Measuring the Thermal De-Broglie Wavelength in Laser-produced Plasma of different Samples of Writing Inks Elements Using LIBS Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdullah Jasim ◽  
Dr. Sami Abd Al-Hussein Hatif ◽  
Dr. Alaa Hussein Ali
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Local Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Plasma Spectroscopy ◽  
Pulse Time ◽  
Forensic Evidence ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
De Broglie Wavelength ◽  
Model View ◽  
Detector Model

In this paper, the technique of laser pulse breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) under the influence of the pulse Nd:YAG laser of 1064nm wavelength and with a pulse time of 10ns was used on different samples of writing ink models. In this work, the de-Broglie wavelength was measured. After calculating the electron temperature and assuming the local thermal equilibrium conditions (LTE), and using a spectral detector model (View spectra 2100) within the spectral range (200nm-900nm), the results after performing the analysis showed differences in the D-Broglie thermal wavelength of the plasma. The formation and temperature of the electron, which can be applied in plasma spectroscopy processes in many sciences, including the field of forensic evidence, to detect forgery in documents and documents.

Calculation of the Coupling Coefficient of Electrons in Laser Induced Plasma for Samples of Writing Ink Elements Using LIBS Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdullah Jasim
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Plasma Spectroscopy ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Breakdown ◽  
Density Of Electrons ◽  
Model View ◽  
Detector Model

The technique of laser breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was employed for samples of writing inks under the influence of a Nd:YAG laser pulse 1064 nm with a pulse duration of 10 ns on different targets of writing ink models. The plasma parameters were also calculated, which are the temperature and density of electrons, assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions (LTE) and using a spectral detector model (View spectra 2100) for the spectral range (200nm - 900nm). The results showed differences in the values of the pairing coefficient of electrons in the plasma. Produced due to the laser pulse used as well as in the plasma parameters mentioned, which can be applied in plasma spectroscopy for forensic sciences in detecting forgery in documents and tracking the performance and phenomena of the plasma formed due to the laser pulse.

Karakteristik Fisik Plasma dalam Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Menggunakan Laser Neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Nd-YAG) Pada Sampel Daging Kerang Sungai

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Nasrullah Idris, Tjoet Nia Usmawanda, Herman, Kurnia Lahna, Muliadi Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Local Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Plasma Laser ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

Abstrak – Teknik LIBS akan dipakai untuk analisis sampel daging kerang sungai karena diperkirakan kerang sungai dapat memberi petunjuk mengenai polusi logam berat akibat limbah penambangan emas tradisional. Namun, karakteristik-karakteristik plasma LIBS yaitu suhu, densitas elektron dan derajat ionisasi, ditentukan oleh berbagai parameter termasuk jenis sampel. Daging kerang termasuk sampel yang rumit karena banyak mengandung air dan secara umum mengandung elemen-elemen organik utama sama (C, H, O, dan N). Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengestimasi suhu dan densitas elektron plasma yang dibangkitkan pada sampel daging kerang sungai. Perangkat LIBS utama yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah sebuah laser Nd-YAG dan sebuah detektor optik kanal banyak. Sampel kerang sungai diambil dari Sungai Panga, Kabupaten Aceh Jaya, Aceh, Indonesia yang berhulu di pegunungan Gunong Ujeun, salah satu lokasi penambangan emas tradisional di Aceh Jaya. Estimasi suhu dan densitas elektron plasma dilakukan dengan plot Boltzmann menggunakan garis-garis emisi spektral besi, Fe. Ditemukan bahwa suhu plasma dan densitas elektron plasma cenderung berfluktuasi, namun demikian secara umum suhu dan densitas elektron plasma relatif lebih rendah dibandingkan suhu dan densitas plasma yang dibangkitkan dari sampel padat lainnya. Suhu dan densitas elektron plasma tersebut memenuhi kriteria Maxwell dan kriteria Mcwhriter untuk plasma laser berada dalam kondisi kesetimbangan termal lokal (local thermal equilibrium, LTE).Kata kunci: teknik sepektroskopi plasma laser, suhu plasma, densitas elektron plasma, daging kerang, laser Nd-YAG

scholarly journals Extreme laser pulses for non-thermal fusion ignition of hydrogen–boron for clean and low-cost energy

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinrich Hora ◽  
Shalom Eliezer ◽  
George H. Miley ◽  
JiaXiang Wang ◽  
YanXia Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fusion Energy ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Local Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Thermal Ignition ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Fusion Ignition ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Energy Gains

AbstractAfter achieving significant research results on laser-driven boron fusion, the essential facts are presented how the classical very low-energy gains of the initially known thermal ignition conditions for fusion of hydrogen (H) with the boron isotope 11 (HB11 fusion) were bridged by nine orders of magnitudes in agreement with experiments. This is possible under extreme non-thermal equilibrium conditions for ignition by >10 PW-ps laser pulses of extreme power and nonlinear conditions. This low-temperature clean and low-cost fusion energy generation is in crucial contrast to local thermal equilibrium conditions with the advantage to avoid the difficulties of the usual problems with extremely high temperatures.

scholarly journals Precise Measurements of CH Maser Emission and Its Abundance in Translucent Clouds

2021 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Ningyu Tang ◽  
Di Li ◽  
Gan Luo ◽  
Carl Heiles ◽  
Sheng-Li Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Column Density ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Local Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Excitation Temperature ◽  
Hyperfine Transitions ◽  
Visible Wavelengths ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Log Normal Distribution

Abstract We present high-sensitivity CH 9 cm ON/OFF observations toward 18 extragalactic continuum sources that have been detected with OH 18 cm absorption in the Millennium survey with the Arecibo telescope. CH emission was detected toward 6 of the 18 sources. The excitation temperature of CH has been derived directly through analyzing all detected ON and OFF velocity components. The excitation temperature of CH 3335 MHz transition ranges from −54.5 to −0.4 K and roughly follows a log-normal distribution peaking within [−5, 0] K, which implies overestimation by 20% to more than 10 times during calculating CH column density by assuming the conventional value of −60 or −10 K. Furthermore, the column density of CH would be underestimated by a factor of 1.32 ± 0.03 when adopting local thermal equilibrium assumption instead of using the CH three hyperfine transitions. We found a correlation between the column density of CH and OH following log N(CH) = (1.80 ± 0.49) and log N(OH −11.59 ± 6.87. The linear correlation between the column density of CH and H2 is consistent with that derived from visible wavelengths studies, confirming that CH is one of the best tracers of H2 components in diffuse molecular gas.

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