scholarly journals An Adaptive Spreading Factor Selection Scheme for a Single Channel LoRa Modem

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungku Kim ◽  
Heonkook Lee ◽  
Sungho Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
Spreading Factor ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Data Rates

When the low power wide area network (LPWAN) was developed for the internet of things (IoT), it attracted significant attention. LoRa, which is one of the LPWAN technologies, provides low-power and long-range wireless communication using a frequency band under 1 GHz. A long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) provides a simple star topology network that is not scalable; it supports multi-data rates by adjusting the spreading factor, code rate, and bandwidth. This paper proposes an adaptive spreading factor selection scheme for corresponding spreading factors (SFs) between a transmitter and receiver. The scheme enables the maximum throughput and minimum network cost, using cheap single channel LoRa modules. It provides iterative SF inspection and an SF selection algorithm that allows each link to communicate at independent data rates. We implemented a multi-hop LoRa network and evaluated the performance of experiments in various network topologies. The adaptive spreading factor selection (ASFS) scheme showed outstanding end-to-end throughput, peaking at three times the performance of standalone modems. We expect the ASFS scheme will be a suitable technology for applications requiring high throughput on a multi-hop network.

scholarly journals K-Means Spreading Factor Allocation for Large-Scale LoRa Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 4723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asad Ullah ◽  
Junnaid Iqbal ◽  
Arliones Hoeller ◽  
Richard Souza ◽  
Hirley Alves
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Spreading Factor ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Simulation Results

Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) are emerging rapidly as a fundamental Internet of Things (IoT) technology because of their low-power consumption, long-range connectivity, and ability to support massive numbers of users. With its high growth rate, Long-Range (LoRa) is becoming the most adopted LPWAN technology. This research work contributes to the problem of LoRa spreading factor (SF) allocation by proposing an algorithm on the basis of K-means clustering. We assess the network performance considering the outage probabilities of a large-scale unconfirmed-mode class-A LoRa Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) model, without retransmissions. The proposed algorithm allows for different user distribution over SFs, thus rendering SF allocation flexible. Such distribution translates into network parameters that are application dependent. Simulation results consider different network scenarios and realistic parameters to illustrate how the distance from the gateway and the number of nodes in each SF affects transmission reliability. Theoretical and simulation results show that our SF allocation approach improves the network’s average coverage probability up to 5 percentage points when compared to the baseline model. Moreover, our results show a fairer network operation where the performance difference between the best- and worst-case nodes is significantly reduced. This happens because our method seeks to equalize the usage of each SF. We show that the worst-case performance in one deployment scenario can be enhanced by 1 . 53 times.

LoRaWAN for an IoT-based environmental monitoring application in Tirana city

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evjola Spaho ◽  
Aleksandër Biberaj ◽  
Ares Tahiraga
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Monitoring Application

AbstractRecently, low power wide area networks are attracting a lot of attention by the research community. They are wireless technologies characterized by large coverage area, low bandwidth and long battery life. One of these low power wide area networks technologies, the long range wide area network, can be used for different monitoring applications for health, agriculture, traffic, smart city.In this paper, different simulations and experiments are conducted to implement a low-cost long-range wide area network environmental monitoring application for Tirana city in Albania. Simulation and experimental data are compared and similar results were obtained. In the low-cost implemented system, the gateway can communicate with the sensors placed in strategic positions with long distance covered also using Radio Mobile software.

scholarly journals Sistema de comunicación de respaldo mediante tecnología LoRa con hardware y software abierto para aplicaciones de robótica de emergencias

2021 ◽  
pp. 581-587
Author(s):  
R. F. Manrique Balmaceda ◽  
Ricardo Vázquez-Martín ◽  
J. Bravo Arraba ◽  
Juan Jesús Fernández-Lozano ◽  
Alfonso García-Cerezo
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
La Red

Los sistemas de comunicación entre nodos sensores y los equipos de búsqueda y rescate presentan posibles vulnerabilidades ante emergencias o catástrofes, como el fallo de la infraestructura del sistema o la saturación de la red. Por ello, es necesario evaluar alternativas para garantizar la disponibilidad del sistema y los datos necesarios para la estrategia del equipo. Los requerimientos de una red de largo alcance y bajo consumo apuntan a evaluar las distintas tecnologías que engloban las redes LPWAN (Low Power, Wide Area Network). Entre ellas, destaca el protocolo LoRaWAN (Long Range, Wide Area Network) por ofrecer una flexibilidad operativa que no tienen los demás. De lado del hardware, se realizó una selección de componentes abiertos para los nodos sensores y el gateway. Para conseguir una red ad-hoc se ha usado el proyecto ChirpStack como servidor de red y de aplicación. Finalmente, se ha integrado el software de aplicación QGIS con la base de datos PostgreSQL que almacena los datos en la misma tarjeta host del gateway. El sistema fue probado en las XV Jornadas Internacionales de la Universidad de Málaga sobre Seguridad, Emergencias y Catástrofes. El código y la documentación del sistema presentado en este artículo está disponible en https://github.com/jjflozano/BackUpCommLoRa.

scholarly journals Low Power Wide Area Network, Cognitive Radio and the Internet of Things: Potentials for Integration

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6837
Author(s):  
Adeiza J. Onumanyi ◽  
Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz ◽  
Gerhard P. Hancke
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Phy Layer ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging paradigm that enables many beneficial and prospective application areas, such as smart metering, smart homes, smart industries, and smart city architectures, to name but a few. These application areas typically comprise end nodes and gateways that are often interconnected by low power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies, which provide low power consumption rates to elongate the battery lifetimes of end nodes, low IoT device development/purchasing costs, long transmission range, and increased scalability, albeit at low data rates. However, most LPWAN technologies are often confronted with a number of physical (PHY) layer challenges, including increased interference, spectral inefficiency, and/or low data rates for which cognitive radio (CR), being a predominantly PHY layer solution, suffices as a potential solution. Consequently, in this article, we survey the potentials of integrating CR in LPWAN for IoT-based applications. First, we present and discuss a detailed list of different state-of-the-art LPWAN technologies; we summarize the most recent LPWAN standardization bodies, alliances, and consortia while emphasizing their disposition towards the integration of CR in LPWAN. We then highlight the concept of CR in LPWAN via a PHY-layer front-end model and discuss the benefits of CR-LPWAN for IoT applications. A number of research challenges and future directions are also presented. This article aims to provide a unique and holistic overview of CR in LPWAN with the intention of emphasizing its potential benefits.

scholarly journals Cooperative Downlink Listening for Low-Power Long-Range Wide-Area Network

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoungwook Kim ◽  
Kwang-il Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network

„Stadtwerke sind prädestiniert für IoT“

BWK ENERGIE. ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (01-02) ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
Alexander Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Internet Der Dinge

IOT | Das Internet der Dinge (IoT) ist bei Stadtwerken zum Trendthema avanciert. Die items GmbH aus Münster, Full-Service-IT-Dienstleister für die Versorgungsbranche, baut aktuell ein interdisziplinäres IoT-Team auf, um Stadtwerke beim Aufbau und Betrieb von Infrastrukturen im Bereich der Long-Range-Wide-Area-Network (LoRaWAN)-Technologie unterstützen zu können. Im Gespräch mit BWK erläutert Alexander Sommer, Leiter Innovation & Transformation, die Strategie von items.

scholarly journals Worldwide Connectivity for the Internet of Things Through LoRaWAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Vangelista ◽  
Marco Centenaro
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Cellular Network ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) paradigm is gradually gaining market acceptance. In particular, three prominent LPWAN technologies are emerging at the moment: LoRaWAN™ and SigFox™, which operate on unlicensed frequency bands, and NB-IoT, operating on licensed frequency bands. This paper deals with LoRaWAN™, and has the aim of describing a particularly interesting feature provided by the latest LoRaWAN™ specification—often neglected in the literature—i.e., the roaming capability between different operators of LoRaWAN™ networks, across the same country or even different countries. Recalling that LoRaWAN™ devices do not have a subscriber identification module (SIM) like cellular network terminals, at a first glance the implementation of roaming in LoRaWAN™ networks could seem intricate. The contribution of this paper consists in explaining the principles behind the implementation of a global LoRaWAN network, with particular focus on how to cope with the lack of the SIM in the architecture and how to realize roaming.

scholarly journals Demand side management using the internet of energy based on LoRaWAN technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om-Kolsoom Shahryari ◽  
Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam ◽  
Shadi Shahryari
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Demand Side Management ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Telecommunication System ◽  
Processing Level

The smart grid, as a communication network, allows numerous connected devices such as sensors, relays and actuators to interact and cooperate with each other. An Internet-based solution for electricity that provides bidirectional flow of information and power is internet of energy (IoE) which is an extension of smart grid concept. A large number of connected devices and the huge amount of data generated by IoE and issues related to data transmission, process and storage, force IoE to be integrated by cloud computing. Furthermore, in order to enhance the performance and reduce the volume of transmitted data and process information in an acceptable time, fog computing is suggested as a layer between IoE layer and cloud layer. This layer is used as a local processing level that leads to reduction in data transmissions to the cloud. So, it can save energy consumption used by IoE devices to transmit data into cloud because of a long range, low power, wide area and low bit rate wireless telecommunication system which is called LoRaWAN. All devices in fog domain are connected by long range wide area network (LoRa) into a smart gateway.  The gateway which bridges fog domain and cloud, is introduced for scheduling devices/appliances by creating a priority queue which can perform demand side management dynamically. The queue is affected by not only the consumer importance but also the consumer policies and the status of energy resources.

scholarly journals Simple LoRa Protocol: Protokol Komunikasi LoRa Untuk Sistem Pemantauan Multisensor

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Didik Widianto ◽  
Al Arthur Faizal ◽  
Dania Eridani ◽  
Richard Dwi Olympus Augustinus ◽  
Michael SM Pakpahan
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network

Standar terbuka pada sistem komunikasi LoRa (Long Range) menyebabkan perbedaan cara implementasi dalam setiap penggunaannya. LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) sebagai protokol bawaan LoRa masih mempunyai beberapa kekurangan yang menyebabkannya kurang efektif untuk diimplementasikan pada sistem tertentu. Penelitian ini mengembangkan protokol SLP (Simple LoRa Protocol) sebagai alternatif protokol komunikasi dan arsitektur jaringan yang didesain berdasarkan kekurangan yang dimiliki oleh LoRaWAN. Protokol ini mendefinisikan format data dan proses komunikasi antara client dan gateway dalam mode setup untuk pendaftaran node secara mandiri dan polling untuk transaksi data. Proses setup mampu mengenali node dengan konfigurasi sensor beragam dan dapat mengirmkan data dari node ke gateway dengan baik. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa SLP menghasilkan peningkatan performa QoS dalam throughput dan packet loss dari LoRaWAN menggunakan modulasi yang sama.

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