The Instituto Antarctico Argentino

ARCTIC ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard A. LeSchack
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Active Interest ◽  
Polar Organization ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
International Geophysical

... In view of the number of organizations annually participating in these expeditions, the Argentine Government decided to establish one central organization to be responsible for the scientific work done by Argentina in the Antarctic. In addition, this organization was to be the common repository for information gathered on previous Argentine expeditions, as well as for that of future endeavours. The Instituto Antartico Argentino was therefore established in Buenos Aires. It is a scientific and technical organization whose mission is to study the nature of the antarctic region. From its inception, it has steadily grown to occupy a prominent position in antarctic affairs and become the leading organization influential in all Argentine antarctic problems. By Presidential Order the organization entitled "Instituto Antartico Argentino 'Coronel Hernan Pujato' " was established on 17 April 1951 under the administration of the Minister of Technical Affairs. The name honored Coronel Hernan Pujato, who commanded the first Argentine Army antarctic expedition. He became the Institute's first Director. With the preparations for the International Geophysical Year underway, the Institute's activities expanded and Captain Rodolfo N. Panzarini, now a retired rear admiral, was named Director. He still retains this position and is the main driving force behind the organization (see Fig. 1). At the time of his nomination, the organization officially took the name "Instituto Antartico Argentino" (I.A.A.). The Institute is an in-house polar organization, containing in one building the entire administrative staff, scientists, technicians, laboratories, shops, and equipment storage facilities necessary to carry out scientific investigations in the Antarctic. There is an advantage in keeping under one roof the majority of persons with an active interest in antarctic work so that they can confer easily with one another, exchange data, and have easy access to a polar library. Such a closely knit organization constitutes a potentially powerful voice in antarctic affairs. This voice perhaps is not as great a consideration in the present thinking of other polar organizations as it is with the Argentines, whose interest in Antarctica, and in particular the Palmer Peninsula area, is very strong. ...

Address of the President Sir Cyril Hinshelwood, at the Anniversary Meeting, 30 November 1956

1957 ◽  
Vol 146 (923) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
International Geophysical

Another year of intensive preparation reached its climax on 13 November when H. M. the Queen visited the Magga Dan which was to convey the Royal Society expedition to the Antarctic, and when the members of the expedition were presented to her. The ship sailed two days later bearing the good wishes of all, on this combination of physical and scientific adventure which will make an important contribution to the International Geophysical Year. A great debt is owing to all who took part in the arrangements and especially to Sir David Brunt and to Dr Martin who have borne so much of the burden and eat of the day.

scholarly journals Polar tropospheric ozone depletion events observed in the International Geophysical Year of 1958

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3303-3314 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Roscoe ◽  
J. Roscoe
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Obvious Reason ◽  
Frost Flowers ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
International Geophysical

Abstract. The Royal Society expedition to Antarctica established a base at Halley Bay, in support of the International Geophysical Year of 1957–1958. Surface ozone was measured during 1958 only, using a prototype Brewer-Mast sonde. The envelope of maximum ozone was an annual cycle from 10 ppbv in January to 22 ppbv in August. These values are 35% less at the start of the year and 15% less at the end than modern values from Neumayer, also a coastal site. This may reflect a general increase in surface ozone since 1958 and differences in summer at the less windy site of Halley, or it may reflect ozone loss on the inlet together with long-term conditioning. There were short periods in September when ozone values decreased rapidly to near-zero, and some in August when ozone values were rapidly halved. Such ozone-loss episodes, catalysed by bromine compounds, became well-known in the Artic in the 1980s, and were observed more recently in the Antarctic. In 1958, very small ozone values were recorded for a week in midwinter during clear weather with light winds. The absence of similar midwinter reductions at Neumayer, or at Halley in the few measurements during 1987, means we must remain suspicious of these small values, but we can find no obvious reason to discount them. The dark reaction of ozone and seawater ice observed in the laboratory may be fast enough to explain them if the salinity and surface area of the ice is sufficiently amplified by frost flowers.

The Royal Society and the Antarctic

2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Fogg
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
The South ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Geomagnetic Survey ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
International Geophysical ◽  
South Polar

Beginning with its dispatch of Halley on his geomagnetic cruise of 1699 to 1700, the Royal Society has played a sporadic, ad hoc, but nevertheless considerable role in the scientific investigation of the South Polar regions. In three ventures—Ross's geomagnetic survey of 1839 to 1843, the first Scott expedition of 1901 to 1904 and the British contribution to the International Geophysical Year of 1957 to 1958—it made major contributions to the planning and support of Antarctic scientific programmes. Throughout, it has given backing to polar expeditions but has been consistent in putting science before geographical discovery. It has numbered some 20 Antarctic scientists among its Fellows.

Introduction

1960 ◽  
Vol 256 (1285) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Atmospheric Electricity ◽  
Early Years ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
International Geophysical ◽  
Unknown Region

The decision to establish a station for geophysical observations in Antarctica was one of the most important steps taken by the Royal Society to promote the aims of the International Geophysical Year. Antarctic exploration has long attracted men of science. In 1861, almost a century before the I. G. Y., Commander Maury of the U. S. Navy, a distinguished pioneer meteorologist, wrote to this country pleading the cause of international co-operation in the scientific exploration of the Antarctic. In reply to the question cui bono? Maury said: ‘ . . .it is enough for me, when contemplating the vast extent of that unknown region, to know that it is a part of the surface of our planet, and to remember that the Earth was made for man; that all knowledge is profitable; that no discoveries have conferred more honour and glory upon the age in which they were made, or have been more beneficial to the world, than geographical discoveries, and that never were nations so well prepared to undertake Antarctic exploration as are those that I now solicit’ (Maury 1861). Yet, despite this plea, few landings were made on the continent in the nineteenth century, and the first wintering in the Antarctic was that of the Belgica in 1897-99. After that the pace quickened. During the early years of the present century there were many notable expeditions, especially by Scott (1901-04) and Shackleton (1907-09), culminating in the tragic Scott expedition of 1910-13 which established bases at Cape Evans and Cape Adare and made more extensive observations in meteorology, geomagnetism, atmospheric electricity and geology than ever before. The early explorers expected hardship and were prepared for peril. As Sir George Simpson, one of the scientist members of the last Scott expedition, says ‘In 1910 only wooden ships were used to penetrate ice-covered seas; the only energy available for transport over snow-covered land was the animal power of men, dogs and ponies; there was no communication with the outside world and scurvy was the chief, almost the only, danger to health.’

scholarly journals The astronomical observatory “Khurel Togoot” of Mongolia

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (SPS5) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Damdin Batmunkh
Keyword(s):  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Astronomical Observatory ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
Solar Telescope ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Young Professional ◽  
International Geophysical

AbstractIn this paper the basic researches, telescopes and devices of the Khurel Togoot astronomical observatory, which was founded during the International Geophysical Year, are briefly described. Our astronomical observatory is located on Bogd Mountain near the capital city Ulaanbaatar. Almost 50 years of scientific work has been carried out there. In particular, astrometric researches, GPS, solar researches and observations of minor planets are conducted. Now these scientific researches basically are maintained and extended, with the introduction of modern technology. As an example of the data received by our solar telescope ‘Coronagraph’, some solar images will be shown. Recently we equipped this telescope with a CCD camera. Because of the transformation of the economy in Mongolia, there are at present difficulties with the preparation of young professional astronomers and with the purchase of new astronomical equipment.

Mt. Vinson and the evolution of US policy on Antarctic mountaineering, 1960–1966

Polar Record ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
John Evans ◽  
Philip M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Austral Summer ◽  
Scientific Programme ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
The Us ◽  
Antarctic Continent ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
International Geophysical ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACTThe full extent of the height and scale of the Sentinel Range, Antarctica, was not known until reconnaissance flights and scientific traverses in the International Geophysical Year (IGY), 1957–1958. These explorations revealed the range to be twenty miles in length, with a large number of high peaks culminating in Mt. Vinson, the highest on the Antarctic continent at nearly 4900 meters. The discoveries captured the interest of the U.S. and world mountaineering communities setting off a competition to achieve the first climb of Vinson. The challenge was tempered only by the range's remoteness from the coast of Antarctica and the formidable logistics of mounting a mountaineering expedition. The US which had the most advanced ski-equipped cargo aircraft, had an established post-IGY policy that prohibited adventure expeditions that could divert logistic resources from the scientific programme. This paper discusses Mt. Vinson competition within the US and international climbing communities, mounting national pressures to achieve the first climb, and a reversal in policy by the US Antarctic Policy Group that resulted in the 1966–1967 American Antarctic Mountaineering Expedition's first ascents of Vinson and five other high peaks. Today, between 100 and 200 persons climb Mt. Vinson each austral summer.

scholarly journals Erratum: Warming of the Antarctic ice-sheet surface since the 1957 International Geophysical Year

Nature ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 460 (7256) ◽  
pp. 766-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Steig ◽  
David P. Schneider ◽  
Scott D. Rutherford ◽  
Michael E. Mann ◽  
Josefino C. Comiso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
Sheet Surface ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
International Geophysical
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