Comparison of skeletal muscle index-based formula and body surface area-based formula for calculating standard liver volume

Abstract BACKGROUNDThe liver volume and spleen volum are useful index for cirrhosis patients with esphageal varices. But the calculation of the volume is time-consuming and boring. To solve the problem, we successfully established the liver and spleen volume formula using the body surface area. We compared the liver volume formula with other four formulas, which be proved with highest accuracy and lowest error. Until now, except for the new spleen volume formula in the research, there are few reports about it.AIMTo obtain a reference range of morphological indices, and to establish a formula to accurately predict the standard liver and spleen volumes in Chinese adults.METHODSComputed tomography was used to calculate the estimated total liver volume and spleen volume of 305 Chinese adults without any diseases which could influence the volumes of these two organs. Gender, age, body height, body weight, body surface area and body mass index were determined. Correlation analysis and step-wise multiple linear regression analysis were performed to evaluate the impact of each parameter on the liver and spleen volumes, and then a formula to predict the liver and spleen volumes was established. Finally, the results obtained with the new liver volume formula with existing formulas in a validation group were compared.RESULTSThe average liver and spleen volume values were 1043.18 ± 244.60 cm3 and 175.07 ± 88.15 cm3, respectively. Age, body height, body weight, body surface area and body mass index were significantly correlated with liver and spleen volume. Body surface area showed the strongest correlation with liver volume and spleen volume( p<0.005 and p<0.001). Based on these results, new formulas to calculate the standard liver volume and standard spleen volume were established.CONCLUSIONSCompared the new liver volume formula with the existing formula, it is found that the new liver volume is more accurate. And the accuracy of the spleen volume formula is acceptable. Core tip: To solve the problem of time-consuming and boring in calculating the liver and spleen volume, we successfully established the liver and spleen volume formula can be used in Chinese adult. Though there are some reports about the liver volume, but it is different in spleen volume. The liver volume and spleen volume radio is an useful index to predict the esophageal varices and bleeding risk for cirrhosis patients. Only liver volume formula is not enough, the finding of the spleen volume is very meaningful.

Download Full-text

Progressive exercise training improves maximal aerobic capacity in individuals with well-healed burn injuries

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00201.2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 317 (4) ◽

pp. R563-R570 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Steven A. Romero ◽

Gilbert Moralez ◽

Manall F. Jaffery ◽

Mu Huang ◽

Matthew N. Cramer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Body Surface ◽

Burn Injuries ◽

Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽

Area Burned ◽

Progressive Exercise

Long-term rehabilitative strategies are important for individuals with well-healed burn injuries. Such information is particularly critical because patients are routinely surviving severe burn injuries given medical advances in the acute care setting. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a 6-mo community-based exercise training program will increase maximal aerobic capacity (V̇o2max) in subjects with prior burn injuries, with the extent of that increase influenced by the severity of the burn injury (i.e., percent body surface area burned). Maximal aerobic capacity (indirect calorimetry) and skeletal muscle oxidative enzyme activity (biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle) were measured pre- and postexercise training in noninjured control subjects ( n = 11) and in individuals with well-healed burn injuries ( n = 13, moderate body surface area burned; n = 20, high body surface area burned). Exercise training increased V̇o2max in all groups (control: 15 ± 5%; moderate body surface area: 11 ± 3%; high body surface area: 11 ± 2%; P < 0.05), though the magnitude of this improvement did not differ between groups ( P = 0.7). Exercise training also increased the activity of the skeletal muscle oxidative enzymes citrate synthase ( P < 0.05) and cytochrome c oxidase ( P < 0.05), an effect that did not differ between groups ( P = 0.2). These data suggest that 6 mo of progressive exercise training improves V̇o2max in individuals with burn injuries and that the magnitude of body surface area burned does not lessen this adaptive response.

Download Full-text

The relationship between dose to skeletal muscle area ratio and gemcitabine nab-paclitaxel toxicity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2018.36.4_suppl.492 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (4_suppl) ◽

pp. 492-492

Author(s):

Rachel Wong ◽

Julia Freckelton ◽

Daniel Croagh ◽

Darcy Quinn Holt ◽

Adrian Fox ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Body Surface ◽

Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽

First Line ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Skeletal Muscle Area

492 Background: Combination gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel (Gem-Nab-P) is a common regimen used to treat metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Toxicity is less than that associated with other combination metastatic regimens (FOLFIRINOX), but it is still associated with significant morbidity. Currently, Gem-Nab-P is dosed using estimated body surface area. This study investigates whether skeletal muscle assessment could be a useful tool in the dosing of Gem-Nab-P in metastatic PDAC. Methods: This study involved two sites and included patients who had received Gem-Nab-P between January 2013 and March 2017. A review of medical records was used to identify demographic, disease and first-cycle treatment information. Chemotherapy toxicity was defined as grade 3 or 4 adverse events using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria Adverse Events manual v4.0. Body composition analysis was performed on computed tomography scans at spinal level L3, using SliceOmatic software. SPSS software was used to for all statistical analysis, with a p value of < 0.05 considered significant. Results: We identified 52 patients treated with first-line Gem-Nab-P for PDAC. Median age was 65 years (57-73) and 24 (47%) were male. Median BMI at commencement of Gem-Nab-P was 24.7 kg/m2 (21.3-27.4) and 38 (58%) of the patients were myopenic before starting chemotherapy. Fourteen (27%) patients experienced toxicity during the first cycle of chemotherapy. Patients who experienced first-cycle chemotherapy-associated toxicity did not have a different median SkMA to those who did not (128.6 cm2 vs. 111.4 cm2, p= 0.2). There was also no difference in the gemcitabine dose to SkMA ratio (14.1 mg/cm2 vs. 14.4 mg/cm2, p=0.8), nab-paclitaxel to SkMA ratio (1.8 mg/cm2 vs. 1.8 mg/cm2, p=0.6) or combined dose equivalent to SkMA ratio (2.8 mg/cm2 vs. 2.9 mg/cm2, p=0.9) between the patients that experienced first cycle toxicity versus those that did not. Conclusions: This study suggests that a pancreatic cancer patient’s skeletal muscle area is unlikely to be a useful addition to conventional body surface area in the dosing of first line Gem-Nab-P, to reduce first-cycle toxicity.

Download Full-text