3. Signaling Principles: INGOs, Domestic and International Communities, the State, and Human Security Effectiveness

Help or Harm ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 71-120
Keyword(s):  
Human Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Effectiveness

Human (In)Security

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
National Security ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
Privileged Status ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The Cold War

The 1990s was host to a range of conflicts emerging from weak or failed states. These conflicts typically involved significant humanitarian crises and widespread human rights abuses. Within this changing global environment, new security thinking started to engage “people” as the referent of security, moving away from the previous privileged status granted to the state as the only referent of security. The end of the Cold War enabled the human security paradigm to provide a significant challenge to the primacy of the state in security thinking. On the other hand, human security has been subject to much criticism and there has been heated debate over its applicability within the security agenda. This chapter argues that despite earlier concerns over its efficacy, human security has made inroads into security thinking and is mutually reinforcing to national security.

Critical human security studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD NEWMAN
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
Critical Security Studies ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distinct Approach

AbstractFrom a critical security studies perspective – and non-traditional security studies more broadly – is the concept of human security something which should be taken seriously? Does human security have anything significant to offer security studies? Both human security and critical security studies challenge the state-centric orthodoxy of conventional international security, based upon military defence of territory against ‘external’ threats. Both also challenge neorealist scholarship, and involve broadening and deepening the security agenda. Yet critical security studies have not engaged substantively with human security as a distinct approach to non-traditional security. This article explores the relationship between human security and critical security studies and considers why human security arguments – which privilege the individual as the referent of security analysis and seek to directly influence policy in this regard – have not made a significant impact in critical security studies. The article suggests a number of ways in which critical and human security studies might engage. In particular, it suggests that human security scholarship must go beyond its (mostly) uncritical conceptual underpinnings if it is to make a lasting impact upon security studies, and this might be envisioned as Critical Human Security Studies (CHSS).

scholarly journals 4T don't stand for tacos: An analysis of food and environmental security considerations in the new Mexican government's agricultural agenda

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick de la Barrera ◽  
Ernesto A. Villalvazo-Figueroa ◽  
Edison A. Díaz-Álvarez ◽  
Itzel A. Aguirre-Pérez ◽  
Alexis A. Alcázar-Aragón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Development Goals

On his first day in office, on 1 December 2018, freshman President of Mexico, Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) delivered a speech outlining 100 policy priorities of his administration. The present study analyzed the contributions of this government’s program relating to food security and their environmental implications, and whether they contributed to strengthen the state or improved human security, considering that the poor and marginalized were at the center of AMLO's campaign. In total 45 policy priorities were geared to consolidate the state, while 55 contributed to improving human security. Only six were related to food security, including stipends to food producers and purchasing grains at guaranteed prices, a fertilizer distribution program and subsidies for cattle husbandry and fisheries/aquaculture. These programs contributed to advancing 10 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, especially those related to Zero Hunger and Reduced Inequalities. Various policy programs had explicit considerations towards climate change and land degradation, including the exclusion of natural protected areas from agricultural subsidies, and recognized that food production is vulnerable to climate change. The four agricultural programs analyzed may advance AMLO’s goal of avoiding food imports, while curbing rural poverty. However, available evidence is mixed regarding animal acquisition loans, which are likely to have adverse environmental outcomes. Finally, the program for developing agroforestry operations is already contributing to deforestation, and further ecosystem degradation is most likely to occur from the introduction of timber and fruit species to natural forests as this program does not preclude the inclusion of recently cleared plots. If human development goals are to be reached, along with fulfilling the international commitments on sustainable development and environmental conservation, policies need to be implemented that simultaneously tend to a booming transnational industry, while bringing forward the rural poor, who amount to nearly half of the country's population.

scholarly journals STATE DEFENSE EDUCATION AS A COURSE IN UNIVERSITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Indrawan ◽  
M. Prakoso Aji
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Military Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Culture ◽  
State Security ◽  
State Defense

<p>Indonesia currently faces multidimensional threats, from small to large, concerning all aspects of the country's life, from ideology, politics, economics, social, culture, defense, and security. The nature of contemporary threat has a human security aspect rather than only state security. As such, a thorough effort is needed to deal with those Threats, Disruption, Obstacle, Challenge (TDOC). State defense can be the answer to such problems because state defense itself can be interpreted as an obligation and responsibility of citizens to maintain the existence and sovereignty of the state. State defense will be optimal if disseminated through formal education. In this case, the formal education in question is at the level of higher education. This paper proposes that state defense can be held at higher education level in the form of university compulsory course, and is organized under the name State Defense Education. This State Defense Education is not military education or conscription, but an education that is adjusted to the condition and nuance of higher education.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Threat, Human Security, State Defense, and State Defense Education</p>

Rethinking the “State Security-Human Security” Nexus in the Face of COVID-19

2022 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
Sirin Duygulu
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The State ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Face

It is the argument of this chapter that the COVID-19 pandemic created a need to problematize how we understand security, especially the contrast between state security and human security. This chapter argues that the pandemic has illustrated the importance of human security as well as the need to understand it as a precondition for, and not as an alternative to, state and international security. However, the study does not argue that the increased importance of human security translates into the protection of all humans. The crude reality that security is always at someone's and something's expense sustains vulnerabilities within societies. The study acknowledges that the changes in the security implications (both material and perceived) do not necessarily or automatically translate to changes in policies. Institutional resistance to change and general political trends among other factors affect the extent to which policies will evolve in a direction that would better meet the security implications of the pandemic.

Mechanism of International Legal Implementation for Human Security at the National Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Vadim Avdeevich AVDEEV ◽  
Olga Anatolievna AVDEEVA ◽  
Anton Vitalyevich BYKOV ◽  
Evgeny Vasilyevich ZNAMEROVSKIY ◽  
Alexey Nikolaevich AKSENOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
National Level ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Personal Security ◽  
Fundamental Rights And Freedoms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Criminal Legislation

The research analyzes current trends in ensuring personal security taking into account International Law. The priority position of the individual declared by the norms of international law is assessed differently by national legal systems. The interest of States in preserving the inviolability of fundamental human rights and freedoms implies the use of various mechanisms to achieve these goals. New trends in socio-economic development in the context of globalization predetermine the need to improve the national system for ensuring personal security taking into account international legal principles. Attention is focused on the state of human security and fundamental rights and freedoms declared by international and national law and guaranteed by the State. International normative and legal acts aimed at strategic directions of ensuring personal security are subject to analysis. The article notes the relationship between the transformation of socio-economic character and the state, structure, dynamics of crimes against the individual. Bringing the norms of national law into conformity with the norms, principles and provisions of international normative-legal acts of universal and regional character is recognized as one of the directions of ensuring personal security. The research is focused on the key areas of counteracting attacks on the person taking into account the novelization of modern criminal legislation and law enforcement activities. Close attention is paid to the development and implementation of organizational and practical measures to counteract crimes against the individual at federal and regional levels. The strategic directions developed and implemented at the national level to improve the effectiveness of activities related to ensuring human criminological safety are of applied importance. The conceptual directions of realization of the state policy on prevention, suppression and counteraction of violent crime against the person proposed in the article have practical and oriented value.  

Human Security and the State in Africa

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian S Spears
Keyword(s):  
Human Security ◽  
The State

scholarly journals Achieving human security for migrants: the limits of state policies and migration-development initiatives

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. San Jose
Keyword(s):  
Human Security ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Development Initiatives ◽  
Migrant Remittances ◽  
Migration And Development

The Philippines is one of the top migrant sending countries and is often lauded as a model migrant country due to its skilled migrant labor force, high remittance rates and forward-thinking government policies. However, it is often criticized for its policies of exploitative labor migrant export, its dependency to migrant remittances, and its failure to offer migrant protection. In recent years, scholars and policy makers have suggested using human security as an approach to address the challenges of migration. By bringing the focus away from the state to becoming people-centered, human security aims to address the problems of statelessness, the lack of migrant protection, human rights, and offers long-term solutions to migration. Since the Philippines is highly dependent on migrant labor and is in the forefront of promoting migrant conditions in the international arena, some relevant questions can be raised: what are the role and benefits of using a human security approach for migrants? How does the Philippines attempt to secure human security for its migrants? Has the Philippines achieved human security for its migrants? This paper argues that as the Philippines grew more dependent on labor migration, human security for migrants is attempted by the state through an institutionalized set of policies and assumptions. The promise of migrant welfare and human security is premised on the following points: creating better policies and institutionalizing migrant state agencies, creating national laws together with bilateral and multilateral agreements on migration and in recent years, and the promotion of migration and development initiatives. While these attempts may hold promise, they suffer from limitations on implementation and sustainability. In the final analysis, human security can only be achieved by working towards a national dialogue on migration where stakeholders from the state, civil society organizations, and migrant groups participate in the national debate on the future of migration. Only by reaching a national dialogue on responsive and long-term policies that are grounded in human security can the country go beyond the view that migration and development policies are a catch-all panacea to the problems of migrant protection and long-term economic development in the homeland.

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