelling was used to estimate total life expectancy (LE), cognitive impairment free life expectancy (CIFLE) and years spent with cognitive impairment (CILE) across self-reported diabetes, hypertension, heart problems and stroke. Individual and cumulative effects of multiple cardiovascular conditions were examined. Results The presence of cardiovascular disease was associated with a 5- to 9-year decrease in LE and 4- to 8-year decrease in CIFLE at age 55. The outcomes varied in a hierarchical fashion by cardiovascular condition. Relative to other conditions, individuals with stroke had the shortest LE and CIFLE. Analysis of multiple cardiovascular risk factors revealed that each additional cardiovascular condition was associated with an exponential decrease in LE and CIFLE. Conclusions Having a cardiovascular condition is associated with a lower CIFLE and higher proportion of life lived with cognitive impairment. However, the outcomes vary depending on the type of cardiovascular condition. Reducing incidence of stroke and minimising exposure to multiple cardiovascular risk factors may be beneficial in helping to improve population estimates of cognitive health expectancy.

Assessing the correlation between diabetes mellitus cardiovascular risk factors and coronary disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Akritopoulos ◽  
K Akritopoulou ◽  
E Fotiadis ◽  
S Patiakas ◽  
I Kontogiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Disease
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