Effect of the Laser Surface Treatment on Properties of the Alloy (Ni-Cu-V) Nanoparticles Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Method

In this research, an alloy with a nanostructure was prepared using a metallurgical technique. To prepare an ideal alloy, three nanoscale powders were used (70 percent Ni, 25 percent Cu, and 5 percent V). The dried alloy was stored under 8 Tons of cold pressing at 80°C for 30 minutes. After that, a surface treatment of the prepared alloys with different laser energies (0, 200, 260, 300) mJ was carried out with a pulse time (10 seconds) at a distance of (100 cm). and hardness (Rockwell method) is studied. By immersing samples in a solution (3.5 percent NaCl) for different periods (3, 5, 7, 9, 11) days, the effect of laser surface treatment on the corrosion resistance of the alloy was investigated. Results show that porosity, water absorption ratio decreases after laser surface treatment with rising hardness values. Additionally, the wear resistance decreases as laser energy increases. Atomic force microscope images show that grain sizes increase as laser energy increases, and by increasing the laser energy, the surface of the nanoparticles is more homogeneous. Easy architecture and high nanostructure alloy consistency play a key role in improving the mechanical and physical properties.

The Optimal Performance of the Energy Efficiency of a Pulse Dust Collection System towards Sustainability

A growing number of manufacturers are realizing cost and environmental benefits through the sustainability of innovation and optimization processes. Based on polluting less and creating less, the study is pursuing sustainability on increasing operational efficiency by reducing costs and waste. Pulse dust collection systems are commonly used filtration equipment in industries and have lots of energy consumption due to running all day. This study is focused on the optimal parameters for energy saving and cost reduction, and the model is represented by the pressure drop of the filter and the residual powder. The characteristic values of the cleaning efficiency and the air permeability reduction are used for MATLAB to analyze the optimization state. This study found that the material of filter elements, the type of dust, the conditions of pulse-jet, and the filtering speed are the factors that affect the operational efficiency. In terms of cost, the pulse interval time in 10 s is the best parameter, and the pulse time does not affect the overall cost of the filter. Considering energy saving, 0.1 s of the pulse time is the best parameter. In addition, a lower dust concentration is a way to improve efficiency for increasing the filter life and reducing cost.

Measuring the Thermal De-Broglie Wavelength in Laser-produced Plasma of different Samples of Writing Inks Elements Using LIBS Spectroscopy

In this paper, the technique of laser pulse breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) under the influence of the pulse Nd:YAG laser of 1064nm wavelength and with a pulse time of 10ns was used on different samples of writing ink models. In this work, the de-Broglie wavelength was measured. After calculating the electron temperature and assuming the local thermal equilibrium conditions (LTE), and using a spectral detector model (View spectra 2100) within the spectral range (200nm-900nm), the results after performing the analysis showed differences in the D-Broglie thermal wavelength of the plasma. The formation and temperature of the electron, which can be applied in plasma spectroscopy processes in many sciences, including the field of forensic evidence, to detect forgery in documents and documents.

A Study on Formation of Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Films by Pulsed-Direct Current Sputtering for CIGS Solar Cells

Considering the relationship between thin film thickness of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) materials and the reversed pulse time in pulsed-direct current (DC) sputtering, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films were deposited on glass substrates at different reversed pulse times by changing oxygen/argon (O2/Ar) gas ratios for window layers of large area CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) solar cells. As a result of the reduced sputtering time, the thickness of AZO film was decreased when the reversed pulsed time was increased. The higher resistance and resistivity of the AZO film was obtained at a higher reversed pulse time. From the structural investigations of AZO such as transmittance and X-ray diffraction (XRD), it was possible to observe the relationship between the crystallinity of AZO and transmittance. Even at the short reversed pulse time of 0.5 µs, it can be concluded that the accumulated charges on the AZO target are completely cleared and the AZO layers show the highest figure of merit (FOM) with low sheet resistance and high transmittance.

Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy of Thick N-Polar InGaN Films

Hillock-free thick InGaN layers were grown on N-polar GaN on sapphire by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy using a digital growth scheme and H2 as surfactant. Introducing Mg to act as an additional surfactant and optimizing the H2 pulse time, In compositions up to 17% were obtained in 100 nm thick epilayers. Although Mg adversely affected the In incorporation, it enabled maintenance of a good surface morphology while decreasing the InGaN growth temperature, resulting in a net increase in In composition. The parameter space of growth temperature and Mg precursor flow to obtain hillock-free epilayers was mapped out.

Error analysis of initial phase estimation for X-ray pulsar navigation system

In this paper, a nonlinear least squares estimator based on the extending cost function is derived, and its performance is analyzed in a Monte-Carlo simulation. Numerical results show that estimation error of the pulse time of arrival satisfies the normal distribution, the relation between the variance and the number of X-ray photon obtained by our simulation is compared with the analytical model. In addition, the effect of time bin size on the statically behavior of estimation error is also studied. This work holds great promise for designing the parameters of X-ray camera adopted in the pulsar navigation system.