7. The Dollar, the Euro, and Cooperative Security

This article examines the way a group of colonies on the far reaches of British power – Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and India, dealt with the imperatives of their own security in the early twentieth century. Each of these evolved into Dominion status and then to sovereign statehood (India lastly and most thoroughly) over the first half of the twentieth century, and their sovereignties evolved amidst a number of related and often countervailing problems of self-defence and cooperative security strategy within the British Empire. The article examines how security – the abstracted political goods of military force – worked alongside race in the greater Pacific to build colonial sovereignties before the First World War. Its first section examines the internal-domestic dimension of sovereignty and its need to secure territory through the issue of imperial naval subsidies. A number of colonies paid subsidies to Britain to support the Royal Navy and thus to contribute in financial terms to their strategic defense. These subsidies provoked increasing opposition after the turn of the twentieth century, and the article exlpores why colonial actors of various types thought financial subsidies threatened their sovereignties in important ways. The second section of the article examines the external-diplomatic dimension of sovereignty by looking at the way colonial actors responded to the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. I argue that colonial actors deployed security as a logic that allowed them to pursue their own bids for sovereignty and autonomy, leverage racial discourses that shaped state-building projects, and ultimately to attempt to nudge the focus of the British Empire's grand strategy away from Europe and into Asia.

Download Full-text

Cooperative Security: The Nuclear Strategy for an Uncertain World

10.21236/ada441449 ◽

1996 ◽

Author(s):

John L. Wilkinson

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Strategy ◽

Cooperative Security

Download Full-text

The ECOMOG Initiative in Liberia: A Liberian Perspective

Issue A Journal of Opinion ◽

10.1017/s004716070050167x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 21 (1-2) ◽

pp. 74-83

Author(s):

S. Byron Tarr

Keyword(s):

Civil War ◽

West African ◽

Security System ◽

Economic Community ◽

Internal Conflicts ◽

Cooperative Security ◽

The Usa ◽

Monitoring Group ◽

Inter State

This is a Liberian perspective on the unique initiative by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to resolve the Liberian conflict by organizing and deploying a Peace Monitoring Group in Liberia. It considers whether ECOWAS’ initiative can become a self-reliant security system that can end a civil war and institutionalize deterrence to subregional inter-state and internal conflicts. Can this self-generated, West African initiative set the stage for democratization? Is the initiative the start of an inter-African cooperative security system? Is the model of Nigerian leadership a harbinger of a regional hegemony in the making? Is the modest role of the USA constructive in resolving the conflict, in light of the fact that Liberia is a country with which the USA has had an historic relationship?

Download Full-text

Liberal Internationalism 3.0: America and the Dilemmas of Liberal World Order

Perspectives on Politics ◽

10.1017/s1537592709090112 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 71-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

G. John Ikenberry

Keyword(s):

World Order ◽

International Order ◽

Woodrow Wilson ◽

Liberal Internationalism ◽

Democratic Community ◽

Cooperative Security ◽

Fixed Set ◽

Liberal Vision ◽

The Cold War ◽

Open Markets

Liberal international order—both its ideas and real-world political formations—is not embodied in a fixed set of principles or practices. Open markets, international institutions, cooperative security, democratic community, progressive change, collective problem solving, the rule of law—these are aspects of the liberal vision that have made appearances in various combinations and changing ways over the last century. I argue that it is possible to identify three versions or models of liberal international order—versions 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0. The first is associated with the ideas of Woodrow Wilson, the second is the Cold War liberal internationalism of the post-1945 decades, and the third version is a sort of post-hegemonic liberal internationalism that has only partially appeared and whose full shape and logic is still uncertain. I develop a set of dimensions that allow for identifying different logics of liberal international order and identify variables that will shape the movement from liberal internationalism 2.0 to 3.0.

Download Full-text