scholarly journals Repressive Policy of the Ussr Towards Certain Peoples in the Years of the Great Patriotic War (in Particular, the Bulgarians in the Urals)

TECHNOLOGOS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Kamenskikh Mikhail
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Field Trip ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Forest Exploitation ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The North ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Perm Krai ◽  
History Of

The article is devoted to studying Russian Bulgarians living in the Urals in the 1940s with the help of archive materials of the Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk regions as well as Perm Krai. During the Great Patriotic War the USS Rcitizens of Bulgarian origin, like many other peoples, were subject to repressions which meant enrollment in labour army and deporting every single Bulgarian of the Crimea. As a result of the semeasures, a significant number of Bulgarians were moved to the territory of the modern Urals. The deported Bulgarians settled in areas of logging (forest exploitation) in the north of Molotov and Sverdlovsk regions, and members of the labour army were employed in the trust organization «Chelyabmetallurgstroi». The Bulgarians were deported along with other peoples of the Crimea. They did not form compact settlement in the new areas but managed to preserve their traditional culture. Some families were even able to organize permanent lodging in the Urals, pursue a career and contribute to the development of the region. The author is convinced that the judicial legal documents kept in archives as well as field trip research results may serve as a significant but not sufficiently appreciated source of investigating the history of deporting Russian Bulgarians. The topicality of the sources grew after the year 2020 when the 75-years’ period of storing documents of the year 1945 expired. Autobiographies, biographic information, interrogation protocols enable to obtain a detailed reconstruction of deportation circumstances and the process of enrollment into labour army, and to see these events through the prism of the repressed people themselves. Researching the history of repression, inparticular – repression of the Bulgarians – has revealed how complex and controversial the policy of the soviet state towards certain peoples during the Great Patriotic War was.

FORMATION OF THE GENRE OF THE STORY IN THE CHERKESS LITERATURE: IDELOGICAL GUIDES AND THEMATIC REFERENCES

Kavkazologiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 219-288
Author(s):  
M.A. KHAKUASHEVA ◽  
◽  
L.B. KHAVZHOKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
The North ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
The One ◽  
Artistic Analysis

The article examines some of the issues of the formation and evolution of the genre of the story in Circassian literature. The relevance of the study is due, on the one hand, to the insufficient development of the stated topic, on the other hand, to the need to identify trends in the development of national prose, starting from the problems of its genesis. In the center of research attention is the ideological and thematic orientation of the Circassian story mainly of the initial stage of evolution, i.e. Soviet era. In particular, the author examines the stories of S. Temirov, I. Amirokov, M. Adamokov, H. Gashokov and others, who laid the foundations of the genre in Circassian literature. During the indicated period, the Circassian tale was the first attempt to comprehend the problems of collective farms, youth brigades, the Soviet attitude to work, the range of urgent problems of young people, their aspirations, the formation of the criteria of Soviet morality. It also reflects various aspects of the Great Patriotic War, mainly as a war for independence. The research uses the method of artistic analysis. The results obtained can be used in compiling special courses on Adyghe (Kabardino-Circassian) prose, writing the history of the literature of the peoples of the North Caucasus.

A Scientific Expedition: Koyandy Fair and its Impact on the Development of Kazakh Traditional Culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (58) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaini Mukhtarova ◽  
Assel Dadyrova ◽  
Mukhtar Baibossyn
Keyword(s):  
Performing Arts ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Field Trip ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site ◽  
Karaganda Region

The purpose of the article is to study the legacy of the Koyandy fair and its impact on the development of traditional Kazakh culture. The research is based on the scientific expedition results collected by the authors of this work during the field trip to Karkaralinsk (Karaganda region, Kazakhstan). The work studies the history of one of the largest fairs in Kazakhstan - the Koyandy fair, which was functioned from the second half of the XIX- the up to the beginning of the XX century territory Kazakhstan. The Koyandy fair had a significant impact on the spread of the popularity among the broad masses of the works of Kazakh artists. The renowned Kazakh folk composers such as Ukili Ybray, Birzhan sal, Akhan-Sere, Estay, Tattimbet Kazangapuly, performers Amre Kashaubaev, Maira Ualikizi, Isa Bayzakov, wrestlers Kazhymukan Munaitpasov and Balauan Sholak performed at the fair. It is essential to mention that the fair was a trading place and a site for a regional art festival's conduction. The Koyandy fair was a place for exchanging and interacting with different types, genres, and traditions of diverse performing arts schools.

scholarly journals The dynamics of traditional mobile practices of the Ludian Karelians

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-512
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Vinokurova ◽  
◽  
G. V Ryvkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Introduction: in Russian and foreign ethnology of recent decades, there has been an increased interest in the study of culturally organized mobile practices of peoples, both nomads of the North and those leading a sedentary lifestyle, in the past and in modern life. Without them, knowledge about the cultural heritage of the people will be incomplete. In addition, history makes adjustments to the types of movements that inevitably affect the life of different social groups (including peoples). The above arguments show that mobile practices among different peoples need special research, in particular among the Karelians and their ethnic groups. The traditional culture of movement of which has many gaps in study and has never been studied comprehensively and in dynamics. Objective: identification of some types of traditional mobile practices of the Ludian Karelians and their dynamics based on the analysis of several in-depth biographical interviews on this topic, recorded from women born in the 1930s. Research materials: field audio materials of the authors. Results and novelty of the research: for the first time some types of traditional mobile practices of the Ludian Karelians for long and short distances, associated with economic and leisure activities, travel beliefs and rituals have been identified. It is concluded that during the twentieth century they underwent significant changes associated with collectivization, the fight against religion, the Great Patriotic War, the development of industrial production and urbanization

scholarly journals “Mikhailovskoe” Pushkin Readings 2020: “…to the glory of the battlefield Rus’…”

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 298-303
Author(s):  
Оleg V. Nikitin ◽  
Eduard A. Uzenev
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Development ◽  
Russian History ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
200Th Anniversary ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
State Museum ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Great Victory

The Mikhailovskoe Pushkin readings, held in the State Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin “Mikhailovskoe” in 2020, were dedicated to the next anniversary of Alexander Pushkin’s arrival in exile to Mikhailovskoe and another significant and very relevant date in the context of modern events — the 200th anniversary of Alexander Pushkin’s visit to the Crimea. At the same time, we are taking into account that 2020 is marked by the 75th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic war, to which the peoples of our multi-ethnic Fatherland made a decisive contribution. The Great Victory is the result of unprecedented feat of our fathers and grandfathers, and this feat is a natural achievement of the centuries — old heroic history of Russia and spiritual development of its peoples. The events of 75 years ago, filled with tragedy and epic grandeur, are experienced with special fullness throughout this year. They defined the cross-cutting content of the conference. The theme of the readings made it possible to recall and comprehend heroic pages of our Fatherland`s history, reflected both in works of folk art and documents, written testimonies, literary sources, and in the work by A. S. Pushkin, writers of his generation, formed in the process of “opening Russian history” and understanding it in the context of the Patriotic war of 1812. During the Readings participants also discussed the problems of museum business, new archival publications, issues of cinema and its reception in a modern cultural space.

Geological results of the A.A. Chernov Upper-Pechora team

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
E.S. Ponomarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

The year 1921 marks the beginning of a systematic study of the north of the Urals, which was initiated by the research of the Upper Pechora Geological Team under the leadership of A.A. Chernov, conducted in the Ilych River basin. The research of this territory continues to this day, the author of this paper gives a retrospective analysis of some of A.A. Chernov conclusions in his preliminary report of 1922. The history and some results of the study of Paleozoic reef for-mations are discussed. They are widely distributed in the Ilych River basin and poorly subjected to secondary transfor-mations. A.A. Chernov, in his report, described the bright prospects of the graphite discovered during research. However, upon further investigation, Ilych graphite turned out to be a “beautiful fairy tale” and, after the discovery of the Pe-chora coal basin, it was forgotten. The history of the study and repeated attempts to explore and extract lead ores in the Shantym-Priluk tract, which lasted almost until the 1960s of the XX century, is considered.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF THE SUPPLY OF PARTISANS AND UNDERGROUNDERS OF THE CRIMEA WITH THE HELP OF AVIATION IN 1941-1944

2022 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Вячеслав Александрович Иванов
Keyword(s):  
North Caucasus ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Military Command ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Military

Статья посвящена проблеме анализа материально-технического обеспечения в годы Великой Отечественной войны партизан и подпольщиков Крыма, которая недостаточно изучена в отечественной историографии. На основе вводимых в научный оборот неопубликованных материалов из фондов Государственного архива Республики Крым автор исследует причины, побудившие Совет Народных Комиссаров Крымской АССР и военное командование Северо-Кавказского фронта организовать помощь «народным мстителям». В статье рассмотрены основные мероприятия Крымского обкома ВКП(б) по оказанию помощи антифашистскому сопротивлению: подготовка баз снабжения, авиационной техники, летного состава, подвоз продовольствия, организация аэродромов. Акцентируется внимание на факторе содействия советских ВВС в перевозке участников разведывательно-диверсионных и подпольных организаций с баз Северного Кавказа на территорию оккупированного Крыма и в передаче секретной информации в расположение советского командования. Автор приходит к выводу, что благодаря проводимым советским руководством мероприятиям был организован мощный воздушный мост между Северным Кавказом и партизанскими базами Крыма. Это позволило обеспечить партизан и подпольщиков Крыма необходимыми запасами продовольствия, медикаментов, оружия, боеприпасов в переломный момент Великой Отечественной войны. The paper is devoted to the problem of analyzing the material support during the Great Patriotic War of the partisans and underground fighters of the Crimea, which has not been sufficiently studied in Russian historiography. On the basis of unpublished materials from the funds of the State Archives of the Republic of Crimea introduced into scientific circulation, the author examines the reasons that prompted the Council of People’s Commissars of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the military command of the North Caucasian Front to organize the help for the “people’s avengers”. The publication discusses the main activities of the Crimean Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks to provide assistance to the anti-fascist Resistance: the preparation of supply bases, aircraft, flight personnel, the supply of food, the organization of airfields. Attention is focused on the factor of assistance of the Soviet Air Force in the transportation of members of reconnaissance, sabotage and underground organizations from the bases of the North Caucasus to the territory of the occupied Crimea, and in the transfer of classified information to the location of the Soviet command. The author arrives at the conclusion that thanks to the measures carried out by the Soviet leadership, a powerful air bridge was organized between the North Caucasus and the partisan airfields of the Crimea. This made it possible to provide the partisans and underground fighters of the Crimea with the necessary supplies of food, medicines, weapons, ammunition at the turning point of the Great Patriotic War.

scholarly journals 75th Anniversary of Great Victory: Scientists’ Contribution to the Victory over Fascism. Academician A. P. Okladnikov

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-30
Author(s):  
Evgeniya I. Derevyanko ◽  
Vyacheslav I. Molodin ◽  
Yuliya N. Nenakhova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Young Scientist ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
Lena River ◽  
The North ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of

Purpose. The 75th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War is celebrated in Russia in 2020. This article focuses on the research activities of Academician A. P. Okladnikov, whose mission during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 was to study Yakutia’s ancient history. Results. Yakutia is located in the north-eastern part of Siberia. It is the largest administrative and territorial subject of Russia (3,083,523 square kilometers or 1,190,555 square mile) with a great natural economic and resource potential. The Soviet period in the history of the region is associated with its large-scale development. A. P. Okladnikov’s research initiated the systematic study of Yakutia’s ancient history. His research was conducted during the hardest time for Russia, the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. Back in 1939, a well-known young scientist, who had earned a PhD and was the author of several discoveries in Siberia and Central Asia, received an invitation from the Institute of Culture under the Council of People’s Commissars of the Yakut ASSR to do archaeological research in the Lena River valley. During the following six years his life was devoted to ancient Yakutia. Conclusion. The monumental task of writing the history of this region was fully implemented. The studies of A. P. Okladnikov are appreciated locally by the State and internationally by the scientific community. The scientist was awarded the medal “For Valiant Labour during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945” and two “Badge of Honor” orders. His scientific ideas are so fundamental that are still highly regarded by students, colleagues and modern researchers.

scholarly journals Animal husbandry of the Urals regions in the conditions of the great Patriotic war

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
Rustam Suleimanovich Bakhtiyarov ◽  
Alla Vladimirovna Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
Economic Region ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of

This paper deals with the role of animal husbandry in the history of the Ural economic region as the most important economic base of Russia, especially during the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945. The study contains materials characterizing the situation in the industry in the prewar period, estimates the processes taking place in the main areas of animal husbandry in the transition from the sole of the peasant way of organizing production to industrial technologies in the late 30s of XX century. During the collectivization in the Urals, as throughout the country, the number of productive animals suffered heavy losses. Only the number of small cattle in 1928-1935 decreased from 9,1 million heads to 3 million heads, i.e. 3 times. Realizing the harmfulness of such a policy, the Soviet leadership took vigorous measures to correct the situation. They allowed to significantly correct the situation, but in general by the beginning of the great Patriotic war, the full transition to the new principles of work in agriculture hadnt been carried out. When the war broke out the role of animal husbandry in the Urals in the USSR increased. At the beginning of 1941 the farms of the region contained from 5,1 to 8,3% of the population of the main agricultural animals of the country, then during the most difficult years of 1942-1943 this figure increased to 10,8 and even 18,6% of the total productive herd of the USSR. During this period, the livestock of the region gave up to 15% of all dairy products of the country and 13-14% of meat. Thus, the workers of animal husbandry of the Urals in the most difficult conditions of war time were able to save the bulk of the livestock and provide the army and defense industry of the region with the necessary food and raw materials.

Problems of the organization and activities of bodies of the Soviet justice in the national regions of the north of the Tyumen Region Tobol District in 1920-1927

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-128
Author(s):  
Alexander Ya. Kodintsev
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment

This article reveals the history of the formation of the early Soviet justice authorities in the northern regions of Western Siberia and the Urals in the 1920s using archival materials. The activities of the first judges, investigators, bailiffs, and prosecutors show the state policy in introducing the principles of Soviet law in an isolated region of Russia. This paper explains the role of the Soviet justice authorities in strengthening the new government in the isolated regions of the RSFSR. The information provided expands our knowledge about the process of establishing the law enforcement system in Russia. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of the activities of the Soviet justice authorities in the conditions of the North of Russia in the 1920s. Native justice authorities are not the subject of research in this article. The sources of the research include the documents of the bolshevik, Soviet, and law enforcement agencies stored in the archives of Tyumen, Tobolsk, Yekaterinburg, Omsk, Khanty-Mansiysk, and Surgut. This article has used the system-structural and the comparative analysis methods. The territorial scope of the study includes two northern districts of the Tyumen Region and five northern areas of the Tobolsk District of the Ural region. The chronological framework is defined by the period in 1920-1927. The first date is the moment of the creation of the first Soviet judicial bodies in the Tyumen province. The second date is related to the beginning of the Cultural Revolution and the transfer of managerial powers to the district courts. This moment starts the rejection of the model of Soviet justice created in 1922. This study has revealed the inability of the Soviet state to establish a permanent system of repressive organs in the north of the Urals. The management structure, territorial structure, and staff changed with kaleidoscopic speed. Young communists, mobilized to serve in courts and as prosecutors, tried to pursue the Bolshevik policy. Yet the outrageous illiteracy and severe climatic conditions forced them to leave the North, and the party bodies could not stop this process.

scholarly journals A historical, etymological, and biogeographical study of Ukrainian names of mammals of the genus Spermophilus (Mammalia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (19) ◽  
pp. 66-89
Author(s):  
Igor Zagorodniuk ◽  
◽  
Sergiy Kharchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
The West ◽  
Vernacular Names ◽  
The North ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
History Of Formation

The paper presents the results of investigation of distribution of common names of mammals belonging to the genus Spermophilus in space and time, among which the name “ховрах” [khovrakh] is the sole name of the species in the current Ukrainian nomenclature. However, in fact, the name “сусел” [susel] and other derived variants with the root “sus-” are used in all adjacent Slavonic languages (Polish, Belarusian, Slovak, and Russian). The modern vernacular name of the genus Spermophilus — “ховрах” [khovrakh] — is etymologically different and unique compared to vernacular names of Spermophilus in other Slavonic languages. The ancient Ukrainian name of these animals used in chronicles was “сусол” [susol], and later “сусел” [susel] and “суслик” [suslik]. In the 19th century, names from the two designated by us etymological groups “суслик” [suslik] and “ховрах” [khovrakh] were used simultaneously (those from the latter group often without the first consonant “г” [h] or “х” [kh]). The use of names in the 19th century had a more or less clear geographic split: “ховрах” [khovrakh] in Left-Bank Ukraine and “суслик” [suslik] in Right-Bank Ukraine and the Crimea. Later, the animals almost disappeared in the west and the north of the country, so did the names of the etymological group “суслик” [suslik] along with several dozens of variants of the current name “ховрах” [khovrakh], including “оврашок” [ovrashok] and “ховрашок” [khovrashok], the latter being widely used in the early 20th century. A review of several hypotheses (including those proposed by the authors) regarding the origin of the names of the groups “суслик” [suslik] and “ховрах” [khovrakh] are given, among which we support the diminutive of the current name (i.e., “ховрашок” [khovrashok] and its variants) as primary. Cherkasy and Poltava regions should be considered the areas of formation of the animals’ name with the first consonant “г” [h] or “х” [kh]. The review of the history of formation and distribution of the vernacular names allows considering our hypothesis on the successive migration of both species and their names in the space valid (names naturally followed the species). It confirms the idea proposed by the authors earlier that each name had to be formed as locally spread and only subsequently be “amplified” on a wider range due to dispersal of either species or respective practice of naming.

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