scholarly journals Wali and Karama: A Discourse and Authority Contestation in al-Tarmasi’s Bughyat al-Adhkiya’

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-328
Author(s):  
Ade Fakih Kurniawan ◽  
Noorhaidi Hasan ◽  
Achmad Zainal Arifin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

This paper aims to analyze Muhammad Mahfūẓ al-Tarmasī’s concept of wali and karāma, as well as his response and position in the discourse on those issues. Drawing on historical, hermeneutics, and intertextual approach, it will elaborate his involvement in the 19th century discourse on wali and karāma, in which the Wahhabiyya’s strong influence in Mecca was taking place. In this sense, Mahfūẓ wrote a treatise on Sufism entitled Bughyat al-Adhkiyā’ fī Bahthi’an Karāmāt al-Awliyā’. Although he mastered on tasawwuf and possessed a genealogical chain to al-Ghazali, al-Qushairi and some other Sufis, he did not use their arguments. He preferred to quote the arguments of the jurists (fuqahā’), such as al-Subkī and al-Haytamī. This actually shows the strength of his work in compiling arguments using the “criticism from within” approach. He realized, to some extent, that criticism to Sufism mainly came from the jurists (fuqahā’). Therefore, in order to be easily accepted, criticizing critics needs to employ the same perspective, fuqahā’s arguments. In fact, Mahfūẓ criticism was not only directed at the jurists (fuqahā’) but also to the group which at that time were incessantly spreading the ideas delegitimizing Sufism (in the context of orthodoxy), Wahhabiyya. This can be seen clearly in the way of Mahfūẓ’s selection of figures and groups to whom he criticized. But interestingly, he delivered critics in a smooth way and did not show his finger directly to the nose of Wahhabiyya.[Tulisan ini merupakan analisis terhadap konsep wali dan karomah menurut Muhammad Mahfūẓ al-Tarmasi, serta respon dan posisinya dalam diskursus isu-isu tersebut. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan historis, hermeneutika, dan intertekstual, tulisan ini menjelaskan keterlibatannya dalam wacana abad 19 tentang wali dan karomah, di mana pengaruh kuat Wahhabiyya di Mekah tengah berlangsung. Untuk itu, Mahfūẓ menulis sebuah risalah tentang Sufisme berjudul Bughyat al-Adhkiyā’ fi Bahthi’an Karāmat al-Awliyā’. Meski ia menguasai tasawwuf dan memiliki silsilah spiritual yang sampai kepada beberapa Sufi kenamaan, namun dalam karyanya ini ia tidak menggunakan argumen-argumen mereka. Ia lebih suka mengutip argumen para ahli hukum (fuqahā’), seperti al-Subki dan al-Haytami. Ini merupakan salah satu kekuatan dari kepiawaiannya dalam menyusun argumen menggunakan pendekatan “critic from within” karena ia menyadari bahwa kritik terhadap tasawuf labih banyak berasal dari para fuqahā’. Oleh karena itu, agar mudah diterima, suatu kritik perlu menggunakan perspektif yang sama dengan sang pengkritik, dalam hal ini argumen fuqaha. Faktanya, kritik Mahfūẓ tidak hanya diarahkan pada para fuqahā’ tetapi juga kepada kelompok yang pada saat itu terus-menerus menyebarkan ide-ide delegitimasi tasawuf (dalam konteks ortodoksi), seperti Wahhabiyya. Ini dapat dilihat dengan jelas dari cara Mahfūẓ memilih tokoh dan kelompok yang ia kritik. Namun yang menarik, ia menyampaikan kritik dengan cara yang halus dan tidak secara explisit menunjuk langsung Wahhabiyya yang saat itu mulai berkuasa.]

scholarly journals Diversity and selection of the continuous-flowering gene, RoKSN, in rose

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Soufflet-Freslon ◽  
Emilie Araou ◽  
Julien Jeauffre ◽  
Tatiana Thouroude ◽  
Annie Chastellier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Repressor Gene ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Floral Repressor ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractBlooming seasonality is an important trait in ornamental plants and was selected by humans. Wild roses flower only in spring whereas most cultivated modern roses can flower continuously. This trait is explained by a mutation of a floral repressor gene, RoKSN, a TFL1 homologue. In this work, we studied the origin, the diversity and the selection of the RoKSN gene. We analyzed 270 accessions, including wild and old cultivated Asian and European roses as well as modern roses. By sequencing the RoKSN gene, we proposed that the allele responsible for continuous-flowering, RoKSNcopia, originated from Chinese wild roses (Indicae section), with a recent insertion of the copia element. Old cultivated Asian roses with the RoKSNcopia allele were introduced in Europe, and the RoKSNcopia allele was progressively selected during the 19th and 20th centuries, leading to continuous-flowering modern roses. Furthermore, we detected a new allele, RoKSNA181, leading to a weak reblooming. This allele encodes a functional floral repressor and is responsible for a moderate accumulation of RoKSN transcripts. A transient selection of this RoKSNA181 allele was observed during the 19th century. Our work highlights the selection of different alleles at the RoKSN locus for recurrent blooming in rose.

Kazania dla młodzieży żydowskiej w Galicji

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Maślak-Maciejewska
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Jewish Students ◽  
Jewish Youth ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Selection Of

The book contains a selection of eighty eight sermons (so-called exhortations) for the Jewish youth, which were written in Galicia at the end of the 19th century and in the first decades of the 20th century. They constituted part of religious education of Jewish students who attended secular primary and secondary schools. The authors of the sermons were teachers such as Natan Szyper, Arnold Friedman or Samuel Wolf Guttman who was the preacher of the progressive synagogue in Lviv.

Content and Consistency in the Endogenous Depressive Pattern

1966 ◽  
Vol 112 (486) ◽  
pp. 471-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul H. Rosenthal ◽  
Gerald L. Klerman
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychotic Depression ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Mourning And Melancholia ◽  
The Way

As currently used, the diagnosis of depression includes a wide range of clinical phenomena. This has not always been the case. Near the end of the 19th century, when the term depression began to evolve the meanings that it has today it was applied primarily to psychotics. The formulations of Freud in Mourning and Melancholia (1917), and of Kraepelin in Manic Depressive Insanity (1921) were based upon observations of patients who were both depressed and psychotic. In their work the contrast was between psychotic depression (or “melancholia”) on one hand, and normal sadness on the other. In the succeeding half-century, however, as psychiatry has extended its boundaries, increasing attention has been focused on non-psychotic depressions, often called “neurotic” or “reactive.” As these “neurotic” or “reactive” depressions reached public attention, a debate began over the way in which the depressive population should be described and the extent to which it should be subdivided. Critical and often sarcastic written battles were fought between the separatists and the unifiers during the 1920's and 1930's. These debates have been informatively chronicled by Partridge (1949). We have found it useful to divide these theorists into unifiers, dualists, and pluralists.

scholarly journals EDUCATION AND SELECTION OF ASTRONOMICAL ALMANAC OFFICIALS IN THE 19th CENTURY

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-800
Author(s):  
GOEUN CHOI ◽  
BYEONG-HEE MIHN ◽  
YONG SAM LEE
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals ROME AND CARTHAGE BY A.V. TIMOFEEV: ON THE PROBLEM OF THE GENESIS OF “HISTORICAL FANTASY” AS A GENRE VARIETY OF RUSSIAN ROMANTIC DRAMA OF THE 19TH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-163
Author(s):  
ARKADII MAN'KOVSKII
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Critic ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Romantic Drama ◽  
The One ◽  
Historical Fantasy ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Way

The paper explores the genre of scarcely studied play by Russian minor writer Alexei V. Timofeev (1812-1883) Rome and Carthage (1837). Timofeev’s contemporary literary critic Osip Senkovskii treated like poet’s failure his use of romantic techniques in the play on ancient plot. Taking into account this opinion the paper analyzes the paratextual elements in the play, the way of describing characters, the division of the play into acts, the connection of the plot events with historical facts. The paper argues that the play approaches the kind of romantic drama, which the author suggests to call “historical fantasy” Its main feature is the coexisting in the plot mythology and religious tradition, on the one hand, and historical events, on the other, the heroes of historical chronicles and the heroes of folk legends, belief in miracles and rationalism. The goal of historical fantasy is to produce a generalized image of the time, to convey the spirit of the epoch while the dramatic action takes a secondary place. Samples of the genre were given in the works of Alexander A. Shakhovskoi, Alexander I. Gertsen, Apollon N. Maikov. Timofeev’s play was just in the way to this kind of drama.

scholarly journals Between prophecies and prognoses: Januário da Cunha Barbosa, slavery, and the future of the nation (1830-1836)

Tempo ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo José Zioni Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
Literate Culture ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Way

This article aims at understanding the role played by the discussions about slavery and slave trafficking in the literate culture of Brazil in the 19th century, especially regarding the forms of figuring out the future of the nation. The way Canon Januário da Cunha Barbosa, an important politician and an illustrated intellectual, related projections of the future of the nation and treated the slavery issue (from 1830 to 1836) is analyzed. We discuss the use of projection modalities: prophecy and prognosis. Through them, Januário was involved in political discussions regarding the end of slave trafficking, and made political use of the Malê Revolt and Haitianism. The constitution of a horizon of antislavery expectation is indicated by the Canon, which is seen as one of the reasons to create the Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute (1838).

scholarly journals From Pausanias to Baedeker and Trip Advisor: Textual proto-tourism and the engendering of tourism distribution channels

Turyzm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Vicky Katsoni ◽  
Anna Fyta
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Digital Storytelling ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Travel Information ◽  
The Core ◽  
Textual Strategies ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
The Way

The key aim of this article is to provide an interdisciplinary look at tourism and its diachronic textual threads bequeathed by the ‘proto-tourist’ texts of the Greek travel author Pausanias. Using the periegetic, travel texts from his voluminous Description of Greece (2nd century CE) as a springboard for our presentation, we intend to show how the textual strategies employed by Pausanias have been received and still remain at the core of contemporary series of travel guides first authored by Karl Baedeker (in the 19th century). After Baedeker, Pausanias’ textual travel tropes, as we will show, still inform the epistemology of modern-day tourism; the interaction of travel texts with travel information and distribution channels produces generic hybrids, and the ancient Greek travel authors have paved the way for the construction of networks, digital storytelling and global tourist platforms.

scholarly journals Lârandali Shânî’s Avâmilin Verse

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-376
Author(s):  
İdris Söylemez
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Way

With the spread of Islam among communities belonging to different languages and cultures, it has become essential for Muslims to learn the language of Islamic sources. Some scholars, who were aware of this situation, have tried to close the gap in the field by producing works on the language and grammar of Arabic since the first period of their conversion to Islam. One of these works is al-Avamilu'l-Mi'e, which was written by ‘Abd al-Kâhir al-Jurjânî (d. 471/1078), an Iranian-origin Arabic language scholar. Since the first period, a lot of work has been done on this work in prose or verse in the form of translation and commentary in different languages, especially Arabic, Persian and Turkish. The first of these works awâmil, written by Muhammad b. Hishâm Hirawî (d. 737/1337). It is composed in a Persian verse in 30 couplets. Since the 10th century in the Anatolian, many studies have been carried out, especially in prose, in the field where Turkish is spoken. Especially, studies on different subjects and forms carried out in the Anatolian field since the 19th century attract attention. One of the poets who continued this verse tradition, which started with Birgiwi (d.981/1573), was one of the poets of the 19th century, LârandaliShânî. This work was aconcise translation of Awamil-I Jurjaniby Shâni. I also examine the way in which Shanî deals with the awamil in it and introduce the work in terms of its form and content as well as present the work’s transcription.

Papinius, Pomponius oder Pompilius (p. 120 FPL4 Bl.)?

Mnemosyne ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-666
Author(s):  
Markus Stachon
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe epigram on Casca and his amica senex (p. 120 FPL4 Bl.), whose author’s name is given by the manuscripts of Varro L. 7.28 as Papinius and by those of Priscian Inst. Gramm. 3.11 as Pomponius or Pompnius, is to be attributed to Pompilius, whom Varro also cites in two other places (L. 7.93; Men. frg. 356 A.). Pompilius is not to be considered a tragedian but a writer of early satura following in the footsteps of Ennius and Pacuvius and paving the way for Lucilius. The evidence for this thesis, which was already stated in the 19th century but has been disregarded in recent times, is collected and vindicated.

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