‘They’re Going to Die at Some Point, but We’re all Going to Die’ – A Qualitative Exploration of Bereavement in Later Life

This article reports on a qualitative study to investigate what bereavement means to older people. Drawing upon 80 in-depth interviews collected from eight British and Australian retirement communities, our study revealed that facing bereavement while ageing includes experiences of losing both others and the wholeness of the self. Core themes identified how the experience of losing others can be compounded by ageing-related challenges, undermining older people’s defence from bereavement and frustrating their fundamental meaning and being. The older people’s dynamic responses were also captured, highlighting the importance of supporting their agency to deal with the deeper pain of loss. By extending the concept of bereavement in later life, we also called for a more grief literate culture to mitigate the multifaceted and often deeper distresses of bereavement that older people may face alongside ageing.

Effects of Web-Based Learning and Cultural Literacy Towards Non-formal Educator Performance

The purpose of this research is to find out: (1) the influence of Web-based learning with the performance of Educators, (2) the influence of cultural literacy with Educators' performance (3) the influence of Web-based learning and literary culture together with performance Educators. The method used in this study was with a quantitative approach with the ex-post-facto method. The population in this study was all non-formal educators working in the Gorontalo City learning activities workshop amounting to 107 people, while samples were 59 people using proportional random sampling. Data is collected through poll deployments. The conclusion to this research is (1) there is a positive influence on Web-based learning on educators' performance, which means that the better web-based learning is better for educator performance. (2) there is a positive influence on the cultural literacy of the educator's performance, meaning that both the literate culture is also the higher the performance of educators. (3) there is a positive influence on web-based learning and cultural literacy together to the performance of educators working in the Learning Activities workshop in Gorontalo city, this means that the higher the implementation of Web-based learning and culture of literacy, the higher the performance of non-formal educators.

FOREIGN LANGUAGE INFORMATION LITERACY MODEL IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA AS AN EFFORT TO PREVENT HOAXES IN KEDIRI CITY

During the Covid-19 pandemic, one of the abilities that every individual must have is to be able to understand well the information that is widespread on digital platforms. The amount of information that uses English terms often creates pros and cons in society because of the inability to understand the meaning contained in the text. Even though English is the language of connection that will bridge the occurrence of interaction feedback globally. The focus of the author is to provide socialization and assistance to residents using an ethnographic approach that combines historical methods, observation, and interviews. This aims to explain the importance of understanding a foreign text from various disclosure of information with the assistance of literate culture as an act preventive against hoaxes, especially for residents of the District Kaliombo, Kota Kediri. However, information can be a trigger for weak immunity and affect people's thinking, language, and behavior. Linguistic Politeness will describe the characteristics of the community itself and become a major foothold in the act. Several pending findings resulted.

Understanding grief in a time of COVID-19 - a hypothetical approach to challenges and support

<p><a></a>This article develops preliminary understandings of loss and grief at both an individual and collective level following the COVID-19 outbreak. By examining relevant media and academic discourses, the authors analyse and envisage challenges and support for those experiencing loss during COVID-19. The discussion revisits and further relocates the ideas of good and bad deaths in the context of increased social constrains and inequalities. Further, two pairs of contrasting hypotheses are proposed to examine the impacts of COVID-19 on both bereaved individuals and society as a whole during and post the outbreak. The discussion captures a mixed picture of grief and bereavement, which highlights the importance of timely, holistic and continuous support. It is found that individual and collectives express diverse needs to respond to deaths and losses as a process of meaning-making. Further the significance of socio-cultural environments also become evident. These findings highlight community support during COVID-19 and further promote a grief literate culture as imperative to support individual and collective needs when confronted with loss and grief. This article provides timely and comprehensive accounts of possible challenges and support both for individual and collective experiences of loss and grief. These understandings could facilitate further research, informing better practice and policy decisions to support the bereaved in the context of COVID-19 and other disruptive world events.</p>

Understanding grief in a time of COVID-19 - a hypothetical approach to challenges and support

<p><a></a>This article develops preliminary understandings of loss and grief at both an individual and collective level following the COVID-19 outbreak. By examining relevant media and academic discourses, the authors analyse and envisage challenges and support for those experiencing loss during COVID-19. The discussion revisits and further relocates the ideas of good and bad deaths in the context of increased social constrains and inequalities. Further, two pairs of contrasting hypotheses are proposed to examine the impacts of COVID-19 on both bereaved individuals and society as a whole during and post the outbreak. The discussion captures a mixed picture of grief and bereavement, which highlights the importance of timely, holistic and continuous support. It is found that individual and collectives express diverse needs to respond to deaths and losses as a process of meaning-making. Further the significance of socio-cultural environments also become evident. These findings highlight community support during COVID-19 and further promote a grief literate culture as imperative to support individual and collective needs when confronted with loss and grief. This article provides timely and comprehensive accounts of possible challenges and support both for individual and collective experiences of loss and grief. These understandings could facilitate further research, informing better practice and policy decisions to support the bereaved in the context of COVID-19 and other disruptive world events.</p>

Germanic: Runes

This paper offers a survey of the oldest runic inscriptions of the northern parts of Europe. Runic writing is attested from the second century onwards to the Middle Ages, and was in use in several parts of northern Europe during different periods. The language used is formulaic, making the impression that inscriptions in runes were for special occasions and not for daily use. Germanic society was a non-literate society until Christendom arrived and with it a literate culture. Runes are applied epigraphically; only in ecclesiastical contexts they are used in manuscripts, thus offering very useful secondary information about rune-names, for instance. Runes had names for mnemonical and symbolical purposes.

Introducing the Marots

Chapters 16–19 are a case study of the family that produced the best-selling vernacular literary author of sixteenth-century France: Clément Marot. The example of this family also provides one way of examining the relationship to family and social hierarchy of a genre of writing that was fundamental to literate culture: poetry. The aspiration to social ascent was only one of the reasons why poetry was so widely composed in sixteenth-century France, but it was a key one. Like other cultural practices—ranging from dress and heraldry to forms of address—poetry was therefore itself part of the very mechanics that constructed social hierarchy.

[De]constructing the plain: The scope of Rashi’s peshat and the rise of literate mentality

Rashi is well recognized for his exegetical innovation of the peshat approach. He appears to claim to focus on peshat, but his reliance on the midrash is undeniable. In an attempt to better understand this problem, rather than focus simply on his definition of peshat, I suggest directing attention to the readerly involvement in constructing what is plain. Among the elements that are commonly thought to construct plain sense, I stress the variables inherent in the notion of context. To set the scope of a text constitutes a basis for what feels plain. If so, the disparity between Rashi’s peshat and the modern plain sense may be put in terms of the divergent scope of text set in action. I also suggest the gradual development of peshat can be situated in the broader cultural movement in 11th- and 12th-century Europe in which literate culture began to emerge.