Villager readiness in rural tourism: a scale development using exploratory factor analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Arif Budy Pratama ◽  
Catur Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Rural Tourism

scholarly journals Challenges of Occupational Safety Specialists’ Scale: A Scale Development Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Development Study ◽  
Organizational Challenges ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Universe

Abstract: The object of this study was to develop challenges of occupational safety specialists scale for Turkish sample. The universe of this research is occupational safety specialists who work in the private sector. The scale consists of two parts that were the main challenges and organizational challenges part. 332 participants responded main challenges part and 314 participants responded organizational challenges part. The results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis ( EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed that organizational challenges part have to be assessed as a separate scale from main challenges part. 6 factor was obtained for main challenges with 28 items which were named as ‘insufficient awareness of employees’ (13 items), ‘providing lack of resources’ (3 items), ‘ignorance of employees’ (3 items), ‘unwillingness of employees to participation’ (3 items), ‘legislative challenges’(3 items) and ‘law based challenges’ (3 items). Additionally, 1 factor was obtained for organizational challenges part with 6 items. As a result, psychometrics specifics of both main challenges scale and organizational challenges scale showed that scales were valid and reliable for Turkish sample.

A Psychological Reactance Scale: Development, Factor Structure and Reliability

1989 ◽  
Vol 64 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1323-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Mook Hong ◽  
Sandra Page
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Development Factor ◽  
Psychometric Data ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Different Populations

This paper describes the development of Hong's Psychological Reactance Scale. An exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation yielded a clearly defined four-factor structure based on the data from 257 tertiary students. This structure compared favourably with previous research findings. Reliabilities for the scale were satisfactory and its use is recommended for gathering further psychometric data with different populations.

Segmenting the Domestic Rural Tourists in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Nimit Chowdhary ◽  
Rahul Pratap Singh Kaurav ◽  
Shailja Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Domestic Tourist

Rural tourism in India is increasingly becoming competitive. Customers expect better services and unique experiences. It is therefore essential for the service providers to better understand the expectations of the visitors and carefully match their offers. Segmentation and targeting of the market are accepted principles of business and there has been a lot of research on the basis of segmentation. The primary objective of this article is to identify the profile of the different clusters (popularly known as segments) of motivations of tourists traveling within rural India. The intention is to decipher the causative clusters, which influences the tourists to visit the rural areas. These variables are used to identify the various rural domestic tourist market segments. A self-administered instrument was used to collect the data. Four factors have been identified through exploratory factor analysis: socialization, escape, rural experience, and self-indulgence. After identifying factors, K-means clustering was used to segment the market. The researchers have identified two relevant segments of domestic rural tourists. These are family retreaters and rural escapists. The study advances the understanding of the Indian domestic rural tourism market. It will help policymakers and practitioners to design products and marketing programs matching the expectations of these targeted markets.

An Updated Paradigm for Scale Development Incorporating Unidimensionality and Its Assessment

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Gerbing ◽  
James C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The authors outline an updated paradigm for scale development that incorporates confirmatory factor analysis for the assessment of unidimensionality. Under this paradigm, item-total correlations and exploratory factor analysis are used to provide preliminary scales. The unidimensionality of each scale then is assessed simultaneously with confirmatory factor analysis. After unidimensional measurement has been acceptably achieved, the reliability of each scale is assessed. Additional evidence for construct validity beyond the establishment of unidimensionality then can be provided by embedding the unidimensional sets of indicators within a nomological network defined by the complete structural model.

scholarly journals The Pet Affection Scale Development, Validation and Influence on Consumers’ Behavior of Pet Hotels

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 1772
Author(s):  
Yung-Hsin Lee ◽  
Chih-Min Lai
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Second Wave

The purpose of this research was to develop a measurement scale, the Pet Affection Scale (PAS), to understand owners’ personalities and attachment to their pets. The data were collected through two waves. There were 401 valid data collected from the first wave to develop the pet affection scale (PAS). An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was tested, and three factors were extracted and identified as (1) joy, (2) anthropomorphism, and (3) protection, respectively. Furthermore, 901 valid data collected from the second wave were used to analyze and propose a research model to examine the PAS influence on the owners’ behavioral intention toward pet hotels. These research findings show that all three pet affections have positive significant effects on pet hotels’ behavioral intention. The implications, limitations, and future research of this research were suggested and discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of Rural Restaurants’ Outdoor Dining Environment Dimensions on Customers’ Satisfaction: A Consumer Perspective

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2172
Author(s):  
Mian Yang ◽  
Shixian Luo
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Landscape Elements ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Catering Industry ◽  
Restaurant Managers ◽  
Consumer Perspective ◽  
Management Recommendations

The catering industry is one of the important industries that promote rural tourism development. Hence, rural restaurants have high research value. However, few studies have examined rural restaurants and their outdoor dining environments (ODE). In this study, from the perspective of consumers and using exploratory factor analysis, three ODE dimensions (quality and facilities, image and atmosphere, and landscape elements) were proposed that affect customers’ satisfaction with rural restaurants. Moreover, the differences between different customer groups in terms of the various dimensions were analyzed. The research results provide management recommendations and fundamental knowledge for rural restaurant managers and rural restaurant designers and articulate different consumer groups’ expectations with regard to rural restaurants.

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