Accuracy of new formula for standard liver volume using L3 skeletal muscle index

Background: This study investigates whether the appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) was an independent prognostic predictor for patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC) receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and whether there were any differences in lean mass loss in different body regions during CCRT. Methods: In this prospective study, we analyzed the clinicopathological variables and the total body composition data before and after treatment. The factors associated with the 2-year recurrence-free survival rate (RFSR) were analyzed via logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 98 patients were eligible for analysis. The body weight, body mass index, and all parameters of body composition significantly decreased after CCRT. The pretreatment ASMI was the only independent prognostic factor for predicting the 2-year RFSR (hazard ratio, 0.235; 95% confidence interval, 0.062–0.885; p = 0.030). There was at least 5% reduction in total lean and fat mass (p < 0.001); however, the highest lean mass loss was observed in the arms (9.5%), followed by the legs (7.2%), hips (7.1%), waist (4.7%), and trunk (3.6%). Conclusions: The pretreatment ASMI was the only independent prognostic predictor for the 2-year RFSR of LAHNC patients undergoing CCRT. Asynchronous loss of lean mass may be observed in different body parts after CCRT.

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Microbiota analysis and transient elastography reveal new extra-hepatic components of liver steatosis and fibrosis in obese patients

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79718-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicolas Lanthier ◽

Julie Rodriguez ◽

Maxime Nachit ◽

Sophie Hiel ◽

Pierre Trefois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Transient Elastography ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Liver Steatosis ◽

Liver Stiffness ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Skeletal Muscle Index ◽

Linear Discriminant

AbstractObesity could lead to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which severity could be linked to muscle and gut microbiota disturbances. Our prospective study enrolled 52 obese patients whose MAFLD severity was estimated by transient elastography. Patients with severe steatosis (n = 36) had higher ALAT values, fasting blood glucose levels as well as higher visceral adipose tissue area and skeletal muscle index evaluated by computed tomography. Patients with fibrosis (n = 13) had higher ASAT values, increased whole muscle area and lower skeletal muscle density index. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, myosteatosis was the strongest factor associated with fibrosis. Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicon was performed on fecal samples. The relative abundance of fecal Clostridium sensu stricto was significantly decreased with the presence of liver fibrosis and was negatively associated with liver stiffness measurement and myosteatosis. In addition, 19 amplicon sequence variants were regulated according to the severity of the disease. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) also highlighted discriminant microbes in patients with fibrosis, such as an enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia/Shigella compared to patients with severe steatosis without fibrosis. All those data suggest a gut-liver-muscle axis in the pathogenesis of MAFLD complications.

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Preoperative skeletal muscle index and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat area ratio are associated with long-term outcomes of elderly gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy

Langenbeck s Archives of Surgery ◽

10.1007/s00423-021-02092-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yusuke Taki ◽

Shinsuke Sato ◽

Eiji Nakatani ◽

Kazuya Higashizono ◽

Erina Nagai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Area Ratio ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Skeletal Muscle Index ◽

Gastric Cancer Patients

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The Influence of Body Composition on the Systemic Exposure of Paclitaxel in Esophageal Cancer Patients

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14010047 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Leni van Doorn ◽

Marie-Rose B. S. Crombag ◽

Hánah N. Rier ◽

Jeroen L. A. van Vugt ◽

Charlotte van Kesteren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Esophageal Cancer ◽

Body Composition ◽

Dose Range ◽

Systemic Exposure ◽

Lumbar Vertebra ◽

Skeletal Muscle Index ◽

Mixed Effects Modeling ◽

Significance Threshold ◽

A Prospective Study

Changes in body composition are associated with chemotherapy-related toxicities and effectiveness of treatment. It is hypothesized that the pharmacokinetics (PK) of chemotherapeutics may depend on body composition. The effects of body composition on the variability of paclitaxel PK were studied in patients with esophageal cancer. Skeletal muscle index (SMI), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and skeletal muscle density (SMD) were measured at the third lumbar vertebra on computed tomography (CT) scans performed before treatment. Paclitaxel PK data were collected from a prospective study performed between May 2004 and January 2014. Non-linear mixed-effects modeling was used to fit paclitaxel PK profiles and evaluate the covariates body surface area (BSA), SMI, VAT, and SMD using a significance threshold of p < 0.001. Paclitaxel was administered to 184 patients in a dose range of 50 to 175 mg/m2. Median BSA was 1.98 m2 (range of 1.4 to 2.8 m2). SMI, VAT, and SMD were not superior to BSA in predicting paclitaxel PK. The additive value of SMI, VAT, and SMD to BSA was also negligible. We did not find evidence that paclitaxel dosing could be further optimized by correcting for SMI, VAT, or SMD.

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