An Updated Paradigm for Scale Development Incorporating Unidimensionality and Its Assessment

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Gerbing ◽  
James C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The authors outline an updated paradigm for scale development that incorporates confirmatory factor analysis for the assessment of unidimensionality. Under this paradigm, item-total correlations and exploratory factor analysis are used to provide preliminary scales. The unidimensionality of each scale then is assessed simultaneously with confirmatory factor analysis. After unidimensional measurement has been acceptably achieved, the reliability of each scale is assessed. Additional evidence for construct validity beyond the establishment of unidimensionality then can be provided by embedding the unidimensional sets of indicators within a nomological network defined by the complete structural model.

Factor Structure of the K-ABC for Cantonese, English, and Punjabi Speaking Canadians

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Joanne M. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Assessment Battery ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity (internal structure) of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) for use with Cantonese, English, and Punjabi speaking Canadians. A confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the sequential/simultaneous theoretical model was supported by the English and Punjabi data: however, the Cantonese data did not exhibit a good fit with this model. Similarly, the results of the exploratory factor analysis suggested that sequential and simultaneous factors could apply when describing the factor structure of the English and Punjabi data, but not for the Cantonese data. Implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Adaptasi Sanctification of Marriage Questionnaire: Versi Indonesia untuk Masyarakat Muslim

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-232
Author(s):  
Hepi Wahyuningsih ◽  
Dyna Rahayu Suci Pertiwi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Composite Reliability

This study aims to adapt the Sanctification of Marriage Questionnaire for Muslims inIndonesia. Adaptation of the Sanctification of Marriage Questionnaire is carried out throughthe stages: translation, providing evidence of construct validity and reliability. Evidence of construct validity was carried out by exploratory factor analysis followed by MGCFA (Multi-Group Confirmatory factor Analysis). In this study, we used a composite reliability. Subjects to reveal the factor structure of sanctification of marriage were 160 married individuals, while the subjects to test the stability of factor structure consisted of 102 husbands and 111 wives. The result of exploratory factor analysis shows that the construct of sanctification of marriage has three factors / dimensions, namely: belief, perceived sacred qualities and manifestation of God. The structure stability of sanctification of marriage was then empirically tested by MGCFA. The results of MGCFA showed that the three factors / dimensions of sanctification of marriage proved stable. The composite reliability coefficient of the Sanctification of Marriage Questionnaire was in a good category. Further research can be carried out to provide evidence of construct validity with predictive validity and concurrent validity of the Sanctification of Marriage Questionnaire. Limitations in this study are discussed further.Keywords: exploratory factor analysis, multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, muslim,sanctification of marriage, scale adaptation

scholarly journals Challenges of Occupational Safety Specialists’ Scale: A Scale Development Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Development Study ◽  
Organizational Challenges ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Universe

Abstract: The object of this study was to develop challenges of occupational safety specialists scale for Turkish sample. The universe of this research is occupational safety specialists who work in the private sector. The scale consists of two parts that were the main challenges and organizational challenges part. 332 participants responded main challenges part and 314 participants responded organizational challenges part. The results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis ( EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed that organizational challenges part have to be assessed as a separate scale from main challenges part. 6 factor was obtained for main challenges with 28 items which were named as ‘insufficient awareness of employees’ (13 items), ‘providing lack of resources’ (3 items), ‘ignorance of employees’ (3 items), ‘unwillingness of employees to participation’ (3 items), ‘legislative challenges’(3 items) and ‘law based challenges’ (3 items). Additionally, 1 factor was obtained for organizational challenges part with 6 items. As a result, psychometrics specifics of both main challenges scale and organizational challenges scale showed that scales were valid and reliable for Turkish sample.

Development of the destination food image scale (DFIS) and examination of measurement invariance by gender

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Görür ◽  
Cem Oktay Güzeller
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scale Adaptation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Food Image ◽  
Image Component

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to create a reliable and valid scale to assess the destination food image perceived by the tourists regarding the food in Turkey within the cognitive and affective image component framework. In line with this purpose, both scale development and scale adaptation studies are conducted, and measurement invariance of the scale for gender is analyzed.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the survey model among quantitative research methods. Scale development processes are used to assess the cognitive image; the construct validity is analyzed with exploratory factor analysis (n = 328), confirmatory factor analysis (n = 425) and convergent and discriminant validity. Scale adaptation processes are followed to assess the affective image, and construct validity is tested with confirmatory factor analysis (n = 425). The reliability of both scales is investigated with Cronbach's alpha. Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel (CMH) analysis is conducted for measurement invariance for gender.FindingsConstruct validity and reliability provided the desired values in all processes. Measurement invariance results proved that the scale does not change according to genders.Research limitations/implicationsThe data obtained in this study have geographical limitations, and the data represent tourists visiting Antalya, an important tourism destination in Turkey.Practical implicationsThe scale will provide concrete information about the destination food image and help practitioners to test the model and develop future strategies for the destination.Originality/valueThis study presents an integrated approach to understanding the destination food image and expands theoretical and empirical evidence by creating a scale that measures both cognitive and affective image component. Scale-invariant shows that there is no item bias for analyzed gender and contributes to generalizability.

Validation and Psychometric Assessment of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index in the Portuguese Hospital Context

2021 ◽  
pp. JNM-D-19-00077
Author(s):  
Ana Nascimento ◽  
Élvio de Jesus ◽  
Sofia Pinto de Almeida ◽  
Elisabete Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Practice Environment ◽  
Stable Factor ◽  
Environment Scale ◽  
Work Index ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

BackgroundThe nursing work environment has an impact on patient safety outcomes and its measurement should be a regular practice.PurposeTo assess the reliability and construct validity of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index in the Portuguese context.MethodsAn exploratory factor analysis followed by a confirmatory factor analysis to assess model adjustment quality was performed with a sample of 3,686 nurses.ResultsThe final solution for the exploratory factor analysis comprised 26 items and five factors (56.6% of the total variance). The confirmatory factor analysis, after refinement, showed a stable factor structure.ConclusionsThe final model showed good construct validity and high reliability, which supports the decision to exclude the items that are not essential to the construct being measured.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR: KONSEP, PROSEDUR UJI DAN INTERPRETASI

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Dr. Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Variance ◽  
Factor Loadings ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Factor analysis is a test of construct validity. The test is taken by testing so much items or variables and extracting to be lesser and simpler factors. The extraction is carried by unifying some items or variables having significant common variance as they measure the same dimension. In its application, factor analysis can be exploratory or confirmatory. Exploratory factor analysis is used to understand some factors explaining a variabel that analysis does not work under a hyphotesis. On the other hand, confirmatory factor analysis hyphotezise some factors from some items or variables to guide its work. The analysis runs some steps : testing of analysis property, serving correlation matrix, doing extraction, making rotation, and labeling factors. The results of testing are interpreted in some ways. Data can be analyzed if assumptions are approved. Index of Kaiser Meyer Olkin must be over 0,80. Data must also be normal in Bartlet’s test of sphericity. Items or variables make the same dimension or factor if they have intercolinnearity over 0,20. A factor can be developed if it has eigenvalues more than 1,00. An item support a factor if it has factor loadings more than 0,30. Then, the developed factors are labelled or named according to the characteristic of supporting items.

scholarly journals Cinderella Syndrome "Women with Fear of Independence": Developing a Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Meryem Vural ◽  
Melek DEMİR
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Turkish Culture ◽  
Sexist Attitude ◽  
To Come

Cinderella syndrome is a concept which is used to define woman who fear from being independent. Women with Cinderella syndrome are in the need of men’s refuge and protection. The syndrome is like a psychological dependence for women and in this dependence, situation being patient and moral is important for being rescued by a man as a reward.  In the syndrome women expect a man to come and take control of their own lives so that they can live happily. The aim of the study developing a scale into Turkish culture to determine the level of Cinderella Syndrome in females. The Cinderella Syndrome Scale is a 5-point Likert Type scale which includes 25 items. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to define construct validity and three factors were determined, called “sexist attitude”, “escape from responsibility” and “quitting career”. According to EFA, three factors describe 54,69 % of the variance. Results of EFA were validated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The Cronbach’s alpha was found as .94 for the total scale.

scholarly journals The Adaptation of the Moral Integrity Scale into Turkish and Analysis of the Psychometric Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-340
Author(s):  
Nesrullah Okan ◽  
Halil Eksi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Moral Identity ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Moral Integrity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The aim of this study is to adapt the Moral Integrity Scale developed by Sclenker (2008) to Turkish and conduct its psychometric analysis. The scale items were translated into Turkish by five specialists in the first place. After the language structure, culture suitability and understandability of the items were examined by the two experts, the items agreed upon were translated back to their original language by the two translation experts. After the positive evaluations of the experts, the final version of the scale items was decided. During the adaptation process of the study, data were collected from 470 people for exploratory factor analysis; from 248 people for confirmatory factor analysis and from 100 people for criterion validity. In this context, Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFA) was used to test the construct validity of the scale first. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, it is seen that the moral integrity scale explains 52,127% of the variance as one dimension. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was then performed to test the construct validity of the scale. The one-dimensional and 18-item structure of the Moral Integrity Scale was analyzed with DFA and accepted fit indices were obtained (X2 / sd = 2.745; p <.001; RMSEA = 0.061; S-RMR = 0.051; NFI = 0.929; CFI = 0.954; GFI = 0.915; RFI = 0.919). In order to calculate the scale reliability, the Cronbach Alpha (α) internal consistency coefficients and the difference between the lower and upper scores of 27% were examined. For the Moral Integrity Scale, the internal consistency coefficient Cronbach’s Alpha value was determined as 961. At the same time, the moral identity scale was used for criterion validity and a significant positive relationship was obtained with the two sub-dimensions of this scale. The total score obtained from the scale gives the person’s moral integrity score. According to all these results, it is understood that the Moral Integrity Scale has sufficient validity and reliability values.

scholarly journals Scale Development Study for Academic Title Perception

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Sevim Öztürk ◽  
Celalettin Korkmaz
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Development Study ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Alpha Reliability

In this study, it is aimed to develop a scale tool (validity and reliability were tested) in order to determine the faculty members’ perceptions on their academic titles. The scale development study was started with a literature review, thus a draft form was developed. The draft form which consists of 42 articles were presented to the specialists to receive their opinions. In line with the feedbacks from the specialists, the content validity rates of items were determined. The items which had value under .80 content validity rate were excluded from the content of the study. Therefore, remaining 30 items trial form were applied to 195 faculty members who are working in the İnönü and Hatay Mustafa Kemal Universities. In the analysis of the research data, descriptive and predictive statistical methods were used. In the process of developing the scale; construct validity, content validity, scale validity, retest-test reliability, two-half reliability and Cronbach’s alpha reliability were tested. For the construct validity of the scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Based on the principal components analysis, it is seen that the articles of the scale can be gathered in a single factor or in five factors according to goodness of fit indicators in confirmatory factor analysis. In the confirmatory factor analysis, when the scale is considered as 5 dimensional, the standard fit indices are acceptable. Cronbach’s alpha reliability, retest-test reliability and two half reliability coefficients have also the values that show the scale is reliable. The findings that obtained as a result of the study show that the Academic Title Perception Scale can be used as a valid and reliable scale tool which can determine the perceptions of the faculty members about their academic titles.

scholarly journals The Fear of Coronavirus Scale: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Konselor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoga Setyo Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Acceptable Reliability ◽  
Anxiety And Fear

Although the problem of anxiety and fear has not been a priority in the treatment of coronavirus, the results of studies show that there is an increase in people's fear of coronavirus. This study aims to evaluate and confirm the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S)  in the Indonesian population. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmation Factor analysis were used for this purpose. A total of 117 participants responded to the scale. The results of the EFA showed that the scale has two dimensions. Furthermore, the results of the CFA revealed that the Indonesian version of FCV-19S exhibited very good construct validity (factorial and convergent), and acceptable reliability. These findings suggest that the Indonesian version of FCV-19S is a developmentally appropriate instrument that can be used to examine fears of coronavirus in Indonesia.

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