scholarly journals Prenatal over‐ and undernutrition differentially program small intestinal growth, angiogenesis, absorptive capacity, and endocrine function in sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhat Khanal ◽  
Anne Marie D. Axel ◽  
Sina Safayi ◽  
Vibeke S. Elbrønd ◽  
Mette O. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Intestinal Growth ◽  
Small Intestinal

Intestinal growth is associated with elevated levels of glucagon-like peptide 2 in diabetic rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (4) ◽  
pp. E815-E820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk D. Fischer ◽  
Savita Dhanvantari ◽  
Daniel J. Drucker ◽  
Patricia L. Brubaker
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Intestinal Growth ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intestinal Weight

Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) has recently been identified as a novel intestinal growth factor. Because experimental diabetes is associated with bowel growth, we examined the relationship between GLP-2 and intestinal growth in rats made diabetic by streptozotocin (STZ) injection and treated with or without insulin for 3 wk. Ileal concentrations of the intestinal proglucagon-derived peptides, i.e., glicentin + oxyntomodulin, and GLPs 1 and 2, were increased by 57 ± 20% above those of controls in untreated STZ diabetes ( P < 0.05–0.001). Similar increases in plasma concentrations of glicentin + oxyntomodulin (77 ± 15% above controls, P < 0.01) and GLP-2 (91 ± 32% above controls, P < 0.05) were seen in untreated STZ diabetes. Both wet and dry small intestinal weight increased by 74 ± 20% above controls ( P < 0.01) in STZ diabetes, and macromolecular analysis indicated parallel increases in both protein ( P < 0.001) and lipid ( P < 0.05) content. Villus height ( P < 0.001) and crypt depth ( P < 0.01) were also increased in untreated diabetic rat intestine. Insulin therapy prevented the changes in plasma GLP-2 and intestinal mass seen in untreated STZ diabetes. Thus STZ diabetes is associated with both increased production of GLP-2 and enhanced bowel weight, thereby suggesting a role for GLP-2 in diabetes-associated bowel growth.

Intra-Individual Variation in Serum AZT Concentration is Not Related to Intestinal Absorption or Small Intestinal Inflammatory Changes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Subjects

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Sherwood ◽  
JT Marsden ◽  
CA Stein ◽  
S Somasundaram ◽  
C Aitken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

3′-Azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT; zidovudine) either alone or in combination with didanosine or another nucleoside analogue is the first-line treatment for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, many of whom have concurrent gastrointestinal (GI) disease. This study assessed whether the absorption of AZT was affected by GI disease. The absorption and pharmacokinetics of AZT in 23 HIV-infected individuals was measured after a single dose of AZT and was related in 12 patients to small intestinal function. Levels of AZT and its metabolite 5′-glucopyranuronosylthymidine (G-AZT) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Intestinal permeability was assessed by differential urinary excretion of orally administered lactulose/1-rhamnose; absorptive capacity was measured simultaneously by the urinary excretion of 3-o-methyl-D-glucose, d-xylose and 1-rhamnose. Small intestinal inflammation was assessed by faecal excretion of indium-labelled neutrophils. Peak levels of AZT in serum varied between 170 and 1820 ng mL−1. The metabolite G-AZT was present in serum at peak concentrations varying from 1020 to 9930 ng mL−1. There was up to a sevenfold variation in the area under the curve (AUC). The time to maximum serum concentration for AZT was between 30 and 120 min, with an absorption half-life of between 2 and 38 min. The median elimination half-life was 57 min (range 46–72 min), close to the predicted half-life of 60 min. Intestinal permeability was increased in six of the 12 subjects studied and eight had evidence of reduced absorptive capacity. Ten of the 12 patients had evidence of small intestinal inflammation. We concluded that neither changes in permeability nor absorptive capacity influenced the absorption of AZT. There was no relationship between the presence of intestinal inflammation and AZT absorption. This study showed a significant intra-individual variation of serum AZT levels which cannot be explained on the basis of altered intestinal absorptive capacity or intestinal inflammatory changes.

scholarly journals Dietary Plasma Protein Reduces Small Intestinal Growth and Lamina Propria Cell Density in Early Weaned Pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhong Jiang ◽  
Xiaoyan Chang ◽  
Barbara Stoll ◽  
Ming Z. Fan ◽  
John Arthington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Growth ◽  
Small Intestinal

Orally administered IGF-I increases intestinal mucosal growth in formula-fed neonatal pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (5) ◽  
pp. R1085-R1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Burrin ◽  
T. J. Wester ◽  
T. A. Davis ◽  
S. Amick ◽  
J. P. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Recombinant Human Insulin ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Intestinal Growth ◽  
Neonatal Pigs ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Mucosal Growth

Our objective was to determine the potentially anabolic effects of orally administered recombinant human insulin-link growth factor I (rhIGF-I)on small intestinal growth in formula-fed neonatal pigs. Unsuckled neonatal pigs received formula or formula containing added rhIGF-I (3.5 mg.kg-1.day-1) from birth to 4 days of age. Pigs in both groups were fed 30 ml/kg formula every 2 h on day 1 and then every 4 h on days 2-4, and blood was sampled daily. Oral administration of rhIGF-I to formula-fed neonatal pigs increased small intestinal weight, protein, and DNA content,but not length. Jejunal and ileal villus height, but not crypt depth or muscularis thickness, also were increased by oral rhIGF-I administration. Neither the circulating concentration of IGF-I nor the IGF-binding proteins differed between control and oral rhIGF-treated pigs, suggesting that the absorption of orally administered rhIGF-I from the intestinal lumen into the peripheral circulation was limited. Our results demonstrate that oral administration of rhIGF-I during the first 4 days after birth significantly increased small intestinal mucosal growth in formula-fed neonatal pigs. These results suggest that oral administration of rhIGF-I may be a viable therapeutic approach to enhance intestinal growth in neonates.

scholarly journals DELINEATION OF AN INSULIN-SENSITIVE-PERIOD DURING RAT SMALL INTESTINAL GROWTH

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-529
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Buts
Keyword(s):  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Intestinal Growth ◽  
Small Intestinal

Small intestinal growth caused by feeding red kidney bean phytohemagglutinin lectin to rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1669-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Banwell ◽  
Richard Howard ◽  
Iqbal Kabir ◽  
Thomas E. Adrian ◽  
Robert H. Diamond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Intestinal Growth ◽  
Red Kidney Bean ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals The effect of trypsin inhibitor on the pancreas and small intestine of mice

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Ge ◽  
R. G. H. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Intestinal Growth ◽  
Pancreatic Growth ◽  
Bovine Trypsin ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Mucosal Layer ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Intestinal Weight

Pancreatic and intestinal growth rates were measured in mice fed on raw soya-bean flour (RSF) for up to 24 weeks. Control animals were fed on standard chow. The effects of RSF on the mouse pancreas resembled that seen in rats, showing hypertrophy with some hyperplasia. A marked increase in small intestinal weight was also found in mice fed on RSF but not in rats fed on this diet. Histological studies showed an increase in both villous and crypt thicknesses in the small intestine from these mice, and DNA, RNA and protein measurements indicated that the increase in intestinal weight was due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the mucosal layer. To determine whether the intestinal growth in mice fed on RSF was purely a response to the trypsin inhibitor (TI) component of the diet, pancreatic and intestinal growth rates were also determined in mice fed on the synthetic trypsin inhibitor camostate, at levels of 0·5 or 2 g/kg in rat chow, for periods of 1–8 weeks. Control animals were fed on standard chow. RSF and 0·5 g camostate/kg had similar trypsin inhibitor activities (measured against bovine trypsin), and both caused similar increases in pancreatic weight, DNA, RNA and protein content. However, 0·5 g camostate/kg did not affect small intestinal weight. Chow containing 2 g camostate/kg contained twice as much TI activity as the RSF diet but produced only a small increase in small intestinal weight at 2 and 8 weeks. This intestinal growth was significantly less than that seen with RSF. The present study shows that, in the mouse, RSF or a diet containing camostate in the appropriate dose produces pancreatic growth comparable to that seen in the rat. RSF also causes intestinal growth, but camostate-containing diets have little or no effect on the growth of the intestine.

scholarly journals Effects of different starch source of starter on small intestinal growth and endogenous GLP-2 secretion in preweaned lambs1

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daming Sun ◽  
Hongwei Li ◽  
Shengyong Mao ◽  
Weiyun Zhu ◽  
Junhua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Growth ◽  
Small Intestinal

Effect of Age, Weaning and Postweaning Diet on Small Intestinal Growth and Jejunal Morphology in Young Swine

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 574 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Cera ◽  
D. C. Mahan ◽  
R. F. Cross ◽  
G. A. Reinhart ◽  
R. E. Whitmoyer
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Growth ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Effect Of Age
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