scholarly journals The future of organic farming – reflections on the new legislation

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Leśkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Control System ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Positive View ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
The Subject ◽  
European Union Member States

The purpose of the considerations is, taking into account the scope of derogations from the requirements of organic production and the competence of certifying authorities, to answer the question whether in comparison to Regulation No 834/2007, new Regulation No 2018/848 serves to ensure the quality of organic products. The authoress takes a positive view on limiting possible exemptions from the requirements of organic production to natural disasters and linking them to the provisions on rural development. At the same time she expresses a negative opinion on the possibility of seeking exemption from the requirement to obtain certificates. In relation to the competences of the certifying authorities, the new Regulation retains a greater terminological precision in determining the subject of control and certification and defines more precisely the criteria for delegating tasks in the organic farming control system to institutions. This issue, however, needs to be detailed in the legislations of European Union Member States.

scholarly journals Quality of Life Indicators in Selected European Countries: Hierarchical Cluster Analysis Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berislav Žmuk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
European Union ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Union Member States

Abstract The average expected duration of human life is rising because of different reasons. On the other hand, not only the duration, but the quality of life level is important, too. The higher the quality of life level, the citizens’ happiness and satisfaction levels are higher, which has positive impact on the development and operating of an economy. The goal of this paper is to identify groups of European countries, using statistical hierarchical cluster analysis, by using the quality of life indicators, and to recognise differences in quality of life levels. The quality of life is measured by using seven different indicators. The conducted statistical hierarchical cluster analysis is based on the Ward’s clustering method, and squared Euclidean distances. The results of conducted statistical hierarchical cluster analysis enabled recognizing of three different groups of European countries: old European Union member states, new European Union members, and non-European Union member states. The analysis has revealed that the old European Union member states seem to have in average higher quality of life level than the new European Union member states. Furthermore, the European Union member states have in average higher quality of live level than non-European Union members do. The results indicate that quality of life levels and economic development levels are connected.

scholarly journals Органічне землеробство як фактор євроінтеграції України

2013 ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
О. Б. Кузьменко
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Обґрунтовано необхідність розвитку органічного землеробства в Україні як умови зростання експо-рту аграрної продукції в Європейський Союз, що одночасно забезпечує збереження і відтворення якісних характеристик земельних ресурсів. Дове-дено, що тенденції попиту на органічну продукцію в Європейському Союзі та наявні якісні й екологіч-но чисті земельні ресурси в Україні створюють передумови для активізації органічного виробниц-тва і відповідного експорту. Визначено проблеми, що стримують впровадження даної системи землеробства, та пропозиції щодо їх розв’язання. The necessity of the development of organic farming in Ukraine, as a condition of growth of exports of agricultural products to the European Union was grounded. That at the same time ensures the preservation and reproduction of the qualitative characteristics of land resources. It is proved that the trend of demand for organic products in the European Union and the available high-quality and environmentally friendly land resources in Ukraine create the preconditions for enhancing organic production and corresponding exports. The problems hindering the implementation of the farming system and proposals for their solution were defined.

Ranking of European Union Member States Based on the Level of Knowledge Created by the Research and Development Sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Krystyna Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Ranking Methods ◽  
Member States ◽  
Management Paradigms ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
European Union Member States

The contemporary era is characterized by revolutionary changes in the economy, technological progress, social and political life. Globalization exerts pressure on businesses and entire economies to increase their competitive strength which is defined as the ability to create knowledge. Knowledge creation and management became the new management paradigms. The responsibility for knowledge creation rests mainly upon the research and development sector. The aim of this study was to rank European Union Member States based on the level of knowledge created by their respective research and development sectors and to identify knowledge creation leaders. The analysis relied on EUROSTAT data for 2007-2011 and linear ranking methods with a reference standard. Our results indicate that Western European and Scandinavian countries are the leaders in the area of knowledge creation.

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