Medication Overuse Headache in a Patient with Myasthenia Gravis: a Case Report on Successful Intervention by an Acupuncturist

In this case of medication overuse headache in a patient with myasthenia gravis, an acupuncturist identified the use of an over-the-counter analgesic that was not revealed to the attending physician. This case highlights the potential role of an acupuncturist as part of the medical care team involved in headache management.

A systematic evaluation of primary headache management apps leveraging behavior change techniques

Background Mobile health apps have the potential to promote adherence to headache management through the use of evidence-based behavior change techniques (e.g., self-monitoring). While many headache management apps exist, the extent to which these apps include behavior change techniques remains unknown. Thus, the present study systematically evaluated the content and quality of commercially available headache management apps. Methods Headache apps were identified using a systematic search in the Apple App and Google Play stores. A total of 55 apps were evaluated using the taxonomy of behavior change techniques and app quality using the Mobile App Rating Scale. Results Headache management apps included 0–14 behavior change techniques (Mean [M] = 5.89) and 0–8 headache management behavior change techniques (M = 4.29). App quality ranged from 2.84–4.67 (M = 3.73) out of 5.00. Three apps, Migraine Trainer, Easeday: Headache & Migraine, and PainScale, included the highest number of overall and headache management behavior change techniques along with good quality scores. Conclusions While randomized controlled trials are necessary to determine the efficacy of individual headache apps, most existing apps include evidence-based headache management behavior change techniques. Headache apps often focus on either self-monitoring or stress management via relaxation training, suggesting that patients’ needs should be used to inform app selection.

Angioarchitectural features amongst patients with unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations presenting with headache: findings from a single center retrospective review of 76 patients

Background Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) consist of abnormal connections between arteries and veins via an interposing nidus. While hemorrhage is the most common presentation, unruptured AVMs can present with headaches, seizures, neurological deficits, or be found incidentally. It remains unclear as to what AVM characteristics contribute to pain generation amongst unruptured AVM patients with headaches. Methods To assess this relationship, the current study evaluates angiographic and clinical features amongst patients with unruptured brain AVMs presenting with headache. Loyola University Medical Center medical records were queried for diagnostic codes corresponding to AVMs. In patients with unruptured AVMs, we analyzed the correlation between the presenting symptom of headache and various demographic and angiographic features. Results Of the 144 AVMs treated at our institution between 1980 and 2017, 76 were unruptured and had sufficient clinical data available. Twenty-three presented with headaches, while 53 patients had other presenting symptoms. Patients presenting with headache were less likely to have venous stenosis compared to those with a non-headache presentation (13 % vs. 36 %, p = 0.044). Conclusions Our study suggests that the absence of venous stenosis may contribute to headache symptomatology. This serves as a basis for further study of correlations between AVM angioarchitecture and symptomatology to direct headache management in AVM patients.

Pulsed Radiofrequency of the Occipital Nerves: Results of a Standardized Protocol on Chronic Headache Management

Background: Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) of the occipital nerves has neuromodulative properties and is used for chronic pain management. However, its role in various types of chronic headaches has not been adequately investigated so far. Objectives: Τhis was an observational, open-label, prospective study aiming to assess the efficacy of PRF of occipital nerves on various types of chronic headache management. Methods: Patients with chronic headaches followed up at the pain management unit were scheduled for PRF of both occipital nerves after a positive diagnostic nerve block. PRF was applied following a standardized protocol at 42°C, and the number of headaches per month was assessed as a primary outcome at baseline (before treatment), as well as after 1, 3, and 6 months. Pain intensity during headache crises was recorded using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, 0 - 10), Results: Fifty-seven patients suffering from chronic migraines, cluster headaches, tension-type headaches, and occipital neuralgia were studied. PRF significantly improved the number of headache episodes per month, as well as the pain intensity of the crises. The median number of headache episodes per month was significantly reduced in patients with migraine, from 14.5 to 4 after 1 month, and to 6.5 after 6 months. The same was seen for patients with clusters, who were also improved. A statistically significant reduction in NRS values over time was seen for all types of headaches. Conclusions: PRF of the occipital nerves can lead to a reduction of the number of headache episodes per month, improving the intensity of pain during each episode.

Quality appraisal of existing guidelines for the management of headache disorders by the AGREE II’s method

Objective To evaluate the quality of existing clinical practice guidelines for headache management and their main recommendations. Background Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines have been developed to support the clinical decision-making. However, to achieve this goal, the quality of these guidelines must be ensured. Methods A systematic search for clinical practice guidelines for headache management was conducted in the PubMed database, in websites of known guideline developers and in websites of known headache associations. The quality appraisal was performed through the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II method. Results Twelve guidelines were evaluated. The domains of rigor of development, applicability, and editorial independence, which most influence the overall quality of guidelines, had the lowest average scores and the highest standard deviation rates (61% ± 23; 37% ± 20; 53% ± 31). The main recommendations regarding medication use for acute treatment of episodic tension-type headache and migraine in adult patients consisted of paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in all guidelines. Conclusions The statistical results indicate that the appraised guidelines have room for both individual and collective improvement. In addition, there is a well-established medication recommendation pattern among all guidelines evaluated.

Treatment Realities of Headache Disorders in Rural Germany by the Example of the Region of Western Pomerania

(1) Background: Headache disorders are among the most disabling medical conditions but the supply with experienced providers is outpaced by the demand for service. It is unclear to what extent particularly patients in rural regions are affected by limited access to comprehensive care. Furthermore, it is unknown what role general practitioners (GPs) play in headache care. (2) Methods: First-time consultations to a specialised headache clinic at a tertiary care centre were asked to participate. Their socio-demographic background, general and headache-specific medical history, disability and quality of life (QoL) were assessed. Additionally, 176 GPs in neighbouring districts were contacted regarding headache management. (3) Results: We assessed 162 patients with first-time consultations (age 46.1 ± 17.0 years, 78.1% female), who suffered from migraine (72%), tension type, cluster and secondary headaches (each 5–10%). About 50% of patients received a new headache-diagnosis and 60% had treatment inconsistent with national guidelines. QoL was significantly worse in all domains compared to the general population. About 75% of GPs see headache patients at least several times per week, and mostly treat them by themself. (4) Conclusions: More than every second headache patient was neither correctly diagnosed nor received guideline adherent treatment. Headache-related disability is inferior to what is expected from previous studies. Access to specialised health care is more limited in rural than in urban regions in Germany and GPs request more training.

Use of traditional medicine in treatment of migraine during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: an online survey

Since the declaration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, patients with migraine were specifically vulnerable to worsening of their headaches. Traditional medicine (TM) has been used to treat headache disorders for centuries, especially during times of a healthcare emergencies, similar to the current pandemic. We aimed to assess the use of TM in treatment of migraine amid COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait, using an online, self-administered questionnaire. A total of 1018 patients completed the survey. TM was used by 39.9% respondents. The greatest users of TM were those with older age (p =0.04), and longer disease duration (p =0.005). TM users were found to be more compliant to treatments than non-TM users (p<0.02). However, they reported significantly less communication with their physicians (p <0.001) during the pandemic. This study showed higher rates of TM use, as a way of self-treatment, among patients with migraine during COVID-19 pandemic. Neurologists should prepare their patients with rescue strategies for headache management, and new means of communication, to face these new normal challenges.

Non-invasive Neural Stimulation with Cefaly in Headache Management

Objective of the Review: To discuss headache (HA) therapy using neural stimulation; to compare the efficiency and usability of the modern methods of peripheral neural stimulation in management of migraine and cluster HA. Key Points. The article describes up-to-date non-invasive peripheral neural stimulation in HA. We presented results of international clinical trials to compare neural stimulation in various treatment regimens and placebo at migraine and cluster HA. The rate of side effects in each method of exposure are described. Conclusion. Cefaly is a leader among peripheral neural stimulation methods available in the Russian Federation: its efficiency has been studied and verified in multicentre studies; the safety and compliance profile is one of the highest. Keywords: neural stimulation, neural modulation, migraine with aura, migraine without aura, episodic migraine, chronic migraine, cluster headache.