Skeletal muscle area correlates with body surface area in healthy adults

492 Background: Combination gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel (Gem-Nab-P) is a common regimen used to treat metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Toxicity is less than that associated with other combination metastatic regimens (FOLFIRINOX), but it is still associated with significant morbidity. Currently, Gem-Nab-P is dosed using estimated body surface area. This study investigates whether skeletal muscle assessment could be a useful tool in the dosing of Gem-Nab-P in metastatic PDAC. Methods: This study involved two sites and included patients who had received Gem-Nab-P between January 2013 and March 2017. A review of medical records was used to identify demographic, disease and first-cycle treatment information. Chemotherapy toxicity was defined as grade 3 or 4 adverse events using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria Adverse Events manual v4.0. Body composition analysis was performed on computed tomography scans at spinal level L3, using SliceOmatic software. SPSS software was used to for all statistical analysis, with a p value of < 0.05 considered significant. Results: We identified 52 patients treated with first-line Gem-Nab-P for PDAC. Median age was 65 years (57-73) and 24 (47%) were male. Median BMI at commencement of Gem-Nab-P was 24.7 kg/m2 (21.3-27.4) and 38 (58%) of the patients were myopenic before starting chemotherapy. Fourteen (27%) patients experienced toxicity during the first cycle of chemotherapy. Patients who experienced first-cycle chemotherapy-associated toxicity did not have a different median SkMA to those who did not (128.6 cm2 vs. 111.4 cm2, p= 0.2). There was also no difference in the gemcitabine dose to SkMA ratio (14.1 mg/cm2 vs. 14.4 mg/cm2, p=0.8), nab-paclitaxel to SkMA ratio (1.8 mg/cm2 vs. 1.8 mg/cm2, p=0.6) or combined dose equivalent to SkMA ratio (2.8 mg/cm2 vs. 2.9 mg/cm2, p=0.9) between the patients that experienced first cycle toxicity versus those that did not. Conclusions: This study suggests that a pancreatic cancer patient’s skeletal muscle area is unlikely to be a useful addition to conventional body surface area in the dosing of first line Gem-Nab-P, to reduce first-cycle toxicity.

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Progressive exercise training improves maximal aerobic capacity in individuals with well-healed burn injuries

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00201.2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 317 (4) ◽

pp. R563-R570 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Steven A. Romero ◽

Gilbert Moralez ◽

Manall F. Jaffery ◽

Mu Huang ◽

Matthew N. Cramer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Aerobic Capacity ◽

Body Surface ◽

Burn Injuries ◽

Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽

Area Burned ◽

Progressive Exercise

Long-term rehabilitative strategies are important for individuals with well-healed burn injuries. Such information is particularly critical because patients are routinely surviving severe burn injuries given medical advances in the acute care setting. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a 6-mo community-based exercise training program will increase maximal aerobic capacity (V̇o2max) in subjects with prior burn injuries, with the extent of that increase influenced by the severity of the burn injury (i.e., percent body surface area burned). Maximal aerobic capacity (indirect calorimetry) and skeletal muscle oxidative enzyme activity (biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle) were measured pre- and postexercise training in noninjured control subjects ( n = 11) and in individuals with well-healed burn injuries ( n = 13, moderate body surface area burned; n = 20, high body surface area burned). Exercise training increased V̇o2max in all groups (control: 15 ± 5%; moderate body surface area: 11 ± 3%; high body surface area: 11 ± 2%; P < 0.05), though the magnitude of this improvement did not differ between groups ( P = 0.7). Exercise training also increased the activity of the skeletal muscle oxidative enzymes citrate synthase ( P < 0.05) and cytochrome c oxidase ( P < 0.05), an effect that did not differ between groups ( P = 0.2). These data suggest that 6 mo of progressive exercise training improves V̇o2max in individuals with burn injuries and that the magnitude of body surface area burned does not lessen this adaptive response.

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Thyroid Volume and Its Relation to Anthropometric Measures in a Healthy Cuban Population

European Thyroid Journal ◽

10.1159/000371346 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 55-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Silvia Turcios ◽

Juan J. Lence-Anta ◽

Jose-Luis Santana ◽

Celia M. Pereda ◽

Milagros Velasco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Body Surface ◽

Thyroid Volume ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Anthropometric Parameter ◽

Thyroid Cancer Risk

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the thyroid volume in healthy adults by ultrasound and to correlate this volume with some anthropometric measures and other differentiated thyroid cancer risk factors. Study Design: Thyroid volume and anthropometric measures were recorded in a sample of 100 healthy adults, including 21 men and 79 women aged 18-50 years, living in a non-iodine-deficient area of Havana city. Results: The average thyroid volume was 6.6 ± 0.26 ml; it was higher in men (7.3 ml) than in women (6.4 ml; p = 0.15). In the univariate analysis, thyroid volume was correlated with all anthropometric measures, but in the multivariate analysis, body surface area was found to be the only significant anthropometric parameter. Thyroid volume was also higher in current or former smokers and in persons with blood group AB or B. Conclusion: Specific reference values of thyroid volume as a function of body surface area could be used for evaluating thyroid volume in clinical practice. The relation between body surface area and thyroid volume is coherent with what is known about the relation of thyroid volume to thyroid cancer risk, but the same is not true about the relation between thyroid volume and smoking habit.

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Capecitabine (cape) dosing using skeletal muscle index (SMI) compared to body surface area (BSA)

Annals of Oncology ◽

10.1093/annonc/mdw370.92 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. vi179

Author(s):

J. Sun ◽

A. Ilich ◽

C. Kim ◽

G. Wong ◽

S. Ghosh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Body Surface ◽

Skeletal Muscle Index

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Body surface area estimation and its impact on predicting appendicular skeletal muscle mass with a mechanistic model based on the Reference Man

Acta Diabetologica ◽

10.1007/s00592-003-0022-1 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 40 (0) ◽

pp. s29-s31 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. B. Sardinha ◽

E. A. Carnero ◽

S. Martins ◽

T. Branco ◽

P. J. Teixeira

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Surface ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Mechanistic Model ◽

Area Estimation ◽

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass

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Modification of Calcium Flux of Twitch Skeletal Muscle in Mice Subjected to 20% Body Surface Area Burn

Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation ◽

10.1097/00004630-199209000-00007 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 546-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

John F. Tomera ◽

Kevin D. Friend ◽

Steven P. Kukulka ◽

Karen Lilford

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Body Surface ◽

Calcium Flux

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104 Left ventricular stroke volume differences among echocardiographic methods in healthy adults from the World Alliance of Societies of Echocardiography (WASE) Normal Values Study

European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging ◽

10.1093/ehjci/jez319.023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

T Miyoshi ◽

K Addetia ◽

A Blitz ◽

R Lang ◽

F Asch

Keyword(s):

Stroke Volume ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Body Surface ◽

Normal Values ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Friedman Test ◽

2D And 3D ◽

Simpson's Rule

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements WASE Normal Values Study is sponsored by American Society Echocardiography Foundation. OnBehalf the WASE Investigators Background Left ventricular (LV) stroke volume (SV) can be determined by multiple ultrasound methods, including Doppler, two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography. However, how methods compare to each other is not well understood. In this report from the WASE study, we aim to examine and compare normal reference ranges for SV and SV index (SVI) obtained from healthy adults by Doppler, 2D Simpson’s and 3D methods. Methods WASE Normal Values Study is a multinational, observational, cross-sectional study. Individuals free from known cardiac, lung and renal disease were prospectively enrolled with even distribution among age groups and gender. Doppler, 2D and 3D datasets were acquired at the enrolling centers, following a standardized protocol. LV SV was measured by three methods: Doppler (LV outflow tract diameter and velocity time integral), 2D biplane Simpson’s rule and 3D volume method. SV was indexed by body surface area (SVI). All measurements were analyzed (TOMTEC) in two core laboratories (for 2D and 3D) following ASE Guidelines. Methods were compared by Friedman test and Bland-Altman analysis. Results As of May 2019, 646 cases have been analyzed in both 2D and 3D datasets. In this population, age was 45 ± 16 years old (range 18-85) and body surface area was 1.76 ± 0.22 m² (range 0.95-2.44). LV EF by 2D Simpson’s rule and 3D method were 63.2 ± 2.9 and 62.3 ± 5.0 %, respectively (p < 0.0001, Wilcoxon test). SVI by Doppler, 2D and 3D were 39.6 ± 7.6, 33.8 ± 6.5 and 41.0 ± 9.4 ml/m², respectively. There were significant differences between the three methods (p < 0.0001, Friedman test). 2D underestimated SVI compared to Doppler by 14.6% (mean of differences 5.8 ml/m², p < 0.0001) and 3D by 17.6% (7.2 ml/m², p < 0.001). The difference between Doppler and 3D was smaller (3.4% lower by Doppler) but still statistically significant (1.4 ml/m², p = 0.0008). The results are shown in the figure. Conclusions Comparing 3 modalities in a large population of healthy individuals, SV and SVI are underestimated by 2D Simpson’s method. Given the large differences, combining 2D and Doppler or 3D measurements for hemodynamic calculations (such as regurgitant volumes and fraction) should be done with caution. Abstract 104 Figure.

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Variations of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Associated with Various Factors Among Healthy Adults in a City Setting

Polish Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1515/pjph-2016-0019 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 126 (2) ◽

pp. 91-94

Author(s):

Maciej Składanowski ◽

Paweł Jarosz ◽

Barbara Mackiewicz

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Peak Expiratory Flow ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Body Surface ◽

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Study Group ◽

Expiratory Flow

Abstract Introduction. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) was first described by Hadorn as a measure of the lung function. The definition of PEFR established by the European Respiratory Society defines it as the maximal flow achieved during the phase of expiration, delivered with maximal force and starting from the maximal lung inflation level. Aim. The authors of this study attempted at evaluating the variations of PEFR, taking into consideration the effects of one’s age, height Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Surface Area (BSA), seasons of the year and air pollution. Healthy adults living in urban areas were subjects of the study. Material and methods. The study group consisted of some 179 healthy subjects, 102 women and 77 men, aged 18 to 66. Every patient’s medical history, including epidemiological, demographic data, as well as the information about the occurrence and symptoms of lung diseases, was taken from every patient. Only healthy subjects were selected for further analysis. Participants performed spirometry testing. Physical parameters were measured. Appropriate pollution data was obtained. Results. The study group consisted of 179 patients (102 women and 77 men). There is a negative correlation between PEFR and age and a positive one between PEFR and height, as well as Body Surface Area and BMI (regarded as a quantitative, but not as a qualitative trait). There is a significant correlation between PEFR and PEFR adjusted by age, height and weight with seasons of the year. There is a statistically significant negative impact of NO2, SO2 and O3 24 h mean and hourly NO2 concentration on PEFR. Conclusions. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate changes are also present in a healthy adult population. Prevalence of obesity is an important factor of the examined population.

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