scholarly journals A Comprehensive Survey of Routing Attacks and Defense Mechanisms in MANETs

Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (Special Issue 04) ◽  
pp. 1479-1498
Author(s):  
R. Deeptha
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Routing Security ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Manet Routing

Mobile Ad Hoc NETwork (MANET) is the most desired topic of research amidst researchers mainly because of its flexibility and independent nature of network infrastructures. MANET's unique characteristics, like the dynamic behaviour related to network topology, limited bandwidth and battery resources, make routing a challenging task. Currently, several efficient routing protocols based on topology and geographical information have been proposed for MANET. However, most of them assume a trusted and cooperative oriented environment. With the influence of adversaries, the MANET routing protocols are vulnerable to various kinds of attacks. Recently, several research efforts have been made to counter these adversarial activities. This survey investigates the latest and on demand security concerns in MANET. This paper comprehensively discusses the existing attacks in the network layer, various categories of defense mechanisms in the literature, and their benefits and defects when applying to MANET. This paper also classifies the attacks and defense mechanisms based on the routing nature, such as topological and geographical. It also discusses intrusion detection systems as well as anonymous routing in MANETs. Finally, it discusses the challenges and future directions in routing security over the MANET environment.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption using Traffic Models for MANET Routing Protocols

2011 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Shivendu Dubey ◽  
Rajesh Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Traffic Models ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Constant Bit Rate ◽  
Manet Routing

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a network Topology without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. One of the main issues in MANET routing protocols is development of energy efficient protocols due to limited bandwidth and battery life. There are various such protocols developed and analyzed under Constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic by many authors. In the present communication the energy consumption in traffic models (CBR, Pareto and Exponential) is measured using routing protocols namely AODV, OLSR and AOMDV. Simulation and computation of energy consumed, received and transmitted energy were done with ns-2 simulator (2.34 version) with parameter variation: number of nodes, pause time, average speed and send rate.

scholarly journals A Survey on Detection of Byzantine and Resource Consumption Attacks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Resource Consumption ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Effective Network ◽  
Hoc Networks

In mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs), the primary need to achieve effective network communication among nodes is that the nodes should cooperate with each other. While in the presence of malicious nodes, this need might lead to the severe security concerns. Preventing MANET from such nodes has become an important and challenging security issue since most of the routing protocols are vulnerable to various types of attacks. In this paper we reviewed many research works which have focused on using either proactive or reactive defense mechanisms, intrusion detection systems, routing protocols to detect and prevent resource consumption and byzantine attacks.

scholarly journals Impact of Improved Chicken Swam Optimization Based A* algorithm In MANETs Routing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2178-2186
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
A Algorithm ◽  
Manet Routing ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Consistent Performance ◽  
Chicken Swarm Optimization

Wireless devices utilization had increased drastically, which has shown an impact on over-all demand and utilization Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET). Routing protocol is the fundamental and vital performance factor in the Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). The routing protocols in MANET are accomplished to handle a lot number of nodes with restricted resources. Multiple routing protocols exist in MANETs. Once of the main challenges in routing protocols is its generation of adverse influence on network performance. Accordingly, this paper plans to implement an obstacle-ware MANET routing model using improved meta-heuristic-based A* algorithm. The algorithm efficiently plots a path between multiple nodes avoiding obstacles, or points, on the graph that results in producing a shortest path without any obstacles. The improved meta-heuristic algorithm termed as Fitness and Position Ratiobased Chicken Swarm Optimization (FPR-CSO) is used to improvise the A* algorithm. The comparative analysis of different optimized A* over Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) confirms the consistent performance of the proposed model

Intrusion Finding Techniques for Collaboration of Node in Mobile ad hoc network (MANET)

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1and2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoshiyar Singh Kanyal ◽  
Prof. (Dr.) S. Rahamatkar ◽  
Dr. B. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Secure Protocol ◽  
Misbehaving Nodes ◽  
Manet Routing ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Since there is no infrastructure in mobile ad hoc networks, each node must rely on other nodes for cooperation in routing and forwarding packets to the destination. Intermediate nodes might agree to forward the packets but actually drop or modify them because they are misbehaving. The simulations in show that only a few misbehaving nodes can degrade the performance of the entire system. There are several proposed techniques and protocols to detect such misbehavior in order to avoid those nodes, and some schemes also propose punishment as well. It is very difficult to design once-for-all intrusion detection techniques. Instead, an incremental enhancement strategy may be more feasible. A secure protocol should at least include mechanisms against known attack types. In addition, it should provide a scheme to easily add new security features in the future. Due to the importance of MANET routing protocols, we focus on the detection of attacks targeted at MANET routing protocols This include WatchDog and Pathrater approach. A watchdog identifies the misbehaving nodes by eavesdropping on the transmission of the next hop. A path rater then helps to find the routes that do not contain those nodes. In DSR, the routing information is defined at the source node. This routing information is passed together with the message through intermediate nodes until it reaches the destination.

Performance Evaluation of Topology based Routing Protocols in a VANET Highway Scenario

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barakat Pravin Maratha ◽  
Tarek R. Sheltami ◽  
Elhadi M. Shakshuki
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Highway Design ◽  
Packet Collision ◽  
Manet Routing ◽  
Application Requirements

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) has been derived from the well-established Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). It facilitates wireless communication among vehicles to roadside equipment. Such kind of communication is utilized for different purposes such as safety, comfort, or even entertainment. The performance of VANET applications are highly determined by its underlying routing protocols. In this paper, the authors investigate the performance of topology based MANET routing protocols (AODV, DSDV and DSR) in a VANET highway design using NCTUNS 6.0 simulator. Different parameters are varied including speed, node density, propagation loss model, fading effects, data rate and payload. The selected routing protocols are then evaluated in terms of performance metrics throughput, packet drop and packet collision. Results shows that the performance of routing protocols depends on the application requirements in terms of throughput, delay and percentage of packet drops.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach to Comparative Analysis of Legacy and Nature Inspired Ant Colony Optimization based Routing Protocol in MANET

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Ahmed Alameri
Keyword(s):  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Manet Routing ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Performance, scalability, Quality of Service (QoS), users’ response, etc. of any network depends upon the efficient network design and communication technologies being exploited. Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have become widespread due to their zero-configuration requirements, scalability, maintenance and adaptable nature to cater varying requirements. The core process of any network is routing which is performed by routing protocols. Routing protocols play a crucial role to enhance and improve the performance indicators of any network. Traditional MANET routing protocols have been failed to address growing demands of wireless mobile ad hoc network. In this paper we study and compare a nature inspired Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm with legacy of MANET protocols. Simulation results show that ACO algorithm has high potential to be used in large scale MANET or other wireless networks. We compared ACO with proactive and reactive routing protocols because despite of their weaknesses these types of protocols are still being used in different and same wireless arrangements.

scholarly journals Performance Reasoning of MANET Routing Protocols Varying Node Density

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Geographic Routing ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Node Density ◽  
Hybrid Routing ◽  
Wireless Nodes ◽  
Manet Routing ◽  
Hybrid Routing Protocols

The abbreviation of MANET stands for Mobile Ad hoc NETwork. Nodes in the network can organized and configured by themselves without any kind of permanent infrastructures. All of these extreme features make MANET to be used widely in this contemporary time. In MANET nodes can communicate to each other neither the need of any kind of pre-existing infrastructure like base stations and routers nor any centralized control. Each node be involved in the network can perform both as host along with router. Wireless nodes have the capability of moving freely all over the network at any time. Thus the network topology may reconstruct very quickly over time. This makes the network unreliable and a lot of challenges to the routing of the packets. Routing protocols are used to communicate wireless nodes each other. An efficient protocol will make MANETs reliable. There are three distinct types of MANET routing protocols namely as proactive, reactive routing along with hybrid routing protocols. In these experimentations we have examined all of these categories of routing protocols. We have evaluated Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) as reactive, Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) as proactive, and Geographic Routing Protocol (GRP) as hybrid routing protocols. We have used HTTP traffic over the network designed. OPNET Modeler simulation tool is used to model and simulate the result. In design of the mobility model we have chosen the random waypoint. We have examined delay, network load and throughput of the network varying number of nodes. All of these performance -metrics have considered under light browsing. The comprehensive results show that OLSR has the superior performance for different node density.

scholarly journals Energy Bio-Inspired For Manet

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5580-5585
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Mobile Hosts ◽  
Manet Routing ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile hosts forming a temporary network without the aid of any stand-alone infrastructure or centralized administration. Due to the mobility of the nodes in the network, these nodes are self-organizing and self-configuring. Not only they act as hosts, but also, they function as routers. In MANETs, routing protocols are necessary to find specific paths between the source and the destination. The primary goal of any ad-hoc network routing protocol is to meet the challenges of the dynamically changing topology. Therefore, an efficient route between any two nodes with minimum routing overhead and bandwidth consumption should be established. The design of these routing protocols is challenging due to the mobility and the dynamic nature of the mobile ad-hoc networks. MANET routing protocols are categorized into two types: proactive and reactive. In this paper, the MANET characteristics and challenges are highlighted. Moreover, a comparison is conducted between three protocols: namely, DSDV, DSR and AODV in terms of both properties and performance.

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