scholarly journals The Tokyo Tribunal: Precedent for Victor’s Justice II

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 285-300
Author(s):  
Professor Bishnu Pathak
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Retributive Justice ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
World War ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Douglas Macarthur ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mass Killings

Besides, previous publication of Nuremberg Tribunal: A Precedent for Victor’s Justice (2020), the study is named as The Tokyo Tribunal: Precedent for Victor’s Justice II. The bombings at Hiroshima and Nagasaki were heinous crimes against humankind that caused physical, material, socio-cultural, and emotional losses. The bombings violated humanitarian law. This paper aims to find out the situations of the investigation, prosecution and punishment, and analyse the preference for justice: victor’s justice or victim’s justice. During World War II, anti-communist Emperor Hirohito actively led Japan decorated by the Army’s uniform but pretended to be a ceremonial Emperor making scapegoats to his opponents. Former Prime Ministers Konoe and Tojo were conspiratorially assassinated. Hirohito bribed callous US Army General Douglas MacArthur. MacArthur ordered to gather testimonies to prove Hirohito as innocent. The Tokyo Tribunal was biased since it did not speak a word against the indiscriminate bombings and mass killings in Chinese cities, among others. The Tribunal had a pseudo justice body, highly influenced by the US military and retributive justice doctrines. Judges were appointed from each allied victor excluding from Japan. Five of the 11 Judges submitted separate opinions on their judgment. Justice had been elusive for the innocent, weak, and poor victims. Most crimes committed went unpunished. The Tribunal ironically ensured the victor’s justice, further limiting the victim’s justice. Thus, the Tribunal appeared as a sword in a judge's toupee.

The Significance of Baseball Games Between South Korean Teams and US Army Teams Shortly After World War II

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-192
Author(s):  
Moongi Cho
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Military Government ◽  
World War ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Korean People ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
War Mobilization ◽  
Independent Country

Baseball was introduced to Korea in 1905 by Philip Gillette, a YMCA-affiliated American missionary. The sport spread to schools through games played against the YMCA team. However, baseball games were banned until the end of World War II due to the Baseball Control Proposal, enacted in 1932, and the war mobilization effort due to the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937. Immediately following the end of World War II, baseball was restored in Korea along with the desire of the Korean people to establish an independent country. The US Military Government tried to propagate the idea that their governing system was based on “liberty,” unlike the empire of Japan, by hosting cultural projects such as the “Jomi Baseball Game”. From this perspective, cultural forms, such as a baseball, were inseparably linked to the political strategy of the US Military Government during the outset of the Cold War, which led to the establishment of a liberal democratic independent country.

Science with a Vengeance: How the US Military Created the US Space Sciences after World War II

Physics Today ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 77-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. DeVorkin ◽  
Bruce Hevly
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Space Sciences

“This Land Remains German”: Requisitioning, Society, and the US Army, 1945–1956

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 476-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R. Seipp
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Korean War ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Us Army ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article examines debates over the requisitioning of real estate by the US Army during the decade after the end of World War II. Requisitioning quickly emerged as one of the most contentious issues in the relationship between German civilians and the American occupation. American policy changed several times as the physical presence of the occupiers shrank during the postwar period then expanded again after the outbreak of the Korean War. I show that requisitioning became a key site of contestation during the early years of the Federal Republic. The right to assert authority over real property served as a visible reminder of the persistent limits of German sovereignty. By pushing back against American requisitioning policy, Germans articulated an increasingly assertive claim to sovereign rights.

Edward M. Almond and the US Army

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
World War ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Greatest Generation ◽  
Virginia Military Institute ◽  
The Us ◽  
Military Institute ◽  
The Military

This biography examines the long career of Lt. Gen. Edward M. Almond, who was born to a family of modest means in rural Virginia. His early education at the Virginia Military Institute, steeped him in Confederate lore and nurtured his “can do” attitude, natural aggressiveness, demanding personality and sometimes self-serving nature. These qualities later earned him the sobriquet “Sic’em, Ned,” which stuck with him for the remainder of his career. Almond commanded the African-American 92nd Infantry Division during World War II. The division failed in combat and was re-organized, after which it contained one white, one black, and the Army’s only Japanese-American (Nisei) regiment. The years since that war have seen the glorification of the “Greatest Generation,” with all racist notions and ideas “whitewashed” with a veneer of honor. When war came to Korea, Almond commanded X Corps in the Inchon invasion, liberation of Seoul, race to the Yalu. When the Chinese entered the war and sent the US Army into retreat, Almond mounted one of the largest evacuations in history at Hungnam -- but not before the disaster at Chosin claimed the lives of hundreds of soldiers and marines. This book reveals Almond as a man who stubbornly held onto bigoted attitudes about race, but also exhibited an unfaltering commitment to the military profession. Often viewed as the “Army’s racist,” Almond reflected the attitudes of the Army and society. This book places Almond in a broader context and presents a more complete picture of this flawed man yet gifted officer.

scholarly journals The Mark A. Freeman collection of World War II photographs at George Eastman House

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa C Hennessey
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Annotated Bibliography ◽  
World War ◽  
Us Army ◽  
The Us ◽  
Signal Corps ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
Study Center

This thesis project is based on a collection of approximately 3000 World War II photographs, negatives, and supporting artefacts, which were donated to George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film (GEH) in 2007. The material was made and collected by Lieutenant Mark Anthony Freeman (1912-2005), a combat photographer for the US Army Signal Corps. The objectives for this project included organizing the collection and accessioning in into GEH's permanent collection as well as conducting preliminary research into Freeman and the Signal Corps in order to provide future researchers and user of the collection with an understanding of its context and scope. The thesis is divided into two parts, an analytical paper and a finding aid. The analytical paper includes a discussion of the decisions made while organizing, inventorying, accessioning, and re-housing the donation. The finding aid comprises a biography of Mark Anthony Freeman, an overview of the US Army Signal Corps with particular emphasis on the Army Pictorial Service, a map that traces the WWII route Mark Freeman, an inventory of the donation, and an annotated bibliography of relevant resources. The finding aid is conceived as a self-contained document that would be available to researchers in the Study Center at GEH.

Prologue

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Andrew Marble
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
First Time

Set in April 1945, Pappenheim, Germany, in the closing days of World War II, the prologue tells the dramatic tale of the first time John Shalikashvili—then a young penniless, stateless war refugee—first laid eyes on the US military, his first ever meeting with any Americans. It both introduces the theme of the importance his European past plays in his life and sets the low point of his against-the-odds success story.

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