Simultaneous Effect of Ultrasonic and Chemical Treatment on the Extraction of Nanocellulose From Sugarcane Bagasse

The focus of this study was the simultaneous effect of ultrasonic and chemical treatment on the extraction of nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse. Ultrasonic waves can accelerate the dispersion process of nanocellulose particles so that extraction runs faster and is environmentally friendly. The bagasse was treated by chemical treatment with ultrasonic waves, and then the nanocellulose was prepared using acid hydrolysis with ultrasonic waves. The effect of ultrasonication was investigated. The crystallinity of sugarcane bagasse, cellulose, and nanocellulose was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Based on the diffractogram, there was an increase in the crystallinity of nanocellulose. The chemical composition of extracted cellulose and nanocellulose was analyzed by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. The results of the analysis showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed from the bagasse during the extraction process. The analysis results also showed that the breaking of intramolecular hydrogen and glycosidic bonds occurred during the hydrolysis process. The morphology of bagasse, cellulose, and nanocellulose was analyzed by Scanning electron microscopy. While the particle size of nanocellulose was analyzed by the Particle Size Analysis instrument. The average size of nanocellulose particles was 132.67 nm.

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Preparation of Nano-TiO2 in Inverse Micro-Emulsion System with Compound Surfactant

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.412.25 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 412 ◽

pp. 25-31

Author(s):

Wen Yuan Gao ◽

Xing Xin Jia ◽

Mei Hong Niu ◽

Nai Ling Tang ◽

Zhi Qiang Hu

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Size Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Surface Active Agents ◽

Micro Emulsion ◽

Emulsion Process ◽

Surface Active ◽

Average Size

The nanosized TiO2 is prepared by micro-emulsion process in the system of cyclohexane / [Span80 combined with OP-10] / water with TiCl4 as raw material. The selection method of the surface-active agents was investigated and the influence of amount of surfactant, water / oil ratio and concentration of reactants on the particle size were discussed in this work. The temperature schedule, crystal structure, particle size distribution and appearance of the nanocrystalline TiO2 were analyzed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser particle size analysis (LPSA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that: under these conditions of mixture of 8g Span80 and 2g OP-10 as the emulsifier, water / oil mass ratio of 1/4, TiCl4 concentration of 0.6mol / L and calcinations temperature of 510°C, nanoTiO2 powder with smaller particle size and better dispersion was prepared . And the average size of the product was 27.3nm.

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Synthesis and Microstructural Characterization of Cu2MnSnS4/Se4 Nano-Thermoelectric Material

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.f9066.038620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 3749-3755

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Ball Milling ◽

System Analysis ◽

Microstructural Analysis ◽

Microstructural Characterization ◽

High Energy ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Elemental Mapping ◽

Average Size

In the present study Cu2MnSnS4 /Se4 nanostructured material is synthesized using mechanical alloying. The elemental powders were alloyed in a high-energy ball mill under the following conditions: milling time 25 hours, ball-to-powder mass ratio (BPR) 10:1 and a rotation speed of 300 rpm. Detailed investigation of the microstructure of the synthesized alloy was carried out. The starting elemental powders size and morphology were characterized using Apreo field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEGSEM). Elemental mapping of the synthesized alloy was characterized using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) attached to FEGSEM system. Analysis of microstructure was performed using EDAX-TEAM advanced software. A dynamic laser light scattering was used for particle size analysis. The results showed that Cu2MnSnS4 /Se4 nanostructured is successfully synthesized by ball milling. The Z-average size distribution of the particle reveals that ball milling results in a considerable refining in the particle size from 44 micron down to 923.5 nm. Further, it was observed that 94.4% showed an average size of 725.8±233 nm. Microstructural analysis confirmed the formation of a homogenous structure of Cu2MnSnS4 /Se4 alloy in the powder and green samples. The elemental mapping confirmed the formation of solid solution of the processed alloy with homogenous distribution of all elements in the examined region. Quantitative analysis performed by EDAX-TEAM software confirmed the chemical composition and homogeneity of the processed material.

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Nano Zinc Oxide Green-Synthesized from Plumbago auriculata Lam. Alcoholic Extract

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10112447 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2447

Author(s):

Mina Michael Melk ◽

Seham S. El-Hawary ◽

Farouk Rasmy Melek ◽

Dalia Saleh ◽

Omar M. Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Particle Size ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Subtype B ◽

Average Size

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized by using an alcoholic extract of the flowering aerial parts of Plumbago auriculata Lam. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) revealed that the average size of synthesized ZnO NPs was 10.58 ± 3.350 nm and the zeta potential was −19.6 mV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the particle size was in the range from 5.08 to 6.56 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis verified the existence of pure hexagonal shaped crystals of ZnO nanoparticles with an average size of 35.34 nm in the sample, which is similar to the particle size analysis acquired by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (38.29 ± 6.88 nm). HPLC analysis of the phenolic ingredients present in the plant extract showed that gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and catechin were found as major compounds at concentrations of 1720.26, 1600.42, and 840.20 µg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of ZnO NPs and the plant extract against avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) subtype B were also investigated. This assessment revealed that the uncalcinated form of Nano-ZnO mediated by P. auriculata Lam. extract possessed a significant antiviral activity with 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) and 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 52.48 ± 1.57 and 42.67 ± 4.08 µg/mL, respectively, while the inhibition percentage (IP) was 99% and the selectivity index (SI) was 1.23.

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Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption improvement of Bayah Natural Zeolite

Asian Journal of Applied Sciences ◽

10.24203/ajas.v7i2.5765 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Agus Bayu Prasetyo ◽

Bambang Soegijono

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Natural Zeolite ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Ultrasonic Waves ◽

Size Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Modified Zeolite ◽

Chloride Hexahydrate ◽

Adsorption Desorption

Hydrogen sulfide adsorption performance of sonicated natural zeolite in the Ferric chloride hexahydrate solution has been studied.Â In this research natural zeolite exposed with high intensity ultrasonic waves for 40 minutes, 80 minutes and 120 minutes. Qualitative analysis and characterization of modified zeolite carry out with X-ray diffraction, Infrared spectroscopy, BET adsorption desorption, LAS particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy prior and after H2S adsorption.Â Natural zeolite phase are clipnotilolite and mordenite phase with 0.99%wt and 0.512 x 10-3 %wt respectively.Â By adding 5gr FeCl3.6H2O and ultrasonic exposure, zeolite chemical and physical properties such as chemical composition, particle size, surface area and pore radius are improved.Â Hydrogen sulfide %wt adsorption effectiveness showing that modified zeolite higher 70-117% comparing with unmodified zeolite.

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