scholarly journals Academic science — for the frontline. The work of scientists of the Urals during the Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
A. Speransky
Keyword(s):  
Academic Science ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Great Patriotic War

scholarly journals Repressive Policy of the Ussr Towards Certain Peoples in the Years of the Great Patriotic War (in Particular, the Bulgarians in the Urals)

TECHNOLOGOS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Kamenskikh Mikhail
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Field Trip ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Forest Exploitation ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The North ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Perm Krai ◽  
History Of

The article is devoted to studying Russian Bulgarians living in the Urals in the 1940s with the help of archive materials of the Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk regions as well as Perm Krai. During the Great Patriotic War the USS Rcitizens of Bulgarian origin, like many other peoples, were subject to repressions which meant enrollment in labour army and deporting every single Bulgarian of the Crimea. As a result of the semeasures, a significant number of Bulgarians were moved to the territory of the modern Urals. The deported Bulgarians settled in areas of logging (forest exploitation) in the north of Molotov and Sverdlovsk regions, and members of the labour army were employed in the trust organization «Chelyabmetallurgstroi». The Bulgarians were deported along with other peoples of the Crimea. They did not form compact settlement in the new areas but managed to preserve their traditional culture. Some families were even able to organize permanent lodging in the Urals, pursue a career and contribute to the development of the region. The author is convinced that the judicial legal documents kept in archives as well as field trip research results may serve as a significant but not sufficiently appreciated source of investigating the history of deporting Russian Bulgarians. The topicality of the sources grew after the year 2020 when the 75-years’ period of storing documents of the year 1945 expired. Autobiographies, biographic information, interrogation protocols enable to obtain a detailed reconstruction of deportation circumstances and the process of enrollment into labour army, and to see these events through the prism of the repressed people themselves. Researching the history of repression, inparticular – repression of the Bulgarians – has revealed how complex and controversial the policy of the soviet state towards certain peoples during the Great Patriotic War was.

ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF THE TIMBER PROCESSING COMPLEX OF THE URALS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
IVAN ZYKIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Cost

During the Great Patriotic War, the forest industry of the Urals played an important role in the economy of the region and the Soviet Union. Based on the statistical data put into circulation by researcher A.A. Antoufiev, an analysis of the dynamics of the cost of production fixed assets and gross products in the forest industry of the Urals, including per worker, was undertaken. Due to the enemy’s seizure of part of the western territories of the country, thanks to the availability of forests available for operation, enterprises built and reconstructed in the years of the first five-year plans, equipment evacuation, and the fulfillment of defense orders, the share of this sector of the Urals in the production and value of the country’s forest industry increased. However, in the cost of gross products of the region, the share of the forest industry decreased due to the active development of engineering, metallurgy, and arms production. In the forest industry structure, the higher values of production funds and products per worker were in the pulp and paper and plywood industries, the lowest in the field of forest resources. Conclusions were made about an increase in the cost of funds in the Ural forest industry, a slight decrease in the cost of gross products, a lag in the actual labor productivity of workers from the indicators of industry in the region and the Soviet Union.

scholarly journals LABOR DAYS OF NORTH OSSETIA DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR 1941-1945

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.А. СЕКИНАЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Academic Science ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
German Army ◽  
Need Analysis ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Ossetia

В изучении истории Великой Отечественной войны, как правило, основное внимание уделялось героике – битвам, сражениям, славным воинам. Гораздо меньше исследовательского внимания пришлось на военную повседневность, трудовые будни тыла. Актуальность этого вопроса сегодня заключается в многочисленных попытках фальсификации истории войны. К сожалению, тема тыла в условиях оккупации отдельных регионов стала использоваться в провокационных проектах, направленных на разжигание межнациональной розни. Ангажированность и политизированность таких исследований подтверждается многочисленными тиражами отдельных «трудов», очерняющих вклад народов страны в победу. Противостоять таким попыткам необходимо с позиций академической науки. В настоящей статье рассматриваются трудовые процессы, происходившие в тылу боевых действий в Северной Осетии: всеобщая мобилизация трудового населения на помощь фронту, деятельность промышленных предприятий на территории республики. Поставленные вопросы в той или иной степени нашли свое отражение в советской историографии, но многие события и явления, оказавшиеся на периферии исследовательского внимания, нуждаются в анализе или переосмыслении. В настоящей статье впервые вводятся в научный оборот новые источники – материалы периодической печати военных лет: республиканской газеты «Социалистическая Осетия», а также заводских газет «На рельсы» и «Рабочий Электроцинка», которые существенно дополняют сложившиеся представления о жизни тыла ‒ хорошо организованного хозяйственно-экономического, социально-политического и культурного пространства, с помощью которого удалось остановить врага от захвата столицы ‒ города Орджоникидзе, и дальнейшего продвижения немецкой армии в Закавказье. Study of the history of the Great Patriotic War, as a rule, focuses on heroics − battles, glorious warriors. Much less research attention was paid to military everyday life and the working days of the rear. The relevance of this issue today is accounted for by numerous attempts to falsify the history of the war. Unfortunately, the topic of the rear under the occupation of certain regions began to be used in provocative projects aimed at inciting ethnic hatred. Partisanship and politicization of such research is confirmed by numerous copies of individual "works" to blacken the country's contribution to the victory of the peoples. It is necessary to resist such attempts from the standpoint of academic science. This article discusses the labor processes that took place in the rear of the hostilities in North Ossetia: the general mobilization of the working population to help the front, the activities of industrial enterprises in the republic. The questions raised, to one degree or another, were reflected in Soviet historiography, but many events and phenomena that have fallen on the periphery of research attention need analysis or rethinking. This article for the first time introduces into scientific circulation new sources − materials from the periodical press of the war years: the republican newspaper "Socialist Ossetia", as well as the factory newspapers "On the Rails" and "Electrozinc Worker ", which significantly complement the prevailing ideas about the life of the rear − a well-organized economic, socio-political and cultural space, with the help of which it was possible to stop the enemy from seizing the capital − the city of Ordzhonikidze, and further advance the German army in Transcaucasia.

From the Urals to the Carpathians

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.K. Latysh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Precious Metals ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Original Presentation ◽  
The 1960S

The book contains a biography of the oldest geologist in Ukraine. His homeland is the Chernihiv region, he lived in the Urals for about 30 years, worked and studied. The author was a participant in the Great Patriotic War as a tank crewman, fought in battles from Smolensk to Vienna (Austria). Since the 1960s he’s again been living in Ukraine. His biography reflects almost the entire Soviet era. The chapters of the book are imperceptibly interconnected by the original presentation of the material. Special attention is paid to the geology and mineralogy of deposits and ore occurrences of precious metals of the Urals, as well as the Carpathians and other regions of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Animal husbandry of the Urals regions in the conditions of the great Patriotic war

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
Rustam Suleimanovich Bakhtiyarov ◽  
Alla Vladimirovna Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
Economic Region ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of

This paper deals with the role of animal husbandry in the history of the Ural economic region as the most important economic base of Russia, especially during the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945. The study contains materials characterizing the situation in the industry in the prewar period, estimates the processes taking place in the main areas of animal husbandry in the transition from the sole of the peasant way of organizing production to industrial technologies in the late 30s of XX century. During the collectivization in the Urals, as throughout the country, the number of productive animals suffered heavy losses. Only the number of small cattle in 1928-1935 decreased from 9,1 million heads to 3 million heads, i.e. 3 times. Realizing the harmfulness of such a policy, the Soviet leadership took vigorous measures to correct the situation. They allowed to significantly correct the situation, but in general by the beginning of the great Patriotic war, the full transition to the new principles of work in agriculture hadnt been carried out. When the war broke out the role of animal husbandry in the Urals in the USSR increased. At the beginning of 1941 the farms of the region contained from 5,1 to 8,3% of the population of the main agricultural animals of the country, then during the most difficult years of 1942-1943 this figure increased to 10,8 and even 18,6% of the total productive herd of the USSR. During this period, the livestock of the region gave up to 15% of all dairy products of the country and 13-14% of meat. Thus, the workers of animal husbandry of the Urals in the most difficult conditions of war time were able to save the bulk of the livestock and provide the army and defense industry of the region with the necessary food and raw materials.

scholarly journals Soviet Interpretation of the Ideas Of Fordism as a Basis for Transformation of the Soviet Tank Industry During the Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-332
Author(s):  
Vasily V. Zapariy ◽  
Nikita Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Industrial Equipment ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Total War ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Skilled Personnel

Introduction. Fordism, as a specific concept of production management, radically changed the face of the world industry. The system, proposed by the famous engineer and entrepreneur H. Ford, was based on the principle of large-scaled flow-conveyor production founded on the most specialized, standardized and automated industrial equipment. It made possible to produce goods cheaply under the conditions of the domination of low-skilled personnel. The American experience turned out to be widely in demand in the USSR during the industrialization period, since the country needed to create a modern and competitive mechanical engineering in the shortest possible time, primarily with the aim of strengthening its defense capability. Materials and Methods. The basis of the methodology of the work is the problem-chronological approach, which ensures the identification of tendencies and contradictions in the implementation of plans for the construction of the tank industry of the USSR in the 1930–1940s, allows them to be interpreted in a historical sequence. The principle of objectivity is based on the recognition of cause-and-effect patterns in the development of phenomena and events. In addition, the following methods are used: analysis of documents, scientific literature and state regulatory acts. Results and Discussion. The formation of the tank industry of the USSR in the pre-war period proceeded according to the principle of convergence of the technological characteristics of specialized military factories, traditionally engaged in the manufacture of tanks, and large civil engineering enterprises appeared during the years of industrialization, relying on Fordist, auto-tractor technology. In the pre-war period, low qualified personnel of the Soviet automobile and tractor plants, never been able to master the mass production of armored vehicles developed by engineers of specialized factories. The outbreak of the Great Patriotic War led to the evacuation of the capacities of most specialized military factories involved in the production of tanks in the USSR to the sites of civil engineering plants created during the period of industrialization. At the same time, the main forces of the country’s tank industry were moved to the Volga region, at the Urals and Siberia. In order to start producing tanks in a new place, in the extreme conditions of war, with the loss of qualified personnel and valuable industrial equipment, the industry leadership turned to radically transformation of the whole technology of tank production towards at Fordist principles. Key elements of the Fordism concept, as applied to the socialist command economy of the USSR during the war, were used by the party-state leadership to achieve the maximum concentration of limited resources. Conclusion. The system of organization and management of tank production, built during the war years in the tank industry of the USSR and the Urals in accordance with the basic principles of Fordism, can be assessed as “inflexible mass production”. This meant that it was impossible to quickly change the characteristics of products manufactured on a flow-conveyor basis, since this required stopping the conveyor and changing equipment. The system made it possible to mass produce and even improve the designs of the T-34 and “KV” (then “IS”) – tanks developed in the pre-war period, creating the prerequisites for their gradual transformation into an acceptable instrument of “total war”.

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