Performance Analysis of LPWAN Using LoRa Technology for IoT Application

This paper was dedicated to study the performance of an Internet of Things (IoT) application using LoRa Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN). LoRa is a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology developed for IoT applications specifically. Due to the facts that LoRa is a new product, there are questions about its reliability. Hence, a conclusive experiment has been made. The experiment conducted to get an insight to LoRa received signal strength (RSSI) and packet loss. The analysis also includes a measurement of the application Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) between the transmitter and receiver. The results of the experiment show that with a higher spreading factor, LoRa end device provides more immunity against multi-path and signal fading. The proposed IoT application based on this LoRa technology is for autonomous vehicle status information transmission and intervehicle communications, specifically deployed in UiTM Autonomous Vehicle 1 (UiTM AV1).

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Performance Analysis of LPWAN Using LoRa Technology for IoT Application

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.11.21387 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4.11) ◽

pp. 252

Author(s):

Amir Muaz Abdul Rahman ◽

Fadhlan Hafizhelmi Kamaru Zaman ◽

Syahrul Afzal Che Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Autonomous Vehicle ◽

New Product ◽

Wide Area ◽

Area Network ◽

Wide Area Network ◽

Spreading Factor ◽

Status Information ◽

Signal Fading ◽

Vehicle Status

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An Adaptive Spreading Factor Selection Scheme for a Single Channel LoRa Modem

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20041008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 1008 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Seungku Kim ◽

Heonkook Lee ◽

Sungho Jeon

Keyword(s):

Low Power ◽

Long Range ◽

Single Channel ◽

Wide Area ◽

Area Network ◽

Wide Area Network ◽

Maximum Throughput ◽

Spreading Factor ◽

Selection Scheme ◽

Data Rates

When the low power wide area network (LPWAN) was developed for the internet of things (IoT), it attracted significant attention. LoRa, which is one of the LPWAN technologies, provides low-power and long-range wireless communication using a frequency band under 1 GHz. A long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) provides a simple star topology network that is not scalable; it supports multi-data rates by adjusting the spreading factor, code rate, and bandwidth. This paper proposes an adaptive spreading factor selection scheme for corresponding spreading factors (SFs) between a transmitter and receiver. The scheme enables the maximum throughput and minimum network cost, using cheap single channel LoRa modules. It provides iterative SF inspection and an SF selection algorithm that allows each link to communicate at independent data rates. We implemented a multi-hop LoRa network and evaluated the performance of experiments in various network topologies. The adaptive spreading factor selection (ASFS) scheme showed outstanding end-to-end throughput, peaking at three times the performance of standalone modems. We expect the ASFS scheme will be a suitable technology for applications requiring high throughput on a multi-hop network.

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K-Means Spreading Factor Allocation for Large-Scale LoRa Networks

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19214723 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (21) ◽

pp. 4723 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Muhammad Asad Ullah ◽

Junnaid Iqbal ◽

Arliones Hoeller ◽

Richard Souza ◽

Hirley Alves

Keyword(s):

Low Power ◽

Long Range ◽

Large Scale ◽

Research Work ◽

Wide Area ◽

Area Network ◽

Wide Area Network ◽

Spreading Factor ◽

Worst Case ◽

Simulation Results

Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) are emerging rapidly as a fundamental Internet of Things (IoT) technology because of their low-power consumption, long-range connectivity, and ability to support massive numbers of users. With its high growth rate, Long-Range (LoRa) is becoming the most adopted LPWAN technology. This research work contributes to the problem of LoRa spreading factor (SF) allocation by proposing an algorithm on the basis of K-means clustering. We assess the network performance considering the outage probabilities of a large-scale unconfirmed-mode class-A LoRa Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) model, without retransmissions. The proposed algorithm allows for different user distribution over SFs, thus rendering SF allocation flexible. Such distribution translates into network parameters that are application dependent. Simulation results consider different network scenarios and realistic parameters to illustrate how the distance from the gateway and the number of nodes in each SF affects transmission reliability. Theoretical and simulation results show that our SF allocation approach improves the network’s average coverage probability up to 5 percentage points when compared to the baseline model. Moreover, our results show a fairer network operation where the performance difference between the best- and worst-case nodes is significantly reduced. This happens because our method seeks to equalize the usage of each SF. We show that the worst-case performance in one deployment scenario can be enhanced by 1 . 53 times.

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Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) at Sea: Performance Analysis of Offshore Data Transmission by Means of LoRaWAN Connectivity for Marine Monitoring Applications

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19143239 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (14) ◽

pp. 3239 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Lorenzo Parri ◽

Stefano Parrino ◽

Giacomo Peruzzi ◽

Alessandro Pozzebon

Keyword(s):

Data Transmission ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Wide Area ◽

Industrial Plant ◽

Area Network ◽

Transmission Channel ◽

Wide Area Network ◽

Worst Case ◽

Efficient Data ◽

Transmitting Antenna

In this paper the authors discuss the realization of a Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) network infrastructure to be employed for monitoring activities within the marine environment. In particular, transmission ranges as well as the assessment of parameters like Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) are analyzed in the specific context of an aquaculture industrial plant, setting up a transmission channel from an offshore monitoring structure provided with a LoRaWAN transmitter, to an ashore receiving device composed of two LoRaWAN Gateways. A theoretical analysis about the feasibility of the transmission is provided. The performances of the system are then measured with different network parameters (in particular the Spreading Factor—SF) as well as with two different heights for the transmitting antenna. Test results prove that efficient data transmission can be achieved at a distance of 8.33 km even using worst case network settings: this suggests the effectiveness of the system even in harsher environmental conditions, thus entailing a lower quality of the transmission channel, or for larger transmission ranges.

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