Electrolysis method to determine the amount of silver in occlusal and periapical films

Introduction: In diagnosing a disease in certain cases, the dentist also requires additional examinations such as radiographic examination. Many types of radiographs can help dentists in making diagnoses according to their indications, both intra-oral and extra-oral. The conventional X-ray photo technique requires a fixer solution as one of the stages in performing a process that serves to dissolve and inhibit the development of silver halide crystals in the emulsion process. Fixer solutions contain four components dissolved in water, namely the clearing agent, acidifier, preservative and hardener. The aim of the study was to determine the amount of silver contained in the fixer solution after fixing the occlusal film and periapical film using the electrolysis method. Method: was a laboratory experimental study, with a post-test study design. Results: showed that the occlusal film dissolved 6.0 grams while the periapical film dissolved 0.6 grams of silver in the fixer solution. Based on the results of the independent t test, p = 0,000 <0,05 was obtained. Conclusion: of the study was that there was a significant difference in the amount of silver from the fixer after fixing the occlusal film and periapical film using the electrolysis method.

Theoretical matters of self-organization and their practical implementation in jet-emulsion process. Part 2. Possible variants of industrial implementation of jet-emulsion metallurgical process and new technological schemes on its base

At the large-scale test facility, manufactured at West-Siberian iron and steel plant from 1992 till 2001 40 series of experiments were accomplished, which enabled to confirm trueness of theoretical and designing solutions of jet-emulsion metallurgical process (JER) and to perfect the design of the facility. Several new low-energy intensive technologies were tested experimentally, including a technology of direct reducing of powdered ores and wastes (sludges, oiled scale) without agglomeration, a technology of obtaining manganese alloys from poor powdered ores, a technology division of titanium-magnetite concentrates into iron and conditional titaniferous slag, and a technology of metal direct reduction with simultaneous production of synthesis-gas. It was shown, that application of JER process is particularly effective for processing of poor powdered ores, as well as powdered iron-containing and coal wastes, by direct reduction in one stage without agglomeration. Possible variants of diversification of technological schemes of production considered for integrated steel plants and machine-building plants, creation of mini-mills of complete cycle (ore‒steel). An example of a layout solution for a technology based on JER process in existing building presented. The level of the development enables to design and together with a machine-building plant to construct on “turn-key” base a pilot facility of industrial scale. The advantages of the process mentioned above enable to get a quick pay-back, particularly for situation of processing of powdered wastes and ores.

Formation and Characterization of mini-emulsion P3HT PCBM Nanoparticles

This report presents the synthesis of nanoparticulate suspensions of P3HT:PCBM for organic photovoltaic active layer through a mini-emulsion process with the used of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as the surfactant. A series of characterization for the nanoparticles using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, (UV-VIS), Photolumination (PL), Transmission, Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) also demonstrated. The P3HT/PCBM nanoparticle performances are comparable to P3HT/PCBM solution in chloroform and met the requirement for use in organic Photovoltaic fabrication

Incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles in polymeric matrices as UV protector

At present there is great interest in the development of new nanomaterials that can be applied in different areas of study such as chemistry, physics, medicine, among others. In many polymeric materials, especially when used in coatings exposed to sunlight, they cause photolysis and photooxidation reactions, leading to the degradation of their physical-mechanical, optical and other properties. Therefore, the need to look for new materials capable of resisting radiation for prolonged periods, while retaining its original characteristics, such as hue and brightness, is imperative. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have attracted great interest in this aspect as they are used in most commercial sunscreens that use inorganic pigments, for their ability to adsorb ultraviolet rays. In the present work, the incorporation of the Np-ZnO in situ during the polymerization by the emulsion process of butyl acrylate was carried out. ZnO nanoparticles are incorporated into butyl polyacrylate in different concentrations of 0.3%, 0.5%, and 1% W, in which it is observed that at 1% there is greater agglomeration and in the others it does not affect the morphology of our polymer.

Use of Multi-Hollow Polyester Particles as Opacifying Agent for Injection-Molded Polyethylene

Titanium dioxide is considered the most efficient white pigment for opacification of thermoplastics. However, its high cost, combined with strong price oscillations due to production bottlenecks, has been driving the industry towards alternatives that might allow reducing the titanium dioxide content, while maintaining the product’s opacity. A strategy commonly used in waterborne paints consists in adding hollow polymer particles to the formulation, therefore achieving opacification due to light refraction at the air/polymer interface. In the current work, we show preliminary results that indicate that a similar strategy can be followed for thermoplastics opacification, as long as thermoset particles are used, in order to ensure preservation of the hollow geometry during melt-processing. Multi-vesiculated crosslinked styrene–polyester particles, produced by a single-step double emulsion process, are used. Evidence of synergic interaction between the multi-hollow particles and titanium dioxide has been found.