scholarly journals Animal husbandry of the Urals regions in the conditions of the great Patriotic war

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
Rustam Suleimanovich Bakhtiyarov ◽  
Alla Vladimirovna Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
Economic Region ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of

This paper deals with the role of animal husbandry in the history of the Ural economic region as the most important economic base of Russia, especially during the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945. The study contains materials characterizing the situation in the industry in the prewar period, estimates the processes taking place in the main areas of animal husbandry in the transition from the sole of the peasant way of organizing production to industrial technologies in the late 30s of XX century. During the collectivization in the Urals, as throughout the country, the number of productive animals suffered heavy losses. Only the number of small cattle in 1928-1935 decreased from 9,1 million heads to 3 million heads, i.e. 3 times. Realizing the harmfulness of such a policy, the Soviet leadership took vigorous measures to correct the situation. They allowed to significantly correct the situation, but in general by the beginning of the great Patriotic war, the full transition to the new principles of work in agriculture hadnt been carried out. When the war broke out the role of animal husbandry in the Urals in the USSR increased. At the beginning of 1941 the farms of the region contained from 5,1 to 8,3% of the population of the main agricultural animals of the country, then during the most difficult years of 1942-1943 this figure increased to 10,8 and even 18,6% of the total productive herd of the USSR. During this period, the livestock of the region gave up to 15% of all dairy products of the country and 13-14% of meat. Thus, the workers of animal husbandry of the Urals in the most difficult conditions of war time were able to save the bulk of the livestock and provide the army and defense industry of the region with the necessary food and raw materials.

scholarly journals Experimental Exercises as an Element of Joint Combat Training of the Air Forces and Railway Troops in the Prewar Period and During the Great Patriotic War (1931-1945)

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
D.S. Lapay ◽  
S.S. Lantukhov
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Combat Training ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prewar Period ◽  
Equipment Testing

This article deals with the organization of experimental exercises of the Air Force and Railway Troops in the conditions of increasing military threat during the prewar period and the years of Great Patriotic War combat operations. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of scientific research on the history of interaction and joint combat training of aviation and special technical branches units. In the course of this research, the role and place of experimental exercises in the system of joint combat training of the Air Force and Railway Troops were defined, and the main areas of weapons and military equipment testing were analyzed. A conclusion was made about the fundamental role of the Gorokhovets Aviation and Railway Troops test field in the study of joint combat use and in the development of new models of air weapons and recovering equipment for Railway Troops. The effectiveness of using of the experience of such experimental exercises is positively assessed. Conclusions are formulated and scientific-theoretical recommendations are offered to improve joint combat training of Aviation and Railway Troops units at the present development level of the Russian Armed Forces.

scholarly journals Repressive Policy of the Ussr Towards Certain Peoples in the Years of the Great Patriotic War (in Particular, the Bulgarians in the Urals)

TECHNOLOGOS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Kamenskikh Mikhail
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Field Trip ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Forest Exploitation ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The North ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Perm Krai ◽  
History Of

The article is devoted to studying Russian Bulgarians living in the Urals in the 1940s with the help of archive materials of the Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk regions as well as Perm Krai. During the Great Patriotic War the USS Rcitizens of Bulgarian origin, like many other peoples, were subject to repressions which meant enrollment in labour army and deporting every single Bulgarian of the Crimea. As a result of the semeasures, a significant number of Bulgarians were moved to the territory of the modern Urals. The deported Bulgarians settled in areas of logging (forest exploitation) in the north of Molotov and Sverdlovsk regions, and members of the labour army were employed in the trust organization «Chelyabmetallurgstroi». The Bulgarians were deported along with other peoples of the Crimea. They did not form compact settlement in the new areas but managed to preserve their traditional culture. Some families were even able to organize permanent lodging in the Urals, pursue a career and contribute to the development of the region. The author is convinced that the judicial legal documents kept in archives as well as field trip research results may serve as a significant but not sufficiently appreciated source of investigating the history of deporting Russian Bulgarians. The topicality of the sources grew after the year 2020 when the 75-years’ period of storing documents of the year 1945 expired. Autobiographies, biographic information, interrogation protocols enable to obtain a detailed reconstruction of deportation circumstances and the process of enrollment into labour army, and to see these events through the prism of the repressed people themselves. Researching the history of repression, inparticular – repression of the Bulgarians – has revealed how complex and controversial the policy of the soviet state towards certain peoples during the Great Patriotic War was.

On Issues of Quality, Hygiene and Safety of Fermented Milk Products: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
LA Rumyantseva ◽  
OV Vetrova ◽  
AV Istomin
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Fermented Dairy ◽  
Fermented Milk Products ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Introduction. The article presents data on the role of milk and dairy products, including fermented milk products, in the human diet and reflects their important role in providing the body with proteins having a high essential amino acid content. In addition to all health benefits of milk, fermented dairy products have dietary and medicinal properties while their digestibility is higher than that of milk. Objective. To demonstrate the role of fermented milk products in human nutrition and benefits of fermented milk products enriched with probiotic microorganisms for preventive nutrition in the microbiocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract. Materials and methods. The article presents an analytical review of literary sources on the role of milk and dairy products, including fermented milk products, in human nutrition and provides information on the per capita production and consumption of milk and dairy products in the Russian Federation. It also addresses the problem of dysbiosis since fermented dairy technology can pose a serious microbiological risk related to favorable conditions for the growth of extraneous microorganisms coming from raw materials, starter cultures, and equipment during the production process. The absence of stringent quality standards for fermented milk products contributes to manufacturing of various counterfeit foods. Results. The article outlines the main provisions of the expert hygienic assessment of specialized food products for preventive nutrition for the purpose of their state registration on the example of fermented milk bioproducts, defines criteria for assessing the quality and safety of specialized products for dietary nutrition and requirements for technical documentation on these products, and provides the list of necessary documents for expert examination of hygiene and safety of specialized products for therapeutic and preventive nutrition. Conclusion. The permission to use novel fermented milk products as preventive nutrition foods shall be based on results of предassessing their compliance with the requirements of technical regulations of the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union on the quality and safety of products and their raw materials, packaging and labeling.

scholarly journals Historical Memory of the Great Patriotic War as a Soft Power Resource of Modern Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
A.O. Naumov
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

The article is devoted to the study of the role of historical memory of the Great Patriotic War as a resource of soft power of the Russian Federation. The research methods used are the method of historicism, institutional approach and comparative analysis. In this context, the countries that are members of the Eurasian Economic Union (Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan) and the BRICS (Russia, Brazil, India, China, South Africa) are considered as objects of implementation of the domestic soft power policy. The author reveals the awareness of the peoples of these states about the history of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War, the attitude of political elites to the events of 1939-1945, peculiarity of state politics of historical memory in relation to this global conflict. Based on this analysis, proposals are formulated to optimize the Russian strategy of soft power in the EEU and BRICS countries. The author concludes that the narrative of the Great Victory is potentially a very effective resource of modern Russia’s soft power.

scholarly journals Life in Science and the Science of Life by Aleksandr Shmuk

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
П.Н. Харченко
Keyword(s):  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Union Institute ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Рецензируется книга доктора биологических наук, академика РАН А.Х. Шеуджена и доктора исторических наук А.Н. Еремеевой, посвященная жизни и творчеству известного советского агрохимика и биохимика, академика ВАСХНИЛ Александра Александровича Шмука (1886–1945). Анализ отечественной и зарубежной литературы, научных и общественно-политических периодических изданий первой половины ХХ века, материалов девяти центральных и региональных архивов позволил авторам произвести реконструкцию биографии ученого, рассмотреть ее в контексте политических и экономических трансформаций в обществе. The reviewed book by A.N. Eremeeva, Dr. Sci. (History), and by A.Kh. Sheudzhen, Dr. Sci. (Biology), academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, is devoted to the life and scientific work of Aleksandr Shmuk (1886–1945), the famous Soviet agrochemist and biochemist, full member of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V. I. Lenin. The analysis of Russian and foreign literature, scientific and sociopolitical periodicals of the first half of the twentieth century, documents from nine central and regional archives allowed the authors to reconstruct the biography of the scientist and consider it in the context of sociopolitical and economic transformations. The authors describe in detail Shmuk’s way to science in the New Alexandria and Moscow Agricultural Institutes, and note the role of his teachers in choosing a scientific specialization. Special attention is paid to the period in Krasnodar, where Shmuk realized himself as an internationally renowned scientist and an organizer of science (he headed the All-Union Institute of Tobacco) and education (as the founder and head of the Department of Agrochemistry of the Kuban Institute of Agriculture). The authors describe in detail Shmuk’s works on the chemical composition of tobacco, soil chemistry, and methods of agrochemical research. They note that the methods of obtaining nicotine, citric and malic acids from raw materials, which were developed by Schmuk and provided import substitution, were strategically important for the Soviet state in the pre-war period and especially during the years of the Great Patriotic War.

scholarly journals Negative Selection: Prohibitions and Restrictions in Red Army Recruitment on Ethnic Grounds during the Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-888
Author(s):  
Alexey Yu. Bezugolny
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The present article continues the research about the role of the ethnic factor in Red Army recruitment during the Great Patriotic War, the first part of which was published in RUDN Journal of Russian History 19, no. 2 (May 2020). This time the focus is on admission restrictions and prohibitions for certain Soviet ethnic groups, as well as on purges from the army due to soldiers nationality. The contribution analyzes the major causes and the scale of this phenomenon, as well as the regulatory framework of restrictions and prohibitions and their development during the war. It is established that the reason for such restrictions could be political motives (distrust towards citizens on ethnic grounds), but also the ethno-cultural and linguistic features of conscripts coming from certain nationalities, with the idea that these features prevented their full use in military service. The article analyzes the practice of restrictions on ethnic grounds, including cases when military authorities in the field allowed for significant deviations from the regulatory framework. The scientific novelty of the present research consists in the fact that for the first time the ethnonational aspect of the history of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War is analyzed with quantitative methods, which made it possible to significantly deepen our understanding of ethnic processes in the Soviet armed forces.

Role of S. V. Korolenko in Evacuation of the Poltava Literary and Memorial Museum of V. G. Korolenko to Sverdlovsk in 1941

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 368-383
Author(s):  
A. S. Mokhov ◽  
K. R. Kapsalykova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Memorial Museums ◽  
Memorial Museum ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

The article is devoted to the problem of the evacuation of cultural values during the Great Patriotic War. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that in historiography insufficient attention is paid to the salvation of the treasures of provincial museums in 1941—1942. The question is raised about the lack of a unified plan for the evacuation of museum collections from the western regions of the USSR in the initial period of the war. The novelty of the research is in the introduction into scientific circulation of a unique document — a report on the evacuation of the literary and memorial museum of V. G. Korolenko from Poltava to Sverdlovsk. The question of the history of the creation of the museum and its work in the pre-war period is considered. The authors dwell on the history of the creation of literary and memorial museums in the USSR in the 1920s-1930s. The composition of the archive of V.G.Korolenko is characterized. It is shown that the graduates of the higher female Bestuzhev courses played a significant role in this process. Particular attention is paid to the activities of the museum director, the writer’s eldest daughter, Sofya Vladimirovna Korolenko. It has been proven that she is credited with saving the museum collection from the front line. According to the authors, the history of the evacuation of cultural property during the war is a poorly studied issue, the solution of which depends on the publication of sources.

Efficiency of Application of Innovative Equipment in Animal Husbandry

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
N.M. Morozov ◽  
◽  
A.N. Rasskazov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Progress ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Automation Technology ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products ◽  
Scientific Achievements

Livestock production has been steadily increasing in recent years. Increasing the number of cattle and increasing the productivity of cows can reduce the import of milk and dairy products. The role of animal husbandry in providing rural population with jobs is shown. The implementation of the adopted programs to stimulate the development of animal husbandry will be successful only if innovative scientific achievements in mechanization and automation, technology for keeping and feeding animals are used. The creation of new technology should be based on modern scientific achievements and experience. The System of machines in animal husbandry developed by scientists of the Institute of mechanization of animal husbandry with the participation of a number of institutes of the country for the coming years presents the directions of technical progress in mechanization and automation, machine complexes and the effectiveness of their application in farms with different levels of concentration of objects.

A Dig through Archives and Depots

Nuncius ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-516
Author(s):  
Cinzia Bettineschi ◽  
Giulia Deotto ◽  
Donald James Ian Begg ◽  
Gianmario Molin ◽  
Paola Zanovello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Glass Technology ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archival Record ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Shape And Size

Abstract Despite the key role of the Ptolemaic period in the history of glass technology, very little is known on the workshop activities and on the organization of the production. This is mainly due to the limits of the documentation currently available, consisting of very few archaeological contexts often poorly preserved. This contribution presents a first overview of the material and archival record related to the 1931 excavations in the Ptolemaic inlay workshop of Tebtynis (Fayum oasis, Egypt). Unlike other coeval sites, the data from Tebtynis revealed a complete set of evidence related to the stratigraphy and the topography of the craft area, to the shape and size of the kiln, to the furniture, the tools, the raw materials, and the finished products discovered. The interpretation of the data provides the opportunity to propose new hypotheses on the function of the spaces and the tools, but also on the chronology of the workshop, contributing to shedding light on the technological and empirical knowledge of the ancient Egyptian glassmakers in a crucial moment of glass history.

The Air Factor in West Africa's Colonial Defence 1920–1945: A Neglected Theme

Itinerario ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Yomi Akinyeye
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Military History ◽  
French West Africa ◽  
Naval Warfare ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of

The colonial military history of British and French West Africa has received copious attention from historians and soldiers. The role of the region in the two world wars has also been discussed in one way or the other. However, in the discussion of West Africa's colonial military history and the role of the colonies in the two world wars, hardly any reference is made to the air factor. While discussions of colonial military history concentrate on infantry and naval exploits, those on the role of the colonies in the world wars concentrate on their importance as sources of raw materials and manpower for British and French war efforts in other theatres of the wars. The wrong impressions thus given are that the air factor was alien to West Africa's colonial defence and that the region was largely outside the strategic manoeuvres of the two world wars. This is understandable in that the Maxim gun and the gunboat had largely been responsible for the conquest and policing of West Africa. Moreover, while infantry and naval warfare had been the mode of combat in all societies from time immemorial the air as a factor of warfare is largely a phenomenon of the twentieth century. Lastly, strategists in British West Africa ignored the air factor for a very long time because of its capital intensity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document