Changes of motor cortical excitability and response inhibition in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Objective:Fronto-striatal dysfunction has been discussed as underlying symptoms of Tourette syndrome (TS) with co-morbid Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). This suggests possible impairments of executive functions in this disorder, which were therefore targeted in the present study.Results:A comprehensive series of neuropsychological tests examining attention, memory and executive functions was performed in a group of 14 TS/OCD in co-occurrence with OCD patients and a matched control group.Results:While attentional and memory mechanisms were not altered, TS/OCS patients showed deficits in executive functions predominately in the areas of response inhibition and action monitoring.Conclusions:These findings provide further evidence for a substantial impairment of the frontal-striatal-thalamic-frontal circuit. We propose that the deficits in monitoring, error detection and response inhibition constitute the major impairment of TS/OCD patients in the cognitive domain.

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Trans-diagnostic comparison of response inhibition in Tourette’s disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1080/15622975.2017.1347711 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 527-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Siyan Fan ◽

Danielle C. Cath ◽

Ysbrand D. van der Werf ◽

Stella de Wit ◽

Dick J. Veltman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Tourette’S Disorder ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Tourette's Disorder

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Visuomotor Activation of Inhibition-Processing in Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Magnetoencephalography Study

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.632736 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Eman Nishat ◽

Colleen Dockstader ◽

Anne L. Wheeler ◽

Thomas Tan ◽

John A. E. Anderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Task Performance ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Children And Youth ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Medication Effects ◽

Imaging Research ◽

Inhibition Performance

Background: Response inhibition engages the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit, which has been implicated in children, and youth with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). This study explored whether CSTC engagement during response inhibition, measured using magnetoencephalography (MEG), differed in a sample of medication-naïve youth with OCD, compared to typically developing controls (TDC).Methods: Data was analyzed in 17 medication-naïve children and youth with OCD (11.7 ± 2.2 SD years) and 13 TDC (12.6 ± 2.2 SD years). MEG was used to localize and characterize neural activity during a Go/No-Go task. Task performance on Go/No-Go conditions and regional differences in amplitude of activity during Go and No-Go condition between OCD vs. TDC were examined using two-sample t-tests. Post-hoc analysis with Bayesian t-tests was used to estimate the certainty of outcomes.Results: No differences in Go/No-Go performance were found between OCD and TDC groups. In response to the visual cue presented during the Go condition, participants with OCD showed significantly increased amplitude of activity in the primary motor (MI) cortex compared to TDC. In addition, significantly reduced amplitude of PCu was found following successful stopping to No-Go cues in OCD vs. TDC during No-Go task performance. Bayesian t-tests indicated high probability and large effect sizes for the differences in MI and PCu amplitude found between groups.Conclusion: Our preliminary study in a small medication-naïve sample extends previous work indicating intact response inhibition in pediatric OCD. While altered neural response in the current study was found during response inhibition performance in OCD, differences localized to regions outside of the CSTC. Our findings suggest that additional imaging research in medication-naïve samples is needed to clarify regional differences associated with OCD vs. influenced by medication effects, and suggest that MEG may be sensitive to detecting such differences.

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Investigation of response inhibition in obsessive-compulsive disorder using the Hayling task

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617705050927 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 11 (06) ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

MARTIAL VAN DER LINDEN ◽

GRAZIA CESCHI ◽

ARIANE ZERMATTEN ◽

DANIELA DUNKER ◽

ALAIN PERROUD

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder

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Spotlight on a mouse model of obsessive-compulsive disorder

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.040 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 28 (S2) ◽

pp. 17-17

Author(s):

E. Burguière

Keyword(s):

Basal Ganglia ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Mutant Mouse ◽

Repetitive Behavior ◽

Inhibitory Neurons ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Repetitive Behaviour ◽

Compulsive Disorder

It has been shown these last years that optogenetic tool, that uses a combination of optics and genetics technics to control neuronal activity with light on behaving animals, allows to establish causal relationship between brain activity and normal or pathological behaviors [3]. In combination with animal model of neuropsychiatric disorder, optogenetic could help to identify deficient circuitry in numerous pathologies by exploring functional connectivity, with a specificity never reached before, while observing behavioral and/or physiological correlates. To illustrate the promising potential of these tools for the understanding of psychiatric diseases, we will present our recent study where we used optogenetic to block abnormal repetitive behavior in a mutant mouse model of obsessive-compulsive disorder [1]. Using a delay-conditioning task we showed that these mutant mouse model had a deficit in response inhibition that lead to repetitive behaviour. With optogenetic, we could stimulate a specific circuitry in the brain that connect the orbitofrontal cortex with the basal ganglia; a circuitry that has been shown to be dysfunctional in compulsive behaviors. We observed that these optogenetic stimulations, through their effect on inhibitory neurons of the basal ganglia, could restore the behavioral response inhibition and alleviate the compulsive behavior. These findings raise promising potential for the design of targeted deep brain stimulation therapy for disorders involving excessive repetitive behavior and/or for the optimization of already existing stimulation protocol [2].

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Neural correlates of altered response inhibition and dysfunctional connectivity at rest in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.11.001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 340-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Do-Hyung Kang ◽

Joon Hwan Jang ◽

Ji Yeon Han ◽

Jae-Hun Kim ◽

Wi Hoon Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Altered Response

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Punishment promotes response control deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence from a motivational go/no-go task

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291712001018 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 391-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

S. Morein-Zamir ◽

M. Papmeyer ◽

C. M. Gillan ◽

M. J. Crockett ◽

N. A. Fineberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Response Style ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Response Control ◽

Commission Errors ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Axis I ◽

Reward And Punishment

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been associated with response inhibition deficits under motivationally neutral contingencies. We examined response inhibition performance in the presence of reward and punishment. We further investigated whether the hypothesized difficulties in flexibly updating behaviour based on external feedback in OCD would also lead to a reduced ability to adjust to changes in the reward and punishment contingencies.MethodParticipants completed a go/no-go task that used punishments or rewards to promote response activation or suppression. The task was administered to OCD patients free of current Axis-I co-morbidities including major depression (n = 20) and a group of healthy controls (n = 32).ResultsCompared with controls, patients with OCD had increased commission errors in punishment conditions, and failed to slow down immediately after receiving punishment. The punishment-induced increase in commission errors correlated with self-report measures of OCD symptom severity. Additionally, patients did not differ from controls in adapting their overall response style to the changes in task contingencies.ConclusionsIndividuals with OCD showed reduced response control selectively under punishment conditions, manifesting in an impulsive response style that was related to their current symptom severity. This stresses failures of cognitive control in OCD, particularly under negative motivational contingencies.

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