scholarly journals Depot and sex‐specific implications for adipose tissue expandability and functional traits in adulthood of late prenatal and early postnatal malnutrition in a precocial sheep model

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmila Ahmad ◽  
Lise Kirstine Lyngman ◽  
Morteza Mansouryar ◽  
Rajan Dhakal ◽  
Jørgen Steen Agerholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Adipose Tissue Expandability

scholarly journals Polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) regulates adipocyte differentiation and determines adipose tissue expandability

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 3769-3779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Perez‐Diaz ◽  
Lance A. Johnson ◽  
Robert M. DeKroon ◽  
Jose M. Moreno‐Navarrete ◽  
Oscar Alzate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Release Factor ◽  
Polymerase I ◽  
Adipose Tissue Expandability

scholarly journals MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Skeletal muscle lipotoxicity in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: a causal mechanism or an innocent bystander?

2017 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. R67-R78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Brøns ◽  
Louise Groth Grunnet
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adipose Tissue Expandability

Dysfunctional adipose tissue is associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). One characteristic of a dysfunctional adipose tissue is the reduced expandability of the subcutaneous adipose tissue leading to ectopic storage of fat in organs and/or tissues involved in the pathogenesis of T2D that can cause lipotoxicity. Accumulation of lipids in the skeletal muscle is associated with insulin resistance, but the majority of previous studies do not prove any causality. Most studies agree that it is not the intramuscular lipids per se that causes insulin resistance, but rather lipid intermediates such as diacylglycerols, fatty acyl-CoAs and ceramides and that it is the localization, composition and turnover of these intermediates that play an important role in the development of insulin resistance and T2D. Adipose tissue is a more active tissue than previously thought, and future research should thus aim at examining the exact role of lipid composition, cellular localization and the dynamics of lipid turnover on the development of insulin resistance. In addition, ectopic storage of fat has differential impact on various organs in different phenotypes at risk of developing T2D; thus, understanding how adipogenesis is regulated, the interference with metabolic outcomes and what determines the capacity of adipose tissue expandability in distinct population groups is necessary. This study is a review of the current literature on the adipose tissue expandability hypothesis and how the following ectopic lipid accumulation as a consequence of a limited adipose tissue expandability may be associated with insulin resistance in muscle and liver.

scholarly journals Cytoskeletal transgelin 2 contributes to gender‐dependent adipose tissue expandability and immune function

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 9656-9671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Ortega ◽  
José M. Moreno‐Navarrete ◽  
Josep M. Mercader ◽  
María Gómez‐Serrano ◽  
Eva García‐Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Adipose Tissue Expandability

Sex differences during the course of diet-induced obesity in mice: adipose tissue expandability and glycemic control

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Medrikova ◽  
Z M Jilkova ◽  
K Bardova ◽  
P Janovska ◽  
M Rossmeisl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Obesity In Mice ◽  
Adipose Tissue Expandability

Abstract 17106: Transition From Adipose to Fibrotic Tissue in the Atrial Subepicardium in Humans and in a Sheep Model of Atrial Fibrillation

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Haemers ◽  
Hadhami Hamdi ◽  
Piet Claus ◽  
Patrick Farahmand ◽  
Patrick Bruneval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Sheep Model

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is recognized as potentially involved in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF). In addition to EAT fatty infiltration commonly observed in myocardium might be also associated with the substrate for AF. We conducted a histological study in 93 human right atrial samples obtained during cardiac surgery and in a sheep model of long-term persistent AF (PAF) induced by atrial tachypacing (24±8 weeks) (15 PAF, 11 SR). Upon Sirius Red and Harris Haematoxylin staining, human atria showed various degree of fatty infiltration starting from the epicardium (rarely from vessels), which could be associated with various degree of subepicardial fibrosis realizing in some cases a true fibro-fatty infiltration. The extent of remodeled epicardium was assessed as % of infiltrating and fibrotic epicardium±adipose tissue to total epicardial length; 44±26 % of the epicardium was remodeled. A multiple regression model (including history of AF, % adipose tissue, age, BodyMassIndex, coronary artery bypass, ejection fraction) significantly predicted the percentage of epicardial remodeling (R=0.501, p=0.003). Only AF and the % adipose tissue were significant predictors (respectively β=0.27;p=0.016 and β=-0.267;p=0.016). To further analyze the relationship between fibro-fatty infiltration and AF, a histological study was performed in LA specimen of a sheep PAF model which revealed 4 grades of subepicardial infiltrates from pure fatty to dense fibro-fatty infiltration (fig A). EAT infiltrates (316) were graded, demonstrating a shift towards more severe grades in the AF group p<0.0001) (fig B). Inflammatory cells were detected in 14 fatty infiltrations (grade 2 and 3) of 6 AF sheep (and only in 1 fatty infiltration of SR sheep). Conclusion: , AF is associated with the transformation of fat into fibro-fatty infiltrations suggesting that the subepicardial adipose tissue plays a role in the atrial fibrotic remodeling.

scholarly journals Adipocyte Glucocorticoid Receptor Deficiency Promotes Adipose Tissue Expandability and Improves the Metabolic Profile Under Corticosterone Exposure

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héloïse Dalle ◽  
Marie Garcia ◽  
Bénédicte Antoine ◽  
Vanessa Boehm ◽  
Thi Thu Huong Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Adipose Tissue Expandability

scholarly journals Impaired Adipose Tissue Expandability and Lipogenic Capacities as Ones of the Main Causes of Metabolic Disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Moreno-Indias ◽  
Francisco José Tinahones
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Adipose Tissue Expandability

Obesity is considered a major health problem. However, mechanisms involved and its comorbidities are not elucidated. Recent theories concerning the causes of obesity have focused on a limit to the functional capacity of adipose tissue, comparing it with other vital organs. This assumption has been the central point of interest in our laboratory. We proposed that the failure of adipose tissue is initiated by the difficulty of this tissue to increase its cellularity due to excess in fat contribution, owing to genetic or environmental factors. Nevertheless, why the adipose tissue reduces its capacity to make new adipocytes via mesenchymal cells of the stroma has not yet been elucidated. Thus, we suggest that this tissue ceases fulfilling its main function, the storage of excess fat, thereby affecting some of the key factors involved in lipogenesis, some of which are reviewed in this paper (PPARγ, ROR1, FASN, SCD1, Rab18, BrCa1, ZAG, and FABP4). On the other hand, mechanisms involved in adipose tissue expandability are also impaired, predominating hypertrophy via an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in adipogenesis and angiogenesis. However, adipose tissue failure is only part of this great orchestra, only a chapter of this nightmare.

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